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author | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> | 2019-09-28 08:14:15 -0700 |
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committer | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> | 2019-09-28 08:14:15 -0700 |
commit | aefcf2f4b58155d27340ba5f9ddbe9513da8286d (patch) | |
tree | a8ae994ca71b2e43e3075c796165e5ed62e28e42 /security | |
parent | f1f2f614d535564992f32e720739cb53cf03489f (diff) | |
parent | 45893a0abee6b5fd52994a3a1095735aeaec472b (diff) | |
download | linux-aefcf2f4b58155d27340ba5f9ddbe9513da8286d.tar.gz linux-aefcf2f4b58155d27340ba5f9ddbe9513da8286d.tar.bz2 linux-aefcf2f4b58155d27340ba5f9ddbe9513da8286d.zip |
Merge branch 'next-lockdown' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security
Pull kernel lockdown mode from James Morris:
"This is the latest iteration of the kernel lockdown patchset, from
Matthew Garrett, David Howells and others.
From the original description:
This patchset introduces an optional kernel lockdown feature,
intended to strengthen the boundary between UID 0 and the kernel.
When enabled, various pieces of kernel functionality are restricted.
Applications that rely on low-level access to either hardware or the
kernel may cease working as a result - therefore this should not be
enabled without appropriate evaluation beforehand.
The majority of mainstream distributions have been carrying variants
of this patchset for many years now, so there's value in providing a
doesn't meet every distribution requirement, but gets us much closer
to not requiring external patches.
There are two major changes since this was last proposed for mainline:
- Separating lockdown from EFI secure boot. Background discussion is
covered here: https://lwn.net/Articles/751061/
- Implementation as an LSM, with a default stackable lockdown LSM
module. This allows the lockdown feature to be policy-driven,
rather than encoding an implicit policy within the mechanism.
The new locked_down LSM hook is provided to allow LSMs to make a
policy decision around whether kernel functionality that would allow
tampering with or examining the runtime state of the kernel should be
permitted.
The included lockdown LSM provides an implementation with a simple
policy intended for general purpose use. This policy provides a coarse
level of granularity, controllable via the kernel command line:
lockdown={integrity|confidentiality}
Enable the kernel lockdown feature. If set to integrity, kernel features
that allow userland to modify the running kernel are disabled. If set to
confidentiality, kernel features that allow userland to extract
confidential information from the kernel are also disabled.
This may also be controlled via /sys/kernel/security/lockdown and
overriden by kernel configuration.
New or existing LSMs may implement finer-grained controls of the
lockdown features. Refer to the lockdown_reason documentation in
include/linux/security.h for details.
The lockdown feature has had signficant design feedback and review
across many subsystems. This code has been in linux-next for some
weeks, with a few fixes applied along the way.
Stephen Rothwell noted that commit 9d1f8be5cf42 ("bpf: Restrict bpf
when kernel lockdown is in confidentiality mode") is missing a
Signed-off-by from its author. Matthew responded that he is providing
this under category (c) of the DCO"
* 'next-lockdown' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (31 commits)
kexec: Fix file verification on S390
security: constify some arrays in lockdown LSM
lockdown: Print current->comm in restriction messages
efi: Restrict efivar_ssdt_load when the kernel is locked down
tracefs: Restrict tracefs when the kernel is locked down
debugfs: Restrict debugfs when the kernel is locked down
kexec: Allow kexec_file() with appropriate IMA policy when locked down
lockdown: Lock down perf when in confidentiality mode
bpf: Restrict bpf when kernel lockdown is in confidentiality mode
lockdown: Lock down tracing and perf kprobes when in confidentiality mode
lockdown: Lock down /proc/kcore
x86/mmiotrace: Lock down the testmmiotrace module
lockdown: Lock down module params that specify hardware parameters (eg. ioport)
lockdown: Lock down TIOCSSERIAL
lockdown: Prohibit PCMCIA CIS storage when the kernel is locked down
acpi: Disable ACPI table override if the kernel is locked down
acpi: Ignore acpi_rsdp kernel param when the kernel has been locked down
ACPI: Limit access to custom_method when the kernel is locked down
x86/msr: Restrict MSR access when the kernel is locked down
x86: Lock down IO port access when the kernel is locked down
...
