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path: root/drivers/tty/serial/sprd_serial.c
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Diffstat (limited to 'drivers/tty/serial/sprd_serial.c')
-rw-r--r--drivers/tty/serial/sprd_serial.c501
1 files changed, 483 insertions, 18 deletions
diff --git a/drivers/tty/serial/sprd_serial.c b/drivers/tty/serial/sprd_serial.c
index 1891a45ac05d..73d71a4e6c0c 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/serial/sprd_serial.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/serial/sprd_serial.c
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <linux/console.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/dmaengine.h>
+#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
+#include <linux/dma/sprd-dma.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
@@ -75,6 +78,7 @@
/* control register 1 */
#define SPRD_CTL1 0x001C
+#define SPRD_DMA_EN BIT(15)
#define RX_HW_FLOW_CTL_THLD BIT(6)
#define RX_HW_FLOW_CTL_EN BIT(7)
#define TX_HW_FLOW_CTL_EN BIT(8)
@@ -86,6 +90,7 @@
#define THLD_TX_EMPTY 0x40
#define THLD_TX_EMPTY_SHIFT 8
#define THLD_RX_FULL 0x40
+#define THLD_RX_FULL_MASK GENMASK(6, 0)
/* config baud rate register */
#define SPRD_CLKD0 0x0024
@@ -100,15 +105,38 @@
#define SPRD_IMSR_TX_FIFO_EMPTY BIT(1)
#define SPRD_IMSR_BREAK_DETECT BIT(7)
#define SPRD_IMSR_TIMEOUT BIT(13)
+#define SPRD_DEFAULT_SOURCE_CLK 26000000
+
+#define SPRD_RX_DMA_STEP 1
+#define SPRD_RX_FIFO_FULL 1
+#define SPRD_TX_FIFO_FULL 0x20
+#define SPRD_UART_RX_SIZE (UART_XMIT_SIZE / 4)
+
+struct sprd_uart_dma {
+ struct dma_chan *chn;
+ unsigned char *virt;
+ dma_addr_t phys_addr;
+ dma_cookie_t cookie;
+ u32 trans_len;
+ bool enable;
+};
struct sprd_uart_port {
struct uart_port port;
char name[16];
+ struct clk *clk;
+ struct sprd_uart_dma tx_dma;
+ struct sprd_uart_dma rx_dma;
+ dma_addr_t pos;
+ unsigned char *rx_buf_tail;
};
static struct sprd_uart_port *sprd_port[UART_NR_MAX];
static int sprd_ports_num;
+static int sprd_start_dma_rx(struct uart_port *port);
+static int sprd_tx_dma_config(struct uart_port *port);
+
static inline unsigned int serial_in(struct uart_port *port,
unsigned int offset)
{
@@ -139,45 +167,389 @@ static void sprd_set_mctrl(struct uart_port *port, unsigned int mctrl)
/* nothing to do */
}
-static void sprd_stop_tx(struct uart_port *port)
+static void sprd_stop_rx(struct uart_port *port)
{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
unsigned int ien, iclr;
+ if (sp->rx_dma.enable)
+ dmaengine_terminate_all(sp->rx_dma.chn);
+
iclr = serial_in(port, SPRD_ICLR);
ien = serial_in(port, SPRD_IEN);
- iclr |= SPRD_IEN_TX_EMPTY;
- ien &= ~SPRD_IEN_TX_EMPTY;
+ ien &= ~(SPRD_IEN_RX_FULL | SPRD_IEN_BREAK_DETECT);
+ iclr |= SPRD_IEN_RX_FULL | SPRD_IEN_BREAK_DETECT;
- serial_out(port, SPRD_ICLR, iclr);
serial_out(port, SPRD_IEN, ien);
+ serial_out(port, SPRD_ICLR, iclr);
}
-static void sprd_start_tx(struct uart_port *port)
+static void sprd_uart_dma_enable(struct uart_port *port, bool enable)
{
- unsigned int ien;
+ u32 val = serial_in(port, SPRD_CTL1);
- ien = serial_in(port, SPRD_IEN);
- if (!(ien & SPRD_IEN_TX_EMPTY)) {
