License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

134 files changed, 134 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index ed470aac53da..172d151d429c 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
diff --git a/kernel/acct.c b/kernel/acct.c
index 5e72af29ab73..6670fbd3e466 100644
--- a/kernel/acct.c
+++ b/kernel/acct.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/acct.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/audit_tree.c b/kernel/audit_tree.c
index 011d46e5f73f..d4b050d9a66e 100644
--- a/kernel/audit_tree.c
+++ b/kernel/audit_tree.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "audit.h"
 #include <linux/fsnotify_backend.h>
 #include <linux/namei.h>
diff --git a/kernel/bounds.c b/kernel/bounds.c
index e1d1d1952bfa..c373e887c066 100644
--- a/kernel/bounds.c
+++ b/kernel/bounds.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Generate definitions needed by the preprocessor.
  * This code generates raw asm output which is post-processed
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/Makefile b/kernel/bpf/Makefile
index 897daa005b23..af3ab6164ff5 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/bpf/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 obj-y := core.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL) += syscall.o verifier.o inode.o helpers.o tnum.o
diff --git a/kernel/capability.c b/kernel/capability.c
index f97fe77ceb88..1e1c0236f55b 100644
--- a/kernel/capability.c
+++ b/kernel/capability.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/capability.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/Makefile b/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
index ce693ccb8c58..ae448f7632cc 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 obj-y := cgroup.o namespace.o cgroup-v1.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER) += freezer.o
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
index 5151ff256c29..bf54ade001be 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/cgroup-internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __CGROUP_INTERNAL_H
 #define __CGROUP_INTERNAL_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/debug.c b/kernel/cgroup/debug.c
index f661b4cc5efd..5f780d8f6a9d 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/debug.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/debug.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Debug controller
  *
diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/namespace.c b/kernel/cgroup/namespace.c
index 66129eb4371d..b05f1dd58a62 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup/namespace.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup/namespace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "cgroup-internal.h"
 
 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
diff --git a/kernel/dma.c b/kernel/dma.c
index 6c6262f86c17..3506fc34a712 100644
--- a/kernel/dma.c
+++ b/kernel/dma.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/dma.c: A DMA channel allocator. Inspired by linux/kernel/irq.c.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/elfcore.c b/kernel/elfcore.c
index e556751d15d9..fc482c8e0bd8 100644
--- a/kernel/elfcore.c
+++ b/kernel/elfcore.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/elf.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
diff --git a/kernel/events/Makefile b/kernel/events/Makefile
index 2925188f50ea..3c022e33c109 100644
--- a/kernel/events/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/events/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_core.o = $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
 endif
diff --git a/kernel/events/internal.h b/kernel/events/internal.h
index 843e97047335..09b1537ae06c 100644
--- a/kernel/events/internal.h
+++ b/kernel/events/internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _KERNEL_EVENTS_INTERNAL_H
 #define _KERNEL_EVENTS_INTERNAL_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/exec_domain.c b/kernel/exec_domain.c
index 6873bb3e6b7e..0975b0268545 100644
--- a/kernel/exec_domain.c
+++ b/kernel/exec_domain.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Handling of different ABIs (personalities).
  *
diff --git a/kernel/futex_compat.c b/kernel/futex_compat.c
index 3f409968e466..83f830acbb5f 100644
--- a/kernel/futex_compat.c
+++ b/kernel/futex_compat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/futex_compat.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/Makefile b/kernel/gcov/Makefile
index 752d6486b67e..c6c50e5c680e 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/gcov/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 ccflags-y := -DSRCTREE='"$(srctree)"' -DOBJTREE='"$(objtree)"'
 