Diffstat (limited to 'security')
-rw-r--r-- | security/Kconfig | 11 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | security/Makefile | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | security/integrity/ima/Kconfig | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | security/integrity/ima/ima.h | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | security/integrity/ima/ima_main.c | 4 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | security/integrity/ima/ima_policy.c | 50 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | security/lockdown/Kconfig | 47 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | security/lockdown/Makefile | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | security/lockdown/lockdown.c | 191 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | security/security.c | 56 |
10 files changed, 350 insertions, 16 deletions
diff --git a/security/Kconfig b/security/Kconfig index 0d65594b5196..2a1a2d396228 100644 --- a/security/Kconfig +++ b/security/Kconfig @@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ source "security/apparmor/Kconfig" source "security/loadpin/Kconfig" source "security/yama/Kconfig" source "security/safesetid/Kconfig" +source "security/lockdown/Kconfig" source "security/integrity/Kconfig" @@ -276,11 +277,11 @@ endchoice config LSM string "Ordered list of enabled LSMs" - default "yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,smack,selinux,tomoyo,apparmor" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_SMACK - default "yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,apparmor,selinux,smack,tomoyo" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_APPARMOR - default "yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,tomoyo" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_TOMOYO - default "yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_DAC - default "yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,selinux,smack,tomoyo,apparmor" + default "lockdown,yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,smack,selinux,tomoyo,apparmor" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_SMACK + default "lockdown,yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,apparmor,selinux,smack,tomoyo" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_APPARMOR + default "lockdown,yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,tomoyo" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_TOMOYO + default "lockdown,yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_DAC + default "lockdown,yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,selinux,smack,tomoyo,apparmor" help A comma-separated list of LSMs, in initialization order. Any LSMs left off this list will be ignored. This can be diff --git a/security/Makefile b/security/Makefile index c598b904938f..be1dd9d2cb2f 100644 --- a/security/Makefile +++ b/security/Makefile @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR) += apparmor subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA) += yama subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LOADPIN) += loadpin subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SAFESETID) += safesetid +subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM) += lockdown # always enable default capabilities obj-y += commoncap.o @@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR) += apparmor/ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA) += yama/ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LOADPIN) += loadpin/ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SAFESETID) += safesetid/ +obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM) += lockdown/ obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE) += device_cgroup.o # Object integrity file lists diff --git a/security/integrity/ima/Kconfig b/security/integrity/ima/Kconfig index 897bafc59a33..838476d780e5 100644 --- a/security/integrity/ima/Kconfig +++ b/security/integrity/ima/Kconfig @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ config IMA_APPRAISE config IMA_ARCH_POLICY bool "Enable loading an IMA architecture specific policy" - depends on (KEXEC_VERIFY_SIG && IMA) || IMA_APPRAISE \ + depends on (KEXEC_SIG && IMA) || IMA_APPRAISE \ && INTEGRITY_ASYMMETRIC_KEYS default n help diff --git a/security/integrity/ima/ima.h b/security/integrity/ima/ima.h index 19769bf5f6ab..3689081aaf38 100644 --- a/security/integrity/ima/ima.h +++ b/security/integrity/ima/ima.h @@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ struct ima_kexec_hdr { u64 count; }; +extern const int read_idmap[]; + #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_IMA_KEXEC void ima_load_kexec_buffer(void); #else diff --git