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authorShaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>2013-02-22 16:34:38 -0800
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2013-02-23 17:50:17 -0800
commitec8acf20afb8534ed511f6613dd2226b9e301010 (patch)
treea0d6779eeffa0f523a2799dbb619e0a34fd786d4 /mm
parent33806f06da654092182410d974b6d3c5396ea3eb (diff)
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swap: add per-partition lock for swapfile
swap_lock is heavily contended when I test swap to 3 fast SSD (even slightly slower than swap to 2 such SSD). The main contention comes from swap_info_get(). This patch tries to fix the gap with adding a new per-partition lock. Global data like nr_swapfiles, total_swap_pages, least_priority and swap_list are still protected by swap_lock. nr_swap_pages is an atomic now, it can be changed without swap_lock. In theory, it's possible get_swap_page() finds no swap pages but actually there are free swap pages. But sounds not a big problem. Accessing partition specific data (like scan_swap_map and so on) is only protected by swap_info_struct.lock. Changing swap_info_struct.flags need hold swap_lock and swap_info_struct.lock, because scan_scan_map() will check it. read the flags is ok with either the locks hold. If both swap_lock and swap_info_struct.lock must be hold, we always hold the former first to avoid deadlock. swap_entry_free() can change swap_list. To delete that code, we add a new highest_priority_index. Whenever get_swap_page() is called, we check it. If it's valid, we use it. It's a pity get_swap_page() still holds swap_lock(). But in practice, swap_lock() isn't heavily contended in my test with this patch (or I can say there are other much more heavier bottlenecks like TLB flush). And BTW, looks get_swap_page() doesn't really need the lock. We never free swap_info[] and we check SWAP_WRITEOK flag. The only risk without the lock is we could swapout to some low priority swap, but we can quickly recover after several rounds of swap, so sounds not a big deal to me. But I'd prefer to fix this if it's a real problem. "swap: make each swap partition have one address_space" improved the swapout speed from 1.7G/s to 2G/s. This patch further improves the speed to 2.3G/s, so around 15% improvement. It's a multi-process test, so TLB flush isn't the biggest bottleneck before the patches. [arnd@arndb.de: fix it for nommu] [hughd@google.com: add missing unlock] [minchan@kernel.org: get rid of lockdep whinge on sys_swapon] Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'mm')
-rw-r--r--mm/mmap.c2
-rw-r--r--mm/nommu.c2
-rw-r--r--mm/swap_state.c3
-rw-r--r--mm/swapfile.c154
-rw-r--r--mm/vmscan.c8
5 files changed, 116 insertions, 53 deletions
diff --git a/mm/mmap.c b/mm/mmap.c
index 44bb4d869884..28416f6b8dd5 100644
--- a/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/mm/mmap.c
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ int __vm_enough_memory(struct mm_struct *mm, long pages, int cap_sys_admin)
*/
free -= global_page_state(NR_SHMEM);
- free += nr_swap_pages;
+ free += get_nr_swap_pages();
/*
* Any slabs which are created with the
diff --git a/mm/nommu.c b/mm/nommu.c
index 18c1b932e2c4..87854a55829d 100644
--- a/mm/nommu.c
+++ b/mm/nommu.c
@@ -1907,7 +1907,7 @@ int __vm_enough_memory(struct mm_struct *mm, long pages, int cap_sys_admin)
*/
free -= global_page_state(NR_SHMEM);
- free += nr_swap_pages;
+ free += get_nr_swap_pages();
/*
* Any slabs which are created with the
diff --git a/mm/swap_state.c b/mm/swap_state.c
index 8d6644c5d0cc..7efcf1525921 100644
--- a/mm/swap_state.c
+++ b/mm/swap_state.c
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ void show_swap_cache_info(void)
printk("Swap cache stats: add %lu, delete %lu, find %lu/%lu\n",
swap_cache_info.add_total, swap_cache_info.del_total,
swap_cache_info.find_success, swap_cache_info.find_total);
- printk("Free swap = %ldkB\n", nr_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
+ printk("Free swap = %ldkB\n",
+ get_nr_swap_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
printk("Total swap = %lukB\n", total_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
}
diff --git a/mm/swapfile.c b/mm/swapfile.c
index e51864e6fe8b..9b51266413cd 100644
--- a/mm/swapfile.c
+++ b/mm/swapfile.c
@@ -47,9 +47,11 @@ static sector_t map_swap_entry(swp_entry_t, struct block_device**);
DEFINE_SPINLOCK(swap_lock);
static unsigned int nr_swapfiles;
-long nr_swap_pages;
+atomic_long_t nr_swap_pages;
+/* protected with swap_lock. reading in vm_swap_full() doesn't need lock */
long total_swap_pages;
static int least_priority;
+static atomic_t highest_priority_index = ATOMIC_INIT(-1);