 obj-y := base.o fs.o
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/base.c b/kernel/gcov/base.c
index c51a49c9be70..9c7c8d5c18f2 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/base.c
+++ b/kernel/gcov/base.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  This code maintains a list of active profiling data structures.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/fs.c b/kernel/gcov/fs.c
index edf67c493a8e..6e40ff6be083 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/fs.c
+++ b/kernel/gcov/fs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  This code exports profiling data as debugfs files to userspace.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c b/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c
index 27bc88a35013..1e32e66c9563 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c
+++ b/kernel/gcov/gcc_3_4.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  This code provides functions to handle gcc's profiling data format
  *  introduced with gcc 3.4. Future versions of gcc may change the gcov
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/gcc_4_7.c b/kernel/gcov/gcc_4_7.c
index 46a18e72bce6..ca5e5c0ef853 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/gcc_4_7.c
+++ b/kernel/gcov/gcc_4_7.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  This code provides functions to handle gcc's profiling data format
  *  introduced with gcc 4.7.
diff --git a/kernel/gcov/gcov.h b/kernel/gcov/gcov.h
index 92c8e22a29ed..de118ad4a024 100644
--- a/kernel/gcov/gcov.h
+++ b/kernel/gcov/gcov.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  Profiling infrastructure declarations.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/groups.c b/kernel/groups.c
index 434f6665f187..e357bc800111 100644
--- a/kernel/groups.c
+++ b/kernel/groups.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Supplementary group IDs
  */
diff --git a/kernel/irq/Makefile b/kernel/irq/Makefile
index 1970cafe8f2a..ed15d142694b 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/irq/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 obj-y := irqdesc.o handle.o manage.o spurious.o resend.o chip.o dummychip.o devres.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_IRQ_TIMINGS) += timings.o
diff --git a/kernel/irq/affinity.c b/kernel/irq/affinity.c
index d69bd77252a7..e12d35108225 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/affinity.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/affinity.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2016 Thomas Gleixner.
  * Copyright (C) 2016-2017 Christoph Hellwig.
diff --git a/kernel/irq/autoprobe.c b/kernel/irq/autoprobe.c
index d30a0dd5cc02..befa671fba64 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/autoprobe.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/autoprobe.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/irq/autoprobe.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/irq/debug.h b/kernel/irq/debug.h
index e75e29e4434a..17f05ef8f575 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/debug.h
+++ b/kernel/irq/debug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Debugging printout:
  */
diff --git a/kernel/irq/internals.h b/kernel/irq/internals.h
index a4aa39009f0d..44ed5f8c8759 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/internals.h
+++ b/kernel/irq/internals.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * IRQ subsystem internal functions and variables:
  *
diff --git a/kernel/irq/migration.c b/kernel/irq/migration.c
index 6ca054a3f91d..86ae0eb80b53 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/migration.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/migration.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include <linux/irq.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/kernel/irq/proc.c b/kernel/irq/proc.c
index 6376b4a598d3..c010cc0daf79 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/proc.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/irq/proc.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/irq/resend.c b/kernel/irq/resend.c
index b86886beee4f..1d08f45135c2 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/resend.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/resend.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/irq/resend.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/irq/settings.h b/kernel/irq/settings.h
index 320579d89091..e43795cd2ccf 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/settings.h
+++ b/kernel/irq/settings.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Internal header to deal with irq_desc->status which will be renamed
  * to irq_desc->settings.
diff --git a/kernel/irq/spurious.c b/kernel/irq/spurious.c
index 061ba7eed4ed..987d7bca4864 100644
--- a/kernel/irq/spurious.c
+++ b/kernel/irq/spurious.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/irq/spurious.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/kcmp.c b/kernel/kcmp.c
index 055bb2962a0b..a0e3d7a0e8b8 100644
--- a/kernel/kcmp.c
+++ b/kernel/kcmp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
 #include <linux/fdtable.h>
diff --git a/kernel/kcov.c b/kernel/kcov.c
index 3f693a0f6f3e..fc6af9e1308b 100644
--- a/kernel/kcov.c
+++ b/kernel/kcov.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "kcov: " fmt
 
