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| author | Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> | 2016-02-17 14:41:15 -0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> | 2016-02-22 08:51:38 +0100 |
| commit | c74ba8b3480da6ddaea17df2263ec09b869ac496 (patch) | |
| tree | 140a306921102302d7358432a90334ee028122d5 /include | |
| parent | 9ccaf77cf05915f51231d158abfd5448aedde758 (diff) | |
| download | linux-c74ba8b3480da6ddaea17df2263ec09b869ac496.tar.gz linux-c74ba8b3480da6ddaea17df2263ec09b869ac496.tar.bz2 linux-c74ba8b3480da6ddaea17df2263ec09b869ac496.zip | |
arch: Introduce post-init read-only memory
One of the easiest ways to protect the kernel from attack is to reduce
the internal attack surface exposed when a "write" flaw is available. By
making as much of the kernel read-only as possible, we reduce the
attack surface.
Many things are written to only during __init, and never changed
again. These cannot be made "const" since the compiler will do the wrong
thing (we do actually need to write to them). Instead, move these items
into a memory region that will be made read-only during mark_rodata_ro()
which happens after all kernel __init code has finished.
This introduces __ro_after_init as a way to mark such memory, and adds
some documentation about the existing __read_mostly marking.
This improves the security of the Linux kernel by marking formerly
read-write memory regions as read-only on a fully booted up system.
Based on work by PaX Team and Brad Spengler.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brad Spengler <spender@grsecurity.net>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: David Brown <david.brown@linaro.org>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: PaX Team <pageexec@freemail.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com
Cc: linux-arch <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455748879-21872-5-git-send-email-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'include')
| -rw-r--r-- | include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | include/linux/cache.h | 14 |
2 files changed, 15 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h index c4bd0e2c173c..772c784ba763 100644 --- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h +++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h @@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ .rodata : AT(ADDR(.rodata) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_rodata) = .; \ *(.rodata) *(.rodata.*) \ + *(.data..ro_after_init) /* Read only after init */ \ *(__vermagic) /* Kernel version magic */ \ . = ALIGN(8); \ VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___tracepoints_ptrs) = .; \ diff --git a/include/linux/cache.h b/include/linux/cache.h index 17e7e82d2aa7..1be04f8c563a 100644 --- a/include/linux/cache.h +++ b/include/linux/cache.h @@ -12,10 +12,24 @@ #define SMP_CACHE_BYTES L1_CACHE_BYTES #endif +/* + * __read_mostly is used to keep rarely changing variables out of frequently + * updated cachelines. If an architecture doesn't support it, ignore the + * hint. + */ #ifndef __read_mostly #define __read_mostly #endif +/* + * __ro_after_init is used to mark things that are read-only after init (i.e. + * after mark_rodata_ro() has been called). These are effectively read-only, + * but may get written to during init, so can't live in .rodata (via "const"). + */ +#ifndef __ro_after_init +#define __ro_after_init __attribute__((__section__(".data..ro_after_init"))) +#endif + #ifndef ____cacheline_aligned #define ____cacheline_aligned __attribute__((__aligned__(SMP_CACHE_BYTES))) #endif |