- ien |= SPRD_IEN_TX_EMPTY;
- serial_out(port, SPRD_IEN, ien);
+ if (enable)
+ val |= SPRD_DMA_EN;
+ else
+ val &= ~SPRD_DMA_EN;
+
+ serial_out(port, SPRD_CTL1, val);
+}
+
+static void sprd_stop_tx_dma(struct uart_port *port)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+ struct circ_buf *xmit = &port->state->xmit;
+ struct dma_tx_state state;
+ u32 trans_len;
+
+ dmaengine_pause(sp->tx_dma.chn);
+
+ dmaengine_tx_status(sp->tx_dma.chn, sp->tx_dma.cookie, &state);
+ if (state.residue) {
+ trans_len = state.residue - sp->tx_dma.phys_addr;
+ xmit->tail = (xmit->tail + trans_len) & (UART_XMIT_SIZE - 1);
+ port->icount.tx += trans_len;
+ dma_unmap_single(port->dev, sp->tx_dma.phys_addr,
+ sp->tx_dma.trans_len, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
}
+
+ dmaengine_terminate_all(sp->tx_dma.chn);
+ sp->tx_dma.trans_len = 0;
}
-static void sprd_stop_rx(struct uart_port *port)
+static int sprd_tx_buf_remap(struct uart_port *port)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+ struct circ_buf *xmit = &port->state->xmit;
+
+ sp->tx_dma.trans_len =
+ CIRC_CNT_TO_END(xmit->head, xmit->tail, UART_XMIT_SIZE);
+
+ sp->tx_dma.phys_addr = dma_map_single(port->dev,
+ (void *)&(xmit->buf[xmit->tail]),
+ sp->tx_dma.trans_len,
+ DMA_TO_DEVICE);
+ return dma_mapping_error(port->dev, sp->tx_dma.phys_addr);
+}
+
+static void sprd_complete_tx_dma(void *data)
+{
+ struct uart_port *port = (struct uart_port *)data;
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+ struct circ_buf *xmit = &port->state->xmit;
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&port->lock, flags);
+ dma_unmap_single(port->dev, sp->tx_dma.phys_addr,
+ sp->tx_dma.trans_len, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
+
+ xmit->tail = (xmit->tail + sp->tx_dma.trans_len) & (UART_XMIT_SIZE - 1);
+ port->icount.tx += sp->tx_dma.trans_len;
+
+ if (uart_circ_chars_pending(xmit) < WAKEUP_CHARS)
+ uart_write_wakeup(port);
+
+ if (uart_circ_empty(xmit) || sprd_tx_buf_remap(port) ||
+ sprd_tx_dma_config(port))
+ sp->tx_dma.trans_len = 0;
+
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&port->lock, flags);
+}
+
+static int sprd_uart_dma_submit(struct uart_port *port,
+ struct sprd_uart_dma *ud, u32 trans_len,
+ enum dma_transfer_direction direction,
+ dma_async_tx_callback callback)
+{
+ struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *dma_des;
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ flags = SPRD_DMA_FLAGS(SPRD_DMA_CHN_MODE_NONE,
+ SPRD_DMA_NO_TRG,
+ SPRD_DMA_FRAG_REQ,
+ SPRD_DMA_TRANS_INT);
+
+ dma_des = dmaengine_prep_slave_single(ud->chn, ud->phys_addr, trans_len,
+ direction, flags);
+ if (!dma_des)
+ return -ENODEV;
+
+ dma_des->callback = callback;
+ dma_des->callback_param = port;
+
+ ud->cookie = dmaengine_submit(dma_des);
+ if (dma_submit_error(ud->cookie))
+ return dma_submit_error(ud->cookie);
+
+ dma_async_issue_pending(ud->chn);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int sprd_tx_dma_config(struct uart_port *port)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+ u32 burst = sp->tx_dma.trans_len > SPRD_TX_FIFO_FULL ?