 #define DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING
diff --git a/kernel/kexec_internal.h b/kernel/kexec_internal.h
index 50dfcb039a41..48aaf2ac0d0d 100644
--- a/kernel/kexec_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/kexec_internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef LINUX_KEXEC_INTERNAL_H
 #define LINUX_KEXEC_INTERNAL_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/livepatch/core.h b/kernel/livepatch/core.h
index c74f24c47837..a351601d7f76 100644
--- a/kernel/livepatch/core.h
+++ b/kernel/livepatch/core.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LIVEPATCH_CORE_H
 #define _LIVEPATCH_CORE_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/livepatch/patch.h b/kernel/livepatch/patch.h
index 0db227170c36..e72d8250d04b 100644
--- a/kernel/livepatch/patch.h
+++ b/kernel/livepatch/patch.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LIVEPATCH_PATCH_H
 #define _LIVEPATCH_PATCH_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/livepatch/transition.h b/kernel/livepatch/transition.h
index ce09b326546c..0f6e27c481f9 100644
--- a/kernel/livepatch/transition.h
+++ b/kernel/livepatch/transition.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LIVEPATCH_TRANSITION_H
 #define _LIVEPATCH_TRANSITION_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/locking/Makefile b/kernel/locking/Makefile
index 760158d9d98d..392c7f23af76 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/locking/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # Any varying coverage in these files is non-deterministic
 # and is generally not a function of system call inputs.
 KCOV_INSTRUMENT		:= n
diff --git a/kernel/locking/lockdep_internals.h b/kernel/locking/lockdep_internals.h
index 1da4669d57a7..d459d624ba2a 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/lockdep_internals.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/lockdep_internals.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * kernel/lockdep_internals.h
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/lockdep_proc.c b/kernel/locking/lockdep_proc.c
index 68d9e267ccd4..ad69bbc9bd28 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/lockdep_proc.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/lockdep_proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * kernel/lockdep_proc.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/mcs_spinlock.h b/kernel/locking/mcs_spinlock.h
index 6a385aabcce7..f046b7ce9dd6 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/mcs_spinlock.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/mcs_spinlock.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * MCS lock defines
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/mutex-debug.h b/kernel/locking/mutex-debug.h
index 4174417d5309..1edd3f45a4ec 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/mutex-debug.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/mutex-debug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/mutex.h b/kernel/locking/mutex.h
index 6ebc1902f779..1c2287d3fa71 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/mutex.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/mutex.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/osq_lock.c b/kernel/locking/osq_lock.c
index a74ee6abd039..6ef600aa0f47 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/osq_lock.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/osq_lock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/osq_lock.h>
diff --git a/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h b/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h
index 43555681c40b..15b6a39366c6 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/qspinlock_paravirt.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _GEN_PV_LOCK_SLOWPATH
 #error "do not include this file"
 #endif
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.c b/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.c
index f4a74e78d467..fd4fe1f5b458 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * RT-Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with PI support
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.h b/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.h
index 5078c6ddf4a5..fc549713bba3 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/rtmutex-debug.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * RT-Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with PI support
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rtmutex.h b/kernel/locking/rtmutex.h
index 5c253caffe91..732f96abf462 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rtmutex.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/rtmutex.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * RT-Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with PI support
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rtmutex_common.h b/kernel/locking/rtmutex_common.h
index 7453be0485a5..124e98ca0b17 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rtmutex_common.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/rtmutex_common.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * RT Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with PI support
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rwsem-spinlock.c b/kernel/locking/rwsem-spinlock.c
index 0848634c5512..a7ffb2a96ede 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rwsem-spinlock.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/rwsem-spinlock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* rwsem-spinlock.c: R/W semaphores: contention handling functions for
  * generic spinlock implementation
  *
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c b/kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c
index 1fefe6dcafd7..e795908f3607 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* rwsem.c: R/W semaphores: contention handling functions
  *
  * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com).
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rwsem.c b/kernel/locking/rwsem.c
index 4d48b1c4870d..a6c76a4832b4 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rwsem.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/rwsem.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* kernel/rwsem.c: R/W semaphores, public implementation
  *
  * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com).
diff --git a/kernel/locking/rwsem.h b/kernel/locking/rwsem.h
index a699f4048ba1..a883b8f1fdc6 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/rwsem.h
+++ b/kernel/locking/rwsem.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * The owner field of the rw_semaphore structure will be set to
  * RWSEM_READ_OWNED when a reader grabs the lock. A writer will clear
diff --git a/kernel/locking/spinlock.c b/kernel/locking/spinlock.c
index 4b082b5cac9e..6e40fdfba326 100644
--- a/kernel/locking/spinlock.c
+++ b/kernel/locking/spinlock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (2004) Linus Torvalds
  *
diff --git a/kernel/power/Makefile b/kernel/power/Makefile
index eb4f717705ba..a3f79f0eef36 100644
--- a/kernel/power/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/power/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 ccflags-$(CONFIG_PM_DEBUG)	:= -DDEBUG
 