static const char Bad_file[] = "Bad swap file entry ";
static const char Unused_file[] = "Unused swap file entry ";
@@ -223,7 +225,7 @@ static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
si->lowest_alloc = si->max;
si->highest_alloc = 0;
}
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
/*
* If seek is expensive, start searching for new cluster from
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@ static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
if (si->swap_map[offset])
last_in_cluster = offset + SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
else if (offset == last_in_cluster) {
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
offset -= SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
si->cluster_next = offset;
si->cluster_nr = SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
@@ -263,7 +265,7 @@ static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
if (si->swap_map[offset])
last_in_cluster = offset + SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
else if (offset == last_in_cluster) {
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
offset -= SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
si->cluster_next = offset;
si->cluster_nr = SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@ static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
}
offset = scan_base;
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
si->cluster_nr = SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
si->lowest_alloc = 0;
}
@@ -293,9 +295,9 @@ checks:
/* reuse swap entry of cache-only swap if not busy. */
if (vm_swap_full() && si->swap_map[offset] == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
int swap_was_freed;
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
swap_was_freed = __try_to_reclaim_swap(si, offset);
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
/* entry was freed successfully, try to use this again */
if (swap_was_freed)
goto checks;
@@ -335,13 +337,13 @@ checks:
si->lowest_alloc <= last_in_cluster)
last_in_cluster = si->lowest_alloc - 1;
si->flags |= SWP_DISCARDING;
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
if (offset < last_in_cluster)
discard_swap_cluster(si, offset,
last_in_cluster - offset + 1);
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
si->lowest_alloc = 0;
si->flags &= ~SWP_DISCARDING;
@@ -355,10 +357,10 @@ checks:
* could defer that delay until swap_writepage,
* but it's easier to keep this self-contained.
*/
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
wait_on_bit(&si->flags, ilog2(SWP_DISCARDING),
wait_for_discard, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
} else {
/*
* Note pages allocated by racing tasks while
@@ -374,14 +376,14 @@ checks:
return offset;
scan:
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
while (++offset <= si->highest_bit) {
if (!si->swap_map[offset]) {
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
goto checks;
}
if (vm_swap_full() && si->swap_map[offset] == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
goto checks;
}
if (unlikely(--latency_ration < 0)) {
@@ -392,11 +394,11 @@ scan:
offset = si->lowest_bit;
while (++offset < scan_base) {
if (!si->swap_map[offset]) {
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
goto checks;
}
if (vm_swap_full() && si->swap_map[offset] == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
goto checks;
}
if (unlikely(--latency_ration < 0)) {
@@ -404,7 +406,7 @@ scan:
latency_ration = LATENCY_LIMIT;
}
}
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
no_page:
si->flags -= SWP_SCANNING;
@@ -417,13 +419,34 @@ swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
pgoff_t offset;
int type, next;
int wrapped = 0;
+ int hp_index;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
- if (nr_swap_pages <= 0)
+ if (atomic_long_read(&nr_swap_pages) <= 0)
goto noswap;
- nr_swap_pages--;
+ atomic_long_dec(&nr_swap_pages);
for (type = swap_list.next; type >= 0 && wrapped < 2; type = next) {
+ hp_index = atomic_xchg(&highest_priority_index, -1);
+ /*
+ * highest_priority_index records current highest priority swap
+ * type which just frees swap entries. If its priority is
+ * higher than that of swap_list.next swap type, we use it. It
+ * isn't protected by swap_lock, so it can be an invalid value
+ * if the corresponding swap type is swapoff. We double check
+ * the flags here. It's even possible the swap type is swapoff
+ * and swapon again and its priority is changed. In such rare
+ * case, low prority swap type might be used, but eventually
+ * high priority swap will be used after several rounds of
+ * swap.