+ SPRD_TX_FIFO_FULL : sp->tx_dma.trans_len;
+ int ret;
+ struct dma_slave_config cfg = {
+ .dst_addr = port->mapbase + SPRD_TXD,
+ .src_addr_width = DMA_SLAVE_BUSWIDTH_1_BYTE,
+ .dst_addr_width = DMA_SLAVE_BUSWIDTH_1_BYTE,
+ .src_maxburst = burst,
+ };
+
+ ret = dmaengine_slave_config(sp->tx_dma.chn, &cfg);
+ if (ret < 0)
+ return ret;
+
+ return sprd_uart_dma_submit(port, &sp->tx_dma, sp->tx_dma.trans_len,
+ DMA_MEM_TO_DEV, sprd_complete_tx_dma);
+}
+
+static void sprd_start_tx_dma(struct uart_port *port)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+ struct circ_buf *xmit = &port->state->xmit;
+
+ if (port->x_char) {
+ serial_out(port, SPRD_TXD, port->x_char);
+ port->icount.tx++;
+ port->x_char = 0;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (uart_circ_empty(xmit) || uart_tx_stopped(port)) {
+ sprd_stop_tx_dma(port);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (sp->tx_dma.trans_len)
+ return;
+
+ if (sprd_tx_buf_remap(port) || sprd_tx_dma_config(port))
+ sp->tx_dma.trans_len = 0;
+}
+
+static void sprd_rx_full_thld(struct uart_port *port, u32 thld)
+{
+ u32 val = serial_in(port, SPRD_CTL2);
+
+ val &= ~THLD_RX_FULL_MASK;
+ val |= thld & THLD_RX_FULL_MASK;
+ serial_out(port, SPRD_CTL2, val);
+}
+
+static int sprd_rx_alloc_buf(struct sprd_uart_port *sp)
+{
+ sp->rx_dma.virt = dma_alloc_coherent(sp->port.dev, SPRD_UART_RX_SIZE,
+ &sp->rx_dma.phys_addr, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!sp->rx_dma.virt)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void sprd_rx_free_buf(struct sprd_uart_port *sp)
+{
+ if (sp->rx_dma.virt)
+ dma_free_coherent(sp->port.dev, SPRD_UART_RX_SIZE,
+ sp->rx_dma.virt, sp->rx_dma.phys_addr);
+
+}
+
+static int sprd_rx_dma_config(struct uart_port *port, u32 burst)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+ struct dma_slave_config cfg = {
+ .src_addr = port->mapbase + SPRD_RXD,
+ .src_addr_width = DMA_SLAVE_BUSWIDTH_1_BYTE,
+ .dst_addr_width = DMA_SLAVE_BUSWIDTH_1_BYTE,
+ .src_maxburst = burst,
+ };
+
+ return dmaengine_slave_config(sp->rx_dma.chn, &cfg);
+}
+
+static void sprd_uart_dma_rx(struct uart_port *port)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+ struct tty_port *tty = &port->state->port;
+
+ port->icount.rx += sp->rx_dma.trans_len;
+ tty_insert_flip_string(tty, sp->rx_buf_tail, sp->rx_dma.trans_len);
+ tty_flip_buffer_push(tty);
+}
+
+static void sprd_uart_dma_irq(struct uart_port *port)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+ struct dma_tx_state state;
+ enum dma_status status;
+
+ status = dmaengine_tx_status(sp->rx_dma.chn,
+ sp->rx_dma.cookie, &state);
+ if (status == DMA_ERROR)
+ sprd_stop_rx(port);
+
+ if (!state.residue && sp->pos == sp->rx_dma.phys_addr)
+ return;
+
+ if (!state.residue) {
+ sp->rx_dma.trans_len = SPRD_UART_RX_SIZE +
+ sp->rx_dma.phys_addr - sp->pos;
+ sp->pos = sp->rx_dma.phys_addr;
+ } else {
+ sp->rx_dma.trans_len = state.residue - sp->pos;
+ sp->pos = state.residue;
+ }
+
+ sprd_uart_dma_rx(port);
+ sp->rx_buf_tail += sp->rx_dma.trans_len;
+}
+
+static void sprd_complete_rx_dma(void *data)
+{
+ struct uart_port *port = (struct uart_port *)data;
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+ struct dma_tx_state state;
+ enum dma_status status;
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&port->lock, flags);
+
+ status = dmaengine_tx_status(sp->rx_dma.chn,
+ sp->rx_dma.cookie, &state);
+ if (status != DMA_COMPLETE) {
+ sprd_stop_rx(port);
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&port->lock, flags);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (sp->pos != sp->rx_dma.phys_addr) {
+ sp->rx_dma.trans_len = SPRD_UART_RX_SIZE +
+ sp->rx_dma.phys_addr - sp->pos;
+ sprd_uart_dma_rx(port);
+ sp->rx_buf_tail += sp->rx_dma.trans_len;
+ }
+
+ if (sprd_start_dma_rx(port))
+ sprd_stop_rx(port);
+
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&port->lock, flags);
+}
+