diff --git a/kernel/power/autosleep.c b/kernel/power/autosleep.c
index 9012ecf7b814..41e83a779e19 100644
--- a/kernel/power/autosleep.c
+++ b/kernel/power/autosleep.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * kernel/power/autosleep.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/power/console.c b/kernel/power/console.c
index 0e781798b0b3..fcdf0e14a47d 100644
--- a/kernel/power/console.c
+++ b/kernel/power/console.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Functions for saving/restoring console.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/power/power.h b/kernel/power/power.h
index 1d2d761e3c25..f29cd178df90 100644
--- a/kernel/power/power.h
+++ b/kernel/power/power.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #include <linux/suspend.h>
 #include <linux/suspend_ioctls.h>
 #include <linux/utsname.h>
diff --git a/kernel/power/process.c b/kernel/power/process.c
index 50f25cb370c6..7381d49a44db 100644
--- a/kernel/power/process.c
+++ b/kernel/power/process.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * drivers/power/process.c - Functions for starting/stopping processes on 
  *                           suspend transitions.
diff --git a/kernel/power/wakelock.c b/kernel/power/wakelock.c
index 1896386e16bb..dfba59be190b 100644
--- a/kernel/power/wakelock.c
+++ b/kernel/power/wakelock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * kernel/power/wakelock.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/printk/braille.c b/kernel/printk/braille.c
index 61d41ca41844..1d21ebacfdb8 100644
--- a/kernel/printk/braille.c
+++ b/kernel/printk/braille.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/kernel/printk/braille.h b/kernel/printk/braille.h
index 749a6756843a..123154f86304 100644
--- a/kernel/printk/braille.h
+++ b/kernel/printk/braille.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _PRINTK_BRAILLE_H
 #define _PRINTK_BRAILLE_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/printk/console_cmdline.h b/kernel/printk/console_cmdline.h
index 2ca4a8b5fe57..11f19c466af5 100644
--- a/kernel/printk/console_cmdline.h
+++ b/kernel/printk/console_cmdline.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _CONSOLE_CMDLINE_H
 #define _CONSOLE_CMDLINE_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/range.c b/kernel/range.c
index 82cfc285b046..d84de6766472 100644
--- a/kernel/range.c
+++ b/kernel/range.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Range add and subtract
  */
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/Makefile b/kernel/rcu/Makefile
index 13c0fc852767..020e8b6a644b 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/rcu/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # Any varying coverage in these files is non-deterministic
 # and is generally not a function of system call inputs.
 KCOV_INSTRUMENT := n
diff --git a/kernel/sched/Makefile b/kernel/sched/Makefile
index 78f54932ea1d..a9ee16bbc693 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/sched/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_clock.o = $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
 endif
diff --git a/kernel/sched/autogroup.c b/kernel/sched/autogroup.c
index de6d7f4dfcb5..a43df5193538 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/autogroup.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/autogroup.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "sched.h"
 
 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sched/autogroup.h b/kernel/sched/autogroup.h
index ce40c810cd5c..27cd22b89824 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/autogroup.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/autogroup.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_AUTOGROUP
 
 #include <linux/kref.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sched/completion.c b/kernel/sched/completion.c
index cc873075c3bd..2ddaec40956f 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/completion.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/completion.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Generic wait-for-completion handler;
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/cpuacct.c b/kernel/sched/cpuacct.c
index f95ab29a45d0..44ab32a4fab6 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/cpuacct.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/cpuacct.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sched/cpuacct.h b/kernel/sched/cpuacct.h
index ba72807c73d4..a8358a57a316 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/cpuacct.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/cpuacct.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT
 