a/security/integrity/ima/ima_main.c b/security/integrity/ima/ima_main.c index 79c01516211b..60027c643ecd 100644 --- a/security/integrity/ima/ima_main.c +++ b/security/integrity/ima/ima_main.c @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ int ima_read_file(struct file *file, enum kernel_read_file_id read_id) return 0; } -static const int read_idmap[READING_MAX_ID] = { +const int read_idmap[READING_MAX_ID] = { [READING_FIRMWARE] = FIRMWARE_CHECK, [READING_FIRMWARE_PREALLOC_BUFFER] = FIRMWARE_CHECK, [READING_MODULE] = MODULE_CHECK, @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ int ima_load_data(enum kernel_load_data_id id) switch (id) { case LOADING_KEXEC_IMAGE: - if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_VERIFY_SIG) + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_SIG) && arch_ima_get_secureboot()) { pr_err("impossible to appraise a kernel image without a file descriptor; try using kexec_file_load syscall.\n"); return -EACCES; diff --git a/security/integrity/ima/ima_policy.c b/security/integrity/ima/ima_policy.c index 4badc4fcda98..5380aca2b351 100644 --- a/security/integrity/ima/ima_policy.c +++ b/security/integrity/ima/ima_policy.c @@ -1507,3 +1507,53 @@ int ima_policy_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) return 0; } #endif /* CONFIG_IMA_READ_POLICY */ + +#if defined(CONFIG_IMA_APPRAISE) && defined(CONFIG_INTEGRITY_TRUSTED_KEYRING) +/* + * ima_appraise_signature: whether IMA will appraise a given function using + * an IMA digital signature. This is restricted to cases where the kernel + * has a set of built-in trusted keys in order to avoid an attacker simply + * loading additional keys. + */ +bool ima_appraise_signature(enum kernel_read_file_id id) +{ + struct ima_rule_entry *entry; + bool found = false; + enum ima_hooks func; + + if (id >= READING_MAX_ID) + return false; + + func = read_idmap[id] ?: FILE_CHECK; + + rcu_read_lock(); + list_for_each_entry_rcu(entry, ima_rules, list) { + if (entry->action != APPRAISE) + continue; + + /* + * A generic entry will match, but otherwise require that it + * match the func we're looking for + */ + if (entry->func && entry->func != func) + continue; + + /* + * We require this to be a digital signature, not a raw IMA + * hash. + */ + if (entry->flags & IMA_DIGSIG_REQUIRED) + found = true; + + /* + * We've found a rule that matches, so break now even if it + * didn't require a digital signature - a later rule that does + * won't override it, so would be a false positive. + */ + break; + } + + rcu_read_unlock(); + return found; +} +#endif /* CONFIG_IMA_APPRAISE && CONFIG_INTEGRITY_TRUSTED_KEYRING */ diff --git a/security/lockdown/Kconfig b/security/lockdown/Kconfig new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e84ddf484010 --- /dev/null +++ b/security/lockdown/Kconfig @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +config SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM + bool "Basic module for enforcing kernel lockdown" + depends on SECURITY + select MODULE_SIG if MODULES + help + Build support for an LSM that enforces a coarse kernel lockdown + behaviour. + +config SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM_EARLY + bool "Enable lockdown LSM early in init" + depends on SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM + help + Enable the lockdown LSM early in boot. This is necessary in order + to ensure that lockdown enforcement can be carried out on kernel + boot parameters that are otherwise parsed before the security + subsystem is fully initialised. If enabled, lockdown will + unconditionally be called before any other LSMs. + +choice + prompt "Kernel default lockdown mode" + default LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_NONE + depends on SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM + help + The kernel can be configured to default to differing levels of + lockdown. + +config LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_NONE + bool "None" + help + No lockdown functionality is enabled by default. Lockdown may be + enabled via the kernel commandline or /sys/kernel/security/lockdown. + +config LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_INTEGRITY + bool "Integrity" + help + The kernel runs in integrity mode by default. Features that allow + the kernel to be modified at runtime are disabled. + +config LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_CONFIDENTIALITY + bool "Confidentiality" + help + The kernel runs in confidentiality mode by default. Features that + allow the kernel to be modified at runtime or that permit userland + code to read confidential material held inside the kernel are + disabled. + +endchoice diff --git a/security/lockdown/Makefile b/security/lockdown/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e3634b9017e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/security/lockdown/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM) += lockdown.o diff --git a/security/lockdown/lockdown.c b/security/lockdown/lockdown.