+static int sprd_start_dma_rx(struct uart_port *port)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+ int ret;
+
+ if (!sp->rx_dma.enable)
+ return 0;
+
+ sp->pos = sp->rx_dma.phys_addr;
+ sp->rx_buf_tail = sp->rx_dma.virt;
+ sprd_rx_full_thld(port, SPRD_RX_FIFO_FULL);
+ ret = sprd_rx_dma_config(port, SPRD_RX_DMA_STEP);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ return sprd_uart_dma_submit(port, &sp->rx_dma, SPRD_UART_RX_SIZE,
+ DMA_DEV_TO_MEM, sprd_complete_rx_dma);
+}
+
+static void sprd_release_dma(struct uart_port *port)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+
+ sprd_uart_dma_enable(port, false);
+
+ if (sp->rx_dma.enable)
+ dma_release_channel(sp->rx_dma.chn);
+
+ if (sp->tx_dma.enable)
+ dma_release_channel(sp->tx_dma.chn);
+
+ sp->tx_dma.enable = false;
+ sp->rx_dma.enable = false;
+}
+
+static void sprd_request_dma(struct uart_port *port)
{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+
+ sp->tx_dma.enable = true;
+ sp->rx_dma.enable = true;
+
+ sp->tx_dma.chn = dma_request_chan(port->dev, "tx");
+ if (IS_ERR(sp->tx_dma.chn)) {
+ dev_err(port->dev, "request TX DMA channel failed, ret = %ld\n",
+ PTR_ERR(sp->tx_dma.chn));
+ sp->tx_dma.enable = false;
+ }
+
+ sp->rx_dma.chn = dma_request_chan(port->dev, "rx");
+ if (IS_ERR(sp->rx_dma.chn)) {
+ dev_err(port->dev, "request RX DMA channel failed, ret = %ld\n",
+ PTR_ERR(sp->rx_dma.chn));
+ sp->rx_dma.enable = false;
+ }
+}
+
+static void sprd_stop_tx(struct uart_port *port)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp = container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port,
+ port);
unsigned int ien, iclr;
+ if (sp->tx_dma.enable) {
+ sprd_stop_tx_dma(port);
+ return;
+ }
+
iclr = serial_in(port, SPRD_ICLR);
ien = serial_in(port, SPRD_IEN);
- ien &= ~(SPRD_IEN_RX_FULL | SPRD_IEN_BREAK_DETECT);
- iclr |= SPRD_IEN_RX_FULL | SPRD_IEN_BREAK_DETECT;
+ iclr |= SPRD_IEN_TX_EMPTY;
+ ien &= ~SPRD_IEN_TX_EMPTY;
serial_out(port, SPRD_IEN, ien);
serial_out(port, SPRD_ICLR, iclr);
}
+static void sprd_start_tx(struct uart_port *port)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp = container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port,
+ port);
+ unsigned int ien;
+
+ if (sp->tx_dma.enable) {
+ sprd_start_tx_dma(port);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ ien = serial_in(port, SPRD_IEN);
+ if (!(ien & SPRD_IEN_TX_EMPTY)) {
+ ien |= SPRD_IEN_TX_EMPTY;
+ serial_out(port, SPRD_IEN, ien);
+ }
+}
+
/* The Sprd serial does not support this function. */
static void sprd_break_ctl(struct uart_port *port, int break_state)
{
@@ -218,9 +590,16 @@ static int handle_lsr_errors(struct uart_port *port,
static inline void sprd_rx(struct uart_port *port)
{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp = container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port,
+ port);
struct tty_port *tty = &port->state->port;
unsigned int ch, flag, lsr, max_count = SPRD_TIMEOUT;
+ if (sp->rx_dma.enable) {
+ sprd_uart_dma_irq(port);
+ return;
+ }
+
while ((serial_in(port, SPRD_STS1) & SPRD_RX_FIFO_CNT_MASK) &&
max_count--) {
lsr = serial_in(port, SPRD_LSR);
@@ -304,6 +683,25 @@ static irqreturn_t sprd_handle_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
+static void sprd_uart_dma_startup(struct uart_port *port,
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sp)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ sprd_request_dma(port);
+ if (!(sp->rx_dma.enable || sp->tx_dma.enable))
+ return;
+
+ ret = sprd_start_dma_rx(port);
+ if (ret) {
+ sp->rx_dma.enable = false;
+ dma_release_channel(sp->rx_dma.chn);
+ dev_warn(port->dev, "fail to start RX dma mode\n");
+ }
+
+ sprd_uart_dma_enable(port, true);
+}
+
static int sprd_startup(struct uart_port *port)
{
int ret = 0;
@@ -332,6 +730,9 @@ static int sprd_startup(struct uart_port *port)
/* allocate irq */
sp = container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