+ */
+ if (hp_index != -1 && hp_index != type &&
+ swap_info[type]->prio < swap_info[hp_index]->prio &&
+ (swap_info[hp_index]->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)) {
+ type = hp_index;
+ swap_list.next = type;
+ }
+
si = swap_info[type];
next = si->next;
if (next < 0 ||
@@ -432,22 +455,29 @@ swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
wrapped++;
}
- if (!si->highest_bit)
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
+ if (!si->highest_bit) {
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
continue;
- if (!(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
+ }
+ if (!(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)) {
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
continue;
+ }
swap_list.next = next;
+
+ spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
/* This is called for allocating swap entry for cache */
offset = scan_swap_map(si, SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
- if (offset) {
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
+ if (offset)
return swp_entry(type, offset);
- }
+ spin_lock(&swap_lock);
next = swap_list.next;
}
- nr_swap_pages++;
+ atomic_long_inc(&nr_swap_pages);
noswap:
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return (swp_entry_t) {0};
@@ -459,19 +489,19 @@ swp_entry_t get_swap_page_of_type(int type)
struct swap_info_struct *si;
pgoff_t offset;
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
si = swap_info[type];
+ spin_lock(&si->lock);
if (si && (si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)) {
- nr_swap_pages--;
+ atomic_long_dec(&nr_swap_pages);
/* This is called for allocating swap entry, not cache */
offset = scan_swap_map(si, 1);
if (offset) {
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
return swp_entry(type, offset);
}
- nr_swap_pages++;
+ atomic_long_inc(&nr_swap_pages);
}
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
return (swp_entry_t) {0};
}
@@ -493,7 +523,7 @@ static struct swap_info_struct *swap_info_get(swp_entry_t entry)
goto bad_offset;
if (!p->swap_map[offset])
goto bad_free;
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&p->lock);
return p;
bad_free:
@@ -511,6 +541,27 @@ out:
return NULL;
}
+/*
+ * This swap type frees swap entry, check if it is the highest priority swap
+ * type which just frees swap entry. get_swap_page() uses
+ * highest_priority_index to search highest priority swap type. The
+ * swap_info_struct.lock can't protect us if there are multiple swap types
+ * active, so we use atomic_cmpxchg.
+ */
+static void set_highest_priority_index(int type)
+{
+ int old_hp_index, new_hp_index;
+
+ do {
+ old_hp_index = atomic_read(&highest_priority_index);
+ if (old_hp_index != -1 &&
+ swap_info[old_hp_index]->prio >= swap_info[type]->prio)
+ break;
+ new_hp_index = type;
+ } while (atomic_cmpxchg(&highest_priority_index,
+ old_hp_index, new_hp_index) != old_hp_index);
+}
+
static unsigned char swap_entry_free(struct swap_info_struct *p,
swp_entry_t entry, unsigned char usage)
{
@@ -553,10 +604,8 @@ static unsigned char swap_entry_free(struct swap_info_struct *p,
p->lowest_bit = offset;
if (offset > p->highest_bit)
p->highest_bit = offset;
- if (swap_list.next >= 0 &&
- p->prio > swap_info[swap_list.next]->prio)
- swap_list.next = p->type;
- nr_swap_pages++;
+ set_highest_priority_index(p->type);
+ atomic_long_inc(&nr_swap_pages);
p->inuse_pages--;
frontswap_invalidate_page(p->type, offset);
if (p->flags & SWP_BLKDEV) {
@@ -581,7 +630,7 @@ void swap_free(swp_entry_t entry)
p = swap_info_get(entry);
if (p) {
swap_entry_free(p, entry, 1);
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
}
}
@@ -598,7 +647,7 @@ void swapcache_free(swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
count = swap_entry_free(p, entry, SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
if (page)
mem_cgroup_uncharge_swapcache(page, entry, count != 0);
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
}
}
@@ -617,7 +666,7 @@ int page_swapcount(struct page *page)
p = swap_info_get(entry);
if (p) {
count = swap_count(p->swap_map[swp_offset(entry)]);
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
}
return count;
}
@@ -706,7 +755,7 @@ int free_swap_and_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
page = NULL;
}
}
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
}
if (page) {
/*
@@ -804,11 +853,13 @@ unsigned int count_swap_pages(int type, int free)
if ((unsigned int)type < nr_swapfiles) {
struct swap_info_struct *sis = swap_info[type];
+ spin_lock(&sis->lock);
if (sis->flags & SWP_WRITEOK) {
n = sis->pages;
if (free)
n -= sis->inuse_pages;
}
+ spin_unlock(&sis->lock);
}
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return n;
@@ -1457,7 +1508,7 @@ static void _enable_swap_info(struct swap_info_struct *p, int prio,
p->swap_map = swap_map;
frontswap_map_set(p, frontswap_map);
p->flags |= SWP_WRITEOK;
- nr_swap_pages += p->pages;
+ atomic_long_add(p->pages, &nr_swap_pages);
total_swap_pages += p->pages;
/* insert swap space into swap_list: */