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8a10b43daf74 --- /dev/null +++ b/security/lockdown/lockdown.c @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +/* Lock down the kernel + * + * Copyright (C) 2016 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved. + * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com) + * + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence + * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version + * 2 of the Licence, or (at your option) any later version. + */ + +#include <linux/security.h> +#include <linux/export.h> +#include <linux/lsm_hooks.h> + +static enum lockdown_reason kernel_locked_down; + +static const char *const lockdown_reasons[LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX+1] = { + [LOCKDOWN_NONE] = "none", + [LOCKDOWN_MODULE_SIGNATURE] = "unsigned module loading", + [LOCKDOWN_DEV_MEM] = "/dev/mem,kmem,port", + [LOCKDOWN_KEXEC] = "kexec of unsigned images", + [LOCKDOWN_HIBERNATION] = "hibernation", + [LOCKDOWN_PCI_ACCESS] = "direct PCI access", + [LOCKDOWN_IOPORT] = "raw io port access", + [LOCKDOWN_MSR] = "raw MSR access", + [LOCKDOWN_ACPI_TABLES] = "modifying ACPI tables", + [LOCKDOWN_PCMCIA_CIS] = "direct PCMCIA CIS storage", + [LOCKDOWN_TIOCSSERIAL] = "reconfiguration of serial port IO", + [LOCKDOWN_MODULE_PARAMETERS] = "unsafe module parameters", + [LOCKDOWN_MMIOTRACE] = "unsafe mmio", + [LOCKDOWN_DEBUGFS] = "debugfs access", + [LOCKDOWN_INTEGRITY_MAX] = "integrity", + [LOCKDOWN_KCORE] = "/proc/kcore access", + [LOCKDOWN_KPROBES] = "use of kprobes", + [LOCKDOWN_BPF_READ] = "use of bpf to read kernel RAM", + [LOCKDOWN_PERF] = "unsafe use of perf", + [LOCKDOWN_TRACEFS] = "use of tracefs", + [LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX] = "confidentiality", +}; + +static const enum lockdown_reason lockdown_levels[] = {LOCKDOWN_NONE, + LOCKDOWN_INTEGRITY_MAX, + LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX}; + +/* + * Put the kernel into lock-down mode. + */ +static int lock_kernel_down(const char *where, enum lockdown_reason level) +{ + if (kernel_locked_down >= level) + return -EPERM; + + kernel_locked_down = level; + pr_notice("Kernel is locked down from %s; see man kernel_lockdown.7\n", + where); + return 0; +} + +static int __init lockdown_param(char *level) +{ + if (!level) + return -EINVAL; + + if (strcmp(level, "integrity") == 0) + lock_kernel_down("command line", LOCKDOWN_INTEGRITY_MAX); + else if (strcmp(level, "confidentiality") == 0) + lock_kernel_down("command line", LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX); + else + return -EINVAL; + + return 0; +} + +early_param("lockdown", lockdown_param); + +/** + * lockdown_is_locked_down - Find out if the kernel is locked down + * @what: Tag to use in notice generated if lockdown is in effect + */ +static int lockdown_is_locked_down(enum lockdown_reason what) +{ + if (WARN(what >= LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX, + "Invalid lockdown reason")) + return -EPERM; + + if (kernel_locked_down >= what) { + if (lockdown_reasons[what]) + pr_notice("Lockdown: %s: %s is restricted; see man kernel_lockdown.7\n", + current->comm, lockdown_reasons[what]); + return -EPERM; + } + + return 0; +} + +static struct security_hook_list lockdown_hooks[] __lsm_ro_after_init = { + LSM_HOOK_INIT(locked_down, lockdown_is_locked_down), +}; + +static int __init lockdown_lsm_init(void) +{ +#if defined(CONFIG_LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_INTEGRITY) + lock_kernel_down("Kernel configuration", LOCKDOWN_INTEGRITY_MAX); +#elif defined(CONFIG_LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_CONFIDENTIALITY) + lock_kernel_down("Kernel configuration", LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX); +#endif + security_add_hooks(lockdown_hooks, ARRAY_SIZE(lockdown_hooks), + "lockdown"); + return 0; +} + +static ssize_t lockdown_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, + loff_t *ppos) +{ + char temp[80]; + int i, offset = 0; + + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lockdown_levels); i++) { + enum lockdown_reason level = lockdown_levels[i]; + + if (lockdown_reasons[level]) { + const char *label = lockdown_reasons[level]; + + if (kernel_locked_down == level) + offset += sprintf(temp+offset, "[%s] ", label); + else + offset += sprintf(temp+offset, "%s ", label); + } + } + + /* Convert the last space to a