 extern void cpuacct_charge(struct task_struct *tsk, u64 cputime);
diff --git a/kernel/sched/cpudeadline.h b/kernel/sched/cpudeadline.h
index f7da8c55bba0..b010d26e108e 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/cpudeadline.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/cpudeadline.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LINUX_CPUDL_H
 #define _LINUX_CPUDL_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/cpupri.h b/kernel/sched/cpupri.h
index 63cbb9ca0496..bab050019071 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/cpupri.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/cpupri.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LINUX_CPUPRI_H
 #define _LINUX_CPUPRI_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/deadline.c b/kernel/sched/deadline.c
index 0191ec7667c3..4ae5c1ea90e2 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/deadline.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/deadline.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Deadline Scheduling Class (SCHED_DEADLINE)
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
index d3f3094856fe..5c09ddf8c832 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Completely Fair Scheduling (CFS) Class (SCHED_NORMAL/SCHED_BATCH)
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/features.h b/kernel/sched/features.h
index 319ed0e8a347..9552fd5854bf 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/features.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/features.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Only give sleepers 50% of their service deficit. This allows
  * them to run sooner, but does not allow tons of sleepers to
diff --git a/kernel/sched/idle_task.c b/kernel/sched/idle_task.c
index 0c00172db63e..d518664cce4f 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/idle_task.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/idle_task.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "sched.h"
 
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/sched/loadavg.c b/kernel/sched/loadavg.c
index f14716a3522f..89a989e4d758 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/loadavg.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/loadavg.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * kernel/sched/loadavg.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/rt.c b/kernel/sched/rt.c
index 0af5ca9e3e3f..3c96c80e0992 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/rt.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/rt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Real-Time Scheduling Class (mapped to the SCHED_FIFO and SCHED_RR
  * policies)
diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched-pelt.h b/kernel/sched/sched-pelt.h
index cd200d16529e..a26473674fb7 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/sched-pelt.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/sched-pelt.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* Generated by Documentation/scheduler/sched-pelt; do not modify. */
 
 static const u32 runnable_avg_yN_inv[] = {
diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched.h b/kernel/sched/sched.h
index 14db76cd496f..3b448ba82225 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/sched.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/sched.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/autogroup.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sched/stats.c b/kernel/sched/stats.c
index 87e2c9f0c33e..940b1fa1d2ce 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/stats.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/stats.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sched/stats.h b/kernel/sched/stats.h
index d5710651043b..baf500d12b7c 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/stats.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/stats.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/stop_task.c b/kernel/sched/stop_task.c
index 9f69fb630853..45caf90b24cd 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/stop_task.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/stop_task.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "sched.h"
 
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/sched/swait.c b/kernel/sched/swait.c
index 2227e183e202..9ff1555341ed 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/swait.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/swait.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
 #include <linux/swait.h>
 
diff --git a/kernel/sched/topology.c b/kernel/sched/topology.c
index f1cf4f306a82..6798276d29af 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/topology.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/topology.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Scheduler topology setup/handling methods
  */
diff --git a/kernel/seccomp.c b/kernel/seccomp.c
index 0ae832e13b97..418a1c045933 100644
--- a/kernel/seccomp.c
+++ b/kernel/seccomp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/seccomp.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/smpboot.h b/kernel/smpboot.h
index 485b81cfab34..34dd3d7ba40b 100644
--- a/kernel/smpboot.h
+++ b/kernel/smpboot.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef SMPBOOT_H
 #define SMPBOOT_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/sys.c b/kernel/sys.c
index 9aebc2935013..524a4cb9bbe2 100644
--- a/kernel/sys.c
+++ b/kernel/sys.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/kernel/sys.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/sys_ni.c b/kernel/sys_ni.c
index 8acef8576ce9..b5189762d275 100644
--- a/kernel/sys_ni.c
+++ b/kernel/sys_ni.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
diff --git a/kernel/sysctl_binary.c b/kernel/sysctl_binary.c
index 58ea8c03662e..e8c0dab4fd65 100644
--- a/kernel/sysctl_binary.c
+++ b/kernel/sysctl_binary.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/stat.h>
 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
 #include "../fs/xfs/xfs_sysctl.h"
diff --git a/kernel/task_work.c b/kernel/task_work.c
index 836a72a66fba..5718b3ea202a 100644
--- a/kernel/task_work.c
+++ b/kernel/task_work.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/task_work.h>
 #include <linux/tracehook.h>
diff --git a/kernel/time/Makefile b/kernel/time/Makefile
index 938dbf33ef49..f1e46f338a9c 100644
--- a/kernel/time/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/time/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 obj-y += time.o timer.o hrtimer.o
 obj-y += timekeeping.o ntp.o clocksource.o jiffies.o timer_list.o
 obj-y += timeconv.o timecounter.o alarmtimer.o
diff --git a/kernel/time/itimer.c b/kernel/time/itimer.c
index 2ef98a02376a..f26acef5d7b4 100644
--- a/kernel/time/itimer.c
+++ b/kernel/time/itimer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/itimer.c
  *
diff --git a/kernel/time/ntp.c b/kernel/time/ntp.c
index edf19cc53140..99e03bec68e4 100644
--- a/kernel/time/ntp.c
+++ b/kernel/time/ntp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * NTP state machine interfaces and logic.
  *
diff --git a/kernel/time/ntp_internal.h b/kernel/time/ntp_internal.h
index d8a7c11fa71a..0a53e6ea47b1 100644
--- a/kernel/time/ntp_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/time/ntp_internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _LINUX_NTP_INTERNAL_H
 #define _LINUX_NTP_INTERNAL_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c b/kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c
index 8585ad6e472a..5b117110b55b 100644
--- a/kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c
+++ b/kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Implement CPU time clocks for the POSIX clock interface.
  */
diff --git a/kernel/time/posix-timers.h b/kernel/time/posix-timers.h
index fb303c3be4d3..151e28f5bf30 100644
--- a/kernel/time/posix-timers.h
+++ b/kernel/time/posix-timers.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #define TIMER_RETRY 1
 