@@ -1479,15 +1530,19 @@ static void enable_swap_info(struct swap_info_struct *p, int prio,
unsigned long *frontswap_map)
{
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&p->lock);
_enable_swap_info(p, prio, swap_map, frontswap_map);
frontswap_init(p->type);
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
static void reinsert_swap_info(struct swap_info_struct *p)
{
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&p->lock);
_enable_swap_info(p, p->prio, p->swap_map, frontswap_map_get(p));
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
@@ -1547,14 +1602,16 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE1(swapoff, const char __user *, specialfile)
/* just pick something that's safe... */
swap_list.next = swap_list.head;
}
+ spin_lock(&p->lock);
if (p->prio < 0) {
for (i = p->next; i >= 0; i = swap_info[i]->next)
swap_info[i]->prio = p->prio--;
least_priority++;
}
- nr_swap_pages -= p->pages;
+ atomic_long_sub(p->pages, &nr_swap_pages);
total_swap_pages -= p->pages;
p->flags &= ~SWP_WRITEOK;
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
set_current_oom_origin();
@@ -1573,14 +1630,17 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE1(swapoff, const char __user *, specialfile)
mutex_lock(&swapon_mutex);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&p->lock);
drain_mmlist();
/* wait for anyone still in scan_swap_map */
p->highest_bit = 0; /* cuts scans short */
while (p->flags >= SWP_SCANNING) {
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&p->lock);
}
swap_file = p->swap_file;
@@ -1590,6 +1650,7 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE1(swapoff, const char __user *, specialfile)
p->swap_map = NULL;
p->flags = 0;
frontswap_invalidate_area(type);
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
mutex_unlock(&swapon_mutex);
vfree(swap_map);
@@ -1795,6 +1856,7 @@ static struct swap_info_struct *alloc_swap_info(void)
p->flags = SWP_USED;
p->next = -1;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock_init(&p->lock);
return p;
}
@@ -2117,7 +2179,7 @@ void si_swapinfo(struct sysinfo *val)
if ((si->flags & SWP_USED) && !(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
nr_to_be_unused += si->inuse_pages;
}
- val->freeswap = nr_swap_pages + nr_to_be_unused;
+ val->freeswap = atomic_long_read(&nr_swap_pages) + nr_to_be_unused;
val->totalswap = total_swap_pages + nr_to_be_unused;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
@@ -2150,7 +2212,7 @@ static int __swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned char usage)
p = swap_info[type];
offset = swp_offset(entry);
- spin_lock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_lock(&p->lock);
if (unlikely(offset >= p->max))
goto unlock_out;
@@ -2185,7 +2247,7 @@ static int __swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned char usage)
p->swap_map[offset] = count | has_cache;
unlock_out:
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&p->lock);
out:
return err;
@@ -2310,7 +2372,7 @@ int add_swap_count_continuation(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
}
if (!page) {
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
return -ENOMEM;
}
@@ -2358,7 +2420,7 @@ int add_swap_count_continuation(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
list_add_tail(&page->lru, &head->lru);
page = NULL; /* now it's attached, don't free it */
out:
- spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
+ spin_unlock(&si->lock);
outer:
if (page)
__free_page(page);
diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
index a68fa20269d9..b7d8015a6d54 100644
--- a/mm/vmscan.c
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -1684,7 +1684,7 @@ static void get_scan_count(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct scan_control *sc,
force_scan = true;
/* If we have no swap space, do not bother scanning anon pages. */
- if (!sc->may_swap || (nr_swap_pages <= 0)) {
+ if (!sc->may_swap || (get_nr_swap_pages() <= 0)) {
scan_balance = SCAN_FILE;
goto out;
}
@@ -1933,7 +1933,7 @@ static inline bool should_continue_reclaim(struct zone *zone,
*/
pages_for_compaction = (2UL << sc->order);
inactive_lru_pages = zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE_FILE);
- if (nr_swap_pages > 0)
+ if (get_nr_swap_pages() > 0)
inactive_lru_pages += zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE_ANON);
if (sc->nr_reclaimed < pages_for_compaction &&
inactive_lru_pages > pages_for_compaction)
@@ -3085,7 +3085,7 @@ unsigned long global_reclaimable_pages(void)
nr = global_page_state(NR_ACTIVE_FILE) +
global_page_state(NR_INACTIVE_FILE);
- if (nr_swap_pages > 0)
+ if (get_nr_swap_pages() > 0)
nr += global_page_state(NR_ACTIVE_ANON) +
global_page_state(NR_INACTIVE_ANON);
@@ -3099,7 +3099,7 @@ unsigned long zone_reclaimable_pages(struct zone *zone)
nr = zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE_FILE) +
zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE_FILE);
- if (nr_swap_pages > 0)
+ if (get_nr_swap_pages() > 0)
nr += zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE_ANON) +
zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE_ANON);