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author | Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com> | 2005-06-25 14:58:15 -0700 |
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committer | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org> | 2005-06-25 16:24:52 -0700 |
commit | b089f4a68eccd9782c89262c0d7cae146d5a8a40 (patch) | |
tree | a84874a801e54dd89e5093392aedf49cece4cb11 /Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt | |
parent | a3ea8ac8468f5c7fc65684331dfba3260d5b2d93 (diff) | |
download | linux-b089f4a68eccd9782c89262c0d7cae146d5a8a40.tar.gz linux-b089f4a68eccd9782c89262c0d7cae146d5a8a40.tar.bz2 linux-b089f4a68eccd9782c89262c0d7cae146d5a8a40.zip |
[PATCH] kdump: Documentation for Kdump
This patch contains the documentation for the kexec based crash dump tool.
Quick kdump-howto
================================================================
1) Download and build kexec-tools.
2) Download and build the latest kexec/kdump (-mm) kernel patchset.
Two kernels need to be built in order to get this feature working.
A) First kernel:
a) Enable "kexec system call" feature:
CONFIG_KEXEC=y
b) Physical load address (use default):
CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START=0x100000
c) Enable "sysfs file system support":
CONFIG_SYSFS=y
d) Boot into first kernel with the command line parameter "crashkernel=Y@X":
For example: "crashkernel=64M@16M".
B) Second kernel:
a) Enable "kernel crash dumps" feature:
CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP=y
b) Physical load addreess, use same load address as X in "crashkernel"
kernel parameter in d) above, e.g., 16 MB or 0x1000000.
CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START=0x1000000
c) Enable "/proc/vmcore support" (Optional, in Pseudo filesystems).
CONFIG_PROC_VMCORE=y
3) Boot into the first kernel.
4) Load the second kernel to be booted using:
kexec -p <second-kernel> --crash-dump --args-linux --append="root=<root-dev>
maxcpus=1 init 1"
5) System reboots into the second kernel when a panic occurs. A module can be
written to force the panic, for testing purposes.
6) See Documentation/kdump.txt for how to read the first kernel's
memory image and how to analyze it.
Signed-off-by: Hariprasad Nellitheertha <hari@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: randy_dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Maneesh Soni <maneesh@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt')
-rw-r--r-- | Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt | 135 |
1 files changed, 135 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt b/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b0f412e42791 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +Documentation for kdump - the kexec-based crash dumping solution +================================================================ + +DESIGN +====== + +Kdump uses kexec to reboot to a second kernel whenever a dump needs to be taken. +This second kernel is booted with very little memory. The first kernel reserves +the section of memory that the second kernel uses. This ensures that on-going +DMA from the first kernel does not corrupt the second kernel. + +All the necessary information about Core image is encoded in ELF format and +stored in reserved area of memory before crash. Physical address of start of +ELF header is passed to new kernel through command line parameter elfcorehdr=. + +On i386, the first 640 KB of physical memory is needed to boot, irrespective +of where the kernel loads. Hence, this region is backed up by kexec just before +rebooting into the new kernel. + +In the second kernel, "old memory" can be accessed in two ways. + +- The first one is through a /dev/oldmem device interface. A capture utility + can read the device file and write out the memory in raw format. This is raw + dump of memory and analysis/capture tool should be intelligent enough to + determine where to look for the right information. ELF headers (elfcorehdr=) + can become handy here. + +- The second interface is through /proc/vmcore. This exports the dump as an ELF + format file which can be written out using any file copy command + (cp, scp, etc). Further, gdb can be used to perform limited debugging on + the dump file. This method ensures methods ensure that there is correct + ordering of the dump pages (corresponding to the first 640 KB that has been + relocated). + +SETUP +===== + +1) Download http://www.xmission.com/~ebiederm/files/kexec/kexec-tools-1.101.tar.gz + and apply http://lse.sourceforge.net/kdump/patches/kexec-tools-1.101-kdump.patch + and after that build the source. + +2) Download and build the appropriate (latest) kexec/kdump (-mm) kernel + patchset and apply it to the vanilla kernel tree. + + Two kernels need to be built in order to get this feature working. + + A) First kernel: + a) Enable "kexec system call" feature (in Processor type and features). + CONFIG_KEXEC=y + b) This kernel's physical load address should be the default value of + 0x100000 (0x100000, 1 MB) (in Processor type and features). + CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START=0x100000 + c) Enable "sysfs file system support" (in Pseudo filesystems). + CONFIG_SYSFS=y + d) Boot into first kernel with the command line parameter "crashkernel=Y@X". + Use appropriate values for X and Y. Y denotes how much memory to reserve + for the second kernel, and X denotes at what physical address the reserved + memory section starts. For example: "crashkernel=64M@16M". + + B) Second kernel: + a) Enable "kernel crash dumps" feature (in Processor type and features). + CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP=y + b) Specify a suitable value for "Physical address where the kernel is + loaded" (in Processor type and features). Typically this value + should be same as X (See option d) above, e.g., 16 MB or 0x1000000. + CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START=0x1000000 + c) Enable "/proc/vmcore support" (Optional, in Pseudo filesystems). + CONFIG_PROC_VMCORE=y + + Note: Options a) and b) depend upon "Configure standard kernel features + (for small systems)" (under General setup). + Option a) also depends on CONFIG_HIGHMEM (under Processor + type and features). + Both option a) and b) are under "Processor type and features". + +3) Boot into the first kernel. You are now ready to try out kexec-based crash + dumps. + +4) Load the second kernel to be booted using: + + kexec -p <second-kernel> --crash-dump --args-linux --append="root=<root-dev> + maxcpus=1 init 1" + + Note: i) <second-kernel> has to be a vmlinux image. bzImage will not work, + as of now. + ii) By default ELF headers are stored in ELF32 format (for i386). This + is sufficient to represent the physical memory up to 4GB. To store + headers in ELF64 format, specifiy "--elf64-core-headers" on the + kexec command line additionally. + iii) For now (or until it is fixed), it's best to build the + second-kernel without multi-processor support, i.e., make it + a uniprocessor kernel. + +5) System reboots into the second kernel when a panic occurs. A module can be + written to force the panic, for testing purposes. + +6) Write out the dump file using + + cp /proc/vmcore <dump-file> + + Dump memory can also be accessed as a /dev/oldmem device for a linear/raw + view. To create the device, type: + + mknod /dev/oldmem c 1 12 + + Use "dd" with suitable options for count, bs and skip to access specific + portions of the dump. + + Entire memory: dd if=/dev/oldmem of=oldmem.001 + +ANALYSIS +======== + +Limited analysis can be done using gdb on the dump file copied out of +/proc/vmcore. Use vmlinux built with -g and run + + gdb vmlinux <dump-file> + +Stack trace for the task on processor 0, register display, memory display +work fine. + +Note: gdb cannot analyse core files generated in ELF64 format for i386. + +TODO +==== + +1) Provide a kernel pages filtering mechanism so that core file size is not + insane on systems having huge memory banks. +2) Modify "crash" tool to make it recognize this dump. + +CONTACT +======= + +Hariprasad Nellitheertha - hari at in dot ibm dot com +Vivek Goyal (vgoyal@in.ibm.com) |