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authorJosh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>2017-02-13 19:42:40 -0600
committerJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>2017-03-08 09:36:21 +0100
commitd83a7cb375eec21f04c83542395d08b2f6641da2 (patch)
tree9e1d65c763c4df78d43b93dc037f9bf7f1ca3ef1 /include
parentf5e547f4ac785c65a39211f0b8e4ffc4fe09112d (diff)
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livepatch: change to a per-task consistency model
Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful. This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November 2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state. Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from the patched state to the unpatched state. An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the patched state of the parent. Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's safe to patch tasks: 1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task, the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE). 2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases: a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to force it to exit the kernel and be patched. b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an IRQ. c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the system. However this isn't supported yet because there's currently no way to patch kthreads without HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. 3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state. (Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.) All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old version of the function, until that function returns. There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need consistency but the rest of the patch does. For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with another way to patch kthreads. The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack) can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state. A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to converge back to the original patch state. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Diffstat (limited to 'include')
-rw-r--r--include/linux/init_task.h9
-rw-r--r--include/linux/livepatch.h42
-rw-r--r--include/linux/sched.h3
3 files changed, 53 insertions, 1 deletions
diff --git a/include/linux/init_task.h b/include/linux/init_task.h
index 91d9049f0039..5a791055b176 100644
--- a/include/linux/init_task.h
+++ b/include/linux/init_task.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
#include <linux/sched/autogroup.h>
#include <net/net_namespace.h>
#include <linux/sched/rt.h>
+#include <linux/livepatch.h>
#include <linux/mm_types.h>
#include <asm/thread_info.h>
@@ -202,6 +203,13 @@ extern struct cred init_cred;
# define INIT_KASAN(tsk)
#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
+# define INIT_LIVEPATCH(tsk) \
+ .patch_state = KLP_UNDEFINED,
+#else
+# define INIT_LIVEPATCH(tsk)
+#endif
+
#ifdef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
# define INIT_TASK_TI(tsk) \
.thread_info = INIT_THREAD_INFO(tsk), \
@@ -288,6 +296,7 @@ extern struct cred init_cred;
INIT_VTIME(tsk) \
INIT_NUMA_BALANCING(tsk) \
INIT_KASAN(tsk) \
+ INIT_LIVEPATCH(tsk) \
}
diff --git a/include/linux/livepatch.h b/include/linux/livepatch.h
index 6602b34bed2b..ed90ad1605c1 100644
--- a/include/linux/livepatch.h
+++ b/include/linux/livepatch.h
@@ -28,18 +28,40 @@
#include <asm/livepatch.h>
+/* task patch states */
+#define KLP_UNDEFINED -1
+#define KLP_UNPATCHED 0
+#define KLP_PATCHED 1
+
/**
* struct klp_func - function structure for live patching
* @old_name: name of the function to be patched
* @new_func: pointer to the patched function code
* @old_sympos: a hint indicating which symbol position the old function
* can be found (optional)
+ * @immediate: patch the func immediately, bypassing safety mechanisms
* @old_addr: the address of the function being patched
* @kobj: kobject for sysfs resources
* @stack_node: list node for klp_ops func_stack list
* @old_size: size of the old function
* @new_size: size of the new function
* @patched: the func has been added to the klp_ops list
+ * @transition: the func is currently being applied or reverted
+ *
+ * The patched and transition variables define the func's patching state. When
+ * patching, a func is always in one of the following states:
+ *
+ * patched=0 transition=0: unpatched
+ * patched=0 transition=1: unpatched, temporary starting state
+ * patched=1 transition=1: patched, may be visible to some tasks
+ * patched=1 transition=0: patched, visible to all tasks
+ *
+ * And when unpatching, it goes in the reverse order:
+ *
+ * patched=1 transition=0: patched, visible to all tasks
+ * patched=1 transition=1: patched, may be visible to some tasks
+ * patched=0 transition=1: unpatched, temporary ending state
+ * patched=0 transition=0: unpatched
*/
struct klp_func {
/* external */
@@ -53,6 +75,7 @@ struct klp_func {
* in kallsyms for the given object is used.
*/
unsigned long old_sympos;
+ bool immediate;
/* internal */
unsigned long old_addr;
@@ -60,6 +83,7 @@ struct klp_func {
struct list_head stack_node;
unsigned long old_size, new_size;
bool patched;
+ bool transition;
};
/**
@@ -68,7 +92,7 @@ struct klp_func {
* @funcs: function entries for functions to be patched in the object
* @kobj: kobject for sysfs resources
* @mod: kernel module associated with the patched object
- * (NULL for vmlinux)
+ * (NULL for vmlinux)
* @patched: the object's funcs have been added to the klp_ops list
*/
struct klp_object {
@@ -86,6 +110,7 @@ struct klp_object {
* struct klp_patch - patch structure for live patching
* @mod: reference to the live patch module
* @objs: object entries for kernel objects to be patched
+ * @immediate: patch all funcs immediately, bypassing safety mechanisms
* @list: list node for global list of registered patches
* @kobj: kobject for sysfs resources
* @enabled: the patch is enabled (but operation may be incomplete)
@@ -94,6 +119,7 @@ struct klp_patch {
/* external */
struct module *mod;
struct klp_object *objs;
+ bool immediate;
/* internal */
struct list_head list;
@@ -121,13 +147,27 @@ void arch_klp_init_object_loaded(struct klp_patch *patch,
int klp_module_coming(struct module *mod);
void klp_module_going(struct module *mod);
+void klp_copy_process(struct task_struct *child);
void klp_update_patch_state(struct task_struct *task);
+static inline bool klp_patch_pending(struct task_struct *task)
+{
+ return test_tsk_thread_flag(task, TIF_PATCH_PENDING);
+}
+
+static inline bool klp_have_reliable_stack(void)
+{
+ return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STACKTRACE) &&
+ IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE);
+}
+
#else /* !CONFIG_LIVEPATCH */
static inline int klp_module_coming(struct module *mod) { return 0; }
static inline void klp_module_going(struct module *mod) {}
+static inline bool klp_patch_pending(struct task_struct *task) { return false; }
static inline void klp_update_patch_state(struct task_struct *task) {}
+static inline void klp_copy_process(struct task_struct *child) {}
#endif /* CONFIG_LIVEPATCH */
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index d67eee84fd43..e11032010318 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1038,6 +1038,9 @@ struct task_struct {
/* A live task holds one reference: */
atomic_t stack_refcount;
#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
+ int patch_state;
+#endif
/* CPU-specific state of this task: */
struct thread_struct thread;