snprintf(sp->name, sizeof(sp->name), "sprd_serial%d", port->line);
+
+ sprd_uart_dma_startup(port, sp);
+
ret = devm_request_irq(port->dev, port->irq, sprd_handle_irq,
IRQF_SHARED, sp->name, port);
if (ret) {
@@ -346,7 +747,9 @@ static int sprd_startup(struct uart_port *port)
/* enable interrupt */
spin_lock_irqsave(&port->lock, flags);
ien = serial_in(port, SPRD_IEN);
- ien |= SPRD_IEN_RX_FULL | SPRD_IEN_BREAK_DETECT | SPRD_IEN_TIMEOUT;
+ ien |= SPRD_IEN_BREAK_DETECT | SPRD_IEN_TIMEOUT;
+ if (!sp->rx_dma.enable)
+ ien |= SPRD_IEN_RX_FULL;
serial_out(port, SPRD_IEN, ien);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&port->lock, flags);
@@ -355,6 +758,7 @@ static int sprd_startup(struct uart_port *port)
static void sprd_shutdown(struct uart_port *port)
{
+ sprd_release_dma(port);
serial_out(port, SPRD_IEN, 0);
serial_out(port, SPRD_ICLR, ~0);
devm_free_irq(port->dev, port->irq, port);
@@ -491,6 +895,22 @@ static int sprd_verify_port(struct uart_port *port, struct serial_struct *ser)
return 0;
}
+static void sprd_pm(struct uart_port *port, unsigned int state,
+ unsigned int oldstate)
+{
+ struct sprd_uart_port *sup =
+ container_of(port, struct sprd_uart_port, port);
+
+ switch (state) {
+ case UART_PM_STATE_ON:
+ clk_prepare_enable(sup->clk);
+ break;
+ case UART_PM_STATE_OFF:
+ clk_disable_unprepare(sup->clk);
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
static const struct uart_ops serial_sprd_ops = {
.tx_empty = sprd_tx_empty,
.get_mctrl = sprd_get_mctrl,
@@ -507,6 +927,7 @@ static const struct uart_ops serial_sprd_ops = {
.request_port = sprd_request_port,
.config_port = sprd_config_port,
.verify_port = sprd_verify_port,
+ .pm = sprd_pm,
};
#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_SPRD_CONSOLE
@@ -668,6 +1089,43 @@ static int sprd_remove(struct platform_device *dev)
if (!sprd_ports_num)
uart_unregister_driver(&sprd_uart_driver);
+ sprd_rx_free_buf(sup);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int sprd_clk_init(struct uart_port *uport)
+{
+ struct clk *clk_uart, *clk_parent;
+ struct sprd_uart_port *u = sprd_port[uport->line];
+
+ clk_uart = devm_clk_get(uport->dev, "uart");
+ if (IS_ERR(clk_uart)) {
+ dev_warn(uport->dev, "uart%d can't get uart clock\n",
+ uport->line);
+ clk_uart = NULL;
+ }
+
+ clk_parent = devm_clk_get(uport->dev, "source");
+ if (IS_ERR(clk_parent)) {
+ dev_warn(uport->dev, "uart%d can't get source clock\n",
+ uport->line);
+ clk_parent = NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (!clk_uart || clk_set_parent(clk_uart, clk_parent))
+ uport->uartclk = SPRD_DEFAULT_SOURCE_CLK;
+ else
+ uport->uartclk = clk_get_rate(clk_uart);
+
+ u->clk = devm_clk_get(uport->dev, "enable");
+ if (IS_ERR(u->clk)) {
+ if (PTR_ERR(u->clk) != -EPROBE_DEFER)
+ dev_err(uport->dev, "uart%d can't get enable clock\n",
+ uport->line);
+ return PTR_ERR(u->clk);
+ }
+
return 0;
}
@@ -675,7 +1133,6 @@ static int sprd_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct resource *res;
struct uart_port *up;
- struct clk *clk;
int irq;
int index;
int ret;
@@ -704,9 +1161,9 @@ static int sprd_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
up->ops = &serial_sprd_ops;
up->flags = UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF;
- clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, NULL);
- if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(clk))
- up->uartclk = clk_get_rate(clk);
+ ret = sprd_clk_init(up);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
up->membase = devm_ioremap_resource(&pdev->dev, res);
@@ -722,6 +1179,14 @@ static int sprd_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
}
up->irq = irq;
+ /*
+ * Allocate one dma buffer to prepare for receive transfer, in case
+ * memory allocation failure at runtime.
+ */
+ ret = sprd_rx_alloc_buf(sprd_port[index]);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
if (!sprd_ports_num) {
ret = uart_register_driver(&sprd_uart_driver);
if (ret < 0) {