newline if needed. */ + if (offset > 0) + temp[offset-1] = '\n'; + + return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, temp, strlen(temp)); +} + +static ssize_t lockdown_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, + size_t n, loff_t *ppos) +{ + char *state; + int i, len, err = -EINVAL; + + state = memdup_user_nul(buf, n); + if (IS_ERR(state)) + return PTR_ERR(state); + + len = strlen(state); + if (len && state[len-1] == '\n') { + state[len-1] = '\0'; + len--; + } + + for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lockdown_levels); i++) { + enum lockdown_reason level = lockdown_levels[i]; + const char *label = lockdown_reasons[level]; + + if (label && !strcmp(state, label)) + err = lock_kernel_down("securityfs", level); + } + + kfree(state); + return err ? err : n; +} + +static const struct file_operations lockdown_ops = { + .read = lockdown_read, + .write = lockdown_write, +}; + +static int __init lockdown_secfs_init(void) +{ + struct dentry *dentry; + + dentry = securityfs_create_file("lockdown", 0600, NULL, NULL, + &lockdown_ops); + return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(dentry); +} + +core_initcall(lockdown_secfs_init); + +#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM_EARLY +DEFINE_EARLY_LSM(lockdown) = { +#else +DEFINE_LSM(lockdown) = { +#endif + .name = "lockdown", + .init = lockdown_lsm_init, +}; diff --git a/security/security.c b/security/security.c index 25ee5c75551f..1bc000f834e2 100644 --- a/security/security.c +++ b/security/security.c @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ /* How many LSMs were built into the kernel? */ #define LSM_COUNT (__end_lsm_info - __start_lsm_info) +#define EARLY_LSM_COUNT (__end_early_lsm_info - __start_early_lsm_info) struct security_hook_heads security_hook_heads __lsm_ro_after_init; static BLOCKING_NOTIFIER_HEAD(blocking_lsm_notifier_chain); @@ -277,6 +278,8 @@ static void __init ordered_lsm_parse(const char *order, const char *origin) static void __init lsm_early_cred(struct cred *cred); static void __init lsm_early_task(struct task_struct *task); +static int lsm_append(const char *new, char **result); + static void __init ordered_lsm_init(void) { struct lsm_info **lsm; @@ -323,6 +326,26 @@ static void __init ordered_lsm_init(void) kfree(ordered_lsms); } +int __init early_security_init(void) +{ + int i; + struct hlist_head *list = (struct hlist_head *) &security_hook_heads; + struct lsm_info *lsm; + + for (i = 0; i < sizeof(security_hook_heads) / sizeof(struct hlist_head); + i++) + INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&list[i]); + + for (lsm = __start_early_lsm_info; lsm < __end_early_lsm_info; lsm++) { + if (!lsm->enabled) + lsm->enabled = &lsm_enabled_true; + prepare_lsm(lsm); + initialize_lsm(lsm); + } + + return 0; +} + /** * security_init - initializes the security framework * @@ -330,14 +353,18 @@ static void __init ordered_lsm_init(void) */ int __init security_init(void) { - int i; - struct hlist_head *list = (struct hlist_head *) &security_hook_heads; + struct lsm_info *lsm; pr_info("Security Framework initializing\n"); - for (i = 0; i < sizeof(security_hook_heads) / sizeof(struct hlist_head); - i++) - INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&list[i]); + /* + * Append the names of the early LSM modules now that kmalloc() is + * available + */ + for (lsm = __start_early_lsm_info; lsm < __end_early_lsm_info; lsm++) { + if (lsm->enabled) + lsm_append(lsm->name, &lsm_names); + } /* Load LSMs in specified order. */ ordered_lsm_init(); @@ -384,7 +411,7 @@ static bool match_last_lsm(const char *list, const char *lsm) return !strcmp(last, lsm); } -static int lsm_append(char *new, char **result) +static int lsm_append(const char *new, char **result) { char *cp; @@ -422,8 +449,15 @@ void __init security_add_hooks(struct security_hook_list *hooks, int count, hooks[i].lsm = lsm; hlist_add_tail_rcu(&hooks[i].list, hooks[i].head); } - if (lsm_append(lsm, &lsm_names) < 0) - panic("%s - Cannot get early memory.\n", __func__); + + /* + * Don't try to append during early_security_init(), we'll come back + * and fix this up afterwards. + */ + if (slab_is_available()) { + if (lsm_append(lsm, &lsm_names) < 0) + panic("%s - Cannot get early memory.\n", __func__); + } } int call_blocking_lsm_notifier(enum lsm_event event, void *data) @@ -2364,3 +2398,9 @@ void security_bpf_prog_free(struct bpf_prog_aux *aux) call_void_hook(bpf_prog_free_security, aux); } #endif /* CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL */ + +int security_locked_down(enum lockdown_reason what) +{ + return call_int_hook(locked_down, 0, what); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(security_locked_down); |