 struct k_clock {
diff --git a/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c b/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c
index a7bb8f33ae07..58045eb976c3 100644
--- a/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c
+++ b/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/kernel/time/tick-broadcast-hrtimer.c
  * This file emulates a local clock event device
diff --git a/kernel/time/tick-internal.h b/kernel/time/tick-internal.h
index be0ac01f2e12..f8e1845aa464 100644
--- a/kernel/time/tick-internal.h
+++ b/kernel/time/tick-internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * tick internal variable and functions used by low/high res code
  */
diff --git a/kernel/time/tick-sched.h b/kernel/time/tick-sched.h
index 075444e3d48e..954b43dbf21c 100644
--- a/kernel/time/tick-sched.h
+++ b/kernel/time/tick-sched.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _TICK_SCHED_H
 #define _TICK_SCHED_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/time/timekeeping.h b/kernel/time/timekeeping.h
index d0914676d4c5..c9f9af339914 100644
--- a/kernel/time/timekeeping.h
+++ b/kernel/time/timekeeping.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _KERNEL_TIME_TIMEKEEPING_H
 #define _KERNEL_TIME_TIMEKEEPING_H
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/time/timekeeping_internal.h b/kernel/time/timekeeping_internal.h
index 9a18f121f399..fdbeeb02dde9 100644
--- a/kernel/time/timekeeping_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/time/timekeeping_internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _TIMEKEEPING_INTERNAL_H
 #define _TIMEKEEPING_INTERNAL_H
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/trace/Makefile b/kernel/trace/Makefile
index 90f2701d92a7..19a15b2f1190 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/trace/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 # Do not instrument the tracer itself:
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/power-traces.c b/kernel/trace/power-traces.c
index 0c7dee221dca..21bb161c2316 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/power-traces.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/power-traces.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Power trace points
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/rpm-traces.c b/kernel/trace/rpm-traces.c
index 4b3b5eaf94d1..25dec0b00280 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/rpm-traces.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/rpm-traces.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Power trace points
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace.h b/kernel/trace/trace.h
index 652c682707cd..401b0639116f 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 
 #ifndef _LINUX_KERNEL_TRACE_H
 #define _LINUX_KERNEL_TRACE_H
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.c b/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.c
index 16a8cf02eee9..79f838a75077 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.h b/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.h
index ebdbfc2f2a64..be1d86ff753d 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_benchmark.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #undef TRACE_SYSTEM
 #define TRACE_SYSTEM benchmark
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_branch.c b/kernel/trace/trace_branch.c
index 4d8fdf3184dc..4ad967453b6f 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_branch.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_branch.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * unlikely profiler
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_entries.h b/kernel/trace/trace_entries.h
index adcdbbeae010..e954ae3d82c0 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_entries.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_entries.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This file defines the trace event structures that go into the ring
  * buffer directly. They are created via macros so that changes for them
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_events_filter_test.h b/kernel/trace/trace_events_filter_test.h
index bfd4dba0d603..39d7ef4f57cb 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_events_filter_test.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_events_filter_test.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #undef TRACE_SYSTEM
 #define TRACE_SYSTEM test
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_export.c b/kernel/trace/trace_export.c
index 39aa7aa66468..548e62eb5c46 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_export.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_export.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * trace_export.c - export basic ftrace utilities to user space
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_functions.c b/kernel/trace/trace_functions.c
index a0910c0cdf2e..27f7ad12c4b1 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_functions.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_functions.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * ring buffer based function tracer
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c b/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c
index b8f1f54731af..23c0b0cb5fb9 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *
  * Function graph tracer.
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_kdb.c b/kernel/trace/trace_kdb.c
index 57149bce6aad..d953c163a079 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_kdb.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_kdb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * kdb helper for dumping the ftrace buffer
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_mmiotrace.c b/kernel/trace/trace_mmiotrace.c
index dca78fc48439..b0388016b687 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_mmiotrace.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_mmiotrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Memory mapped I/O tracing
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_nop.c b/kernel/trace/trace_nop.c
index 49f61fe96a6b..50523f953a5d 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_nop.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_nop.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * nop tracer
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_output.h b/kernel/trace/trace_output.h
index fabc49bcd493..dbba03ed96de 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_output.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_output.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __TRACE_EVENTS_H
 #define __TRACE_EVENTS_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c b/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c
index b341c02730be..e288168661e1 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * trace context switch
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_sched_wakeup.c b/kernel/trace/trace_sched_wakeup.c
index 0c331978b1a6..7d461dcd4831 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_sched_wakeup.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_sched_wakeup.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * trace task wakeup timings
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_selftest.c b/kernel/trace/trace_selftest.c
index b17ec642793b..cd70eb5df38e 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_selftest.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_selftest.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Include in trace.c */
 
 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_selftest_dynamic.c b/kernel/trace/trace_selftest_dynamic.c
index b4c475a0a48b..8cda06a10d66 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_selftest_dynamic.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_selftest_dynamic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include "trace.h"
 
 int DYN_FTRACE_TEST_NAME(void)
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c b/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c
index 49cb41412eec..719a52a4064a 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2008 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_stat.c b/kernel/trace/trace_stat.c
index 413ff108fbd0..75bf1bcb4a8a 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_stat.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_stat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Infrastructure for statistic tracing (histogram output).
  *
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_stat.h b/kernel/trace/trace_stat.h
index 8f03914b9a6a..76d30b4ebe83 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_stat.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_stat.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __TRACE_STAT_H
 #define __TRACE_STAT_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c b/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c
index 696afe72d3b1..a2a642f2c64f 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <trace/syscall.h>
 #include <trace/events/syscalls.h>
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
diff --git a/kernel/trace/tracing_map.h b/kernel/trace/tracing_map.h
index 618838f5f30a..ab0ca77331d0 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/tracing_map.h
+++ b/kernel/trace/tracing_map.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __TRACING_MAP_H
 #define __TRACING_MAP_H
 
diff --git a/kernel/uid16.c b/kernel/uid16.c
index 5c2dc5b2bf4f..ce74a4901d2b 100644
--- a/kernel/uid16.c
+++ b/kernel/uid16.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Wrapper functions for 16bit uid back compatibility. All nicely tied
  *	together in the faint hope we can take the out in five years time.
diff --git a/kernel/watchdog.c b/kernel/watchdog.c
index 6bcb854909c0..c8e06703e44c 100644
--- a/kernel/watchdog.c
+++ b/kernel/watchdog.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Detect hard and soft lockups on a system
  *
diff --git a/kernel/watchdog_hld.c b/kernel/watchdog_hld.c
index 71a62ceacdc8..4583feb66393 100644
--- a/kernel/watchdog_hld.c
+++ b/kernel/watchdog_hld.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Detect hard lockups on a system
  *
diff --git a/kernel/workqueue_internal.h b/kernel/workqueue_internal.h
index 8635417c587b..efdd72e15794 100644
--- a/kernel/workqueue_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/workqueue_internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * kernel/workqueue_internal.h
  *