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* Remove GENERIC_GPIO config optionAlexandre Courbot2013-04-161-5/+5
| | | | | | | | | | GENERIC_GPIO has been made equivalent to GPIOLIB in architecture code and all driver code has been switch to depend on GPIOLIB. It is thus safe to have GENERIC_GPIO removed. Signed-off-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com> Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
* gpiolib: provide provision to register pin rangesShiraz Hashim2012-11-111-0/+42
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | pinctrl subsystem needs gpio chip base to prepare set of gpio pin ranges, which a given pinctrl driver can handle. This is important to handle pinctrl gpio request calls in order to program a given pin properly for gpio operation. As gpio base is allocated dynamically during gpiochip registration, presently there exists no clean way to pass this information to the pinctrl subsystem. After few discussions from [1], it was concluded that may be gpio controller reporting the pin range it supports, is a better way than pinctrl subsystem directly registering it. [1] http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ports.arm.kernel/184816 Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Shiraz Hashim <shiraz.hashim@st.com> [Edited documentation a bit] Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
* gpio: add flags to export GPIOs when requestingWolfram Sang2012-04-051-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | Introduce new flags to automatically export GPIOs when using the convenience functions gpio_request_one() or gpio_request_array(). This eases support for custom boards where lots of GPIOs need to be exported for customer applications. Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <w.sang@pengutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
* Documentation/gpio.txt: Explain expected pinctrl interactionStephen Warren2012-03-121-3/+20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Update gpio.txt based on recent discussions regarding interaction with the pinctrl subsystem. Previously, gpio_request() was described as explicitly not performing any required mux setup operations etc. Now, gpio_request() is explicitly as explicitly performing any required mux setup operations where possible. In the case it isn't, platform code is required to have set up any required muxing or other configuration prior to gpio_request() being called, in order to maintain the same semantics. This is achieved by gpiolib drivers calling e.g. pinctrl_request_gpio() in their .request() operation. Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net> Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
* Documentation: gpio: Add details of open-drain/source configurationLaxman Dewangan2012-03-051-2/+15
| | | | | | | | | | | Adding details of open drain(open collector) and open source (open emitter) configuration of the gpio so that client can set the pin as open drain at the time of gpio request. Signed-off-by: Laxman Dewangan <ldewangan@nvidia.com> Reviwed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com> Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
* Revert "gpiolib: annotate gpio-intialization with __must_check"Linus Torvalds2011-01-131-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This reverts commit 0fdae42d361bbb431ca0ab0efed5126a94821177, which wasn't really supposed to go in, and causes lots of annoying warnings. Quoth Andrew: "Complete brainfart - I meant to drop that patch ages ago." Quoth Greg: "Ick, yeah, that patch isn't ok to go in as-is, all of the callers need to be fixed up first, which is what I thought we had agreed on..." Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpiolib: annotate gpio-intialization with __must_checkWolfram Sang2011-01-131-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Because GPIOs can have crucial functions especially in embedded systems, we are better safe than sorry regarding their configuration. For gpio_request, the documentation is simply enforced: <quote>"The return value of gpio_request() must be checked."</quote> For gpio_direction_* and gpio_request_*, we now act accordingly. Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <w.sang@pengutronix.de> Cc: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Documentation/gpio.txt: explain poll/select usageBernhard Walle2010-11-181-0/+10
| | | | | | | | | | Add a bit more information how to use poll(2) on GPIO value files correctly. For me it was not clear that I need to poll(2) for POLLPRI|POLLERR or select(2) for exceptfds. Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <walle@corscience.de> Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpio: doc updatesDavid Brownell2010-09-091-8/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | There's been some recent confusion about error checking GPIO numbers. briefly, it should be handled mostly during setup, when gpio_request() is called, and NEVER by expectig gpio_is_valid to report more than never-usable GPIO numbers. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: terminate unterminated comment] Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: Eric Miao" <eric.y.miao@gmail.com> Cc: "Ryan Mallon" <ryan@bluewatersys.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpiolib: decouple might_sleep_if() from DEBUGDavid Brownell2010-08-111-6/+29
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Be more consistent about runtime programming interface abuse warnings, which can reduce some confusion and trigger bugfixes. Based on an observation and patch from Jani Nikula. Also update doc to highlight some sleeping-call issues and to match some recent changes. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: Jani Nikula <ext-jani.1.nikula@nokia.com> Cc: "Ryan Mallon" <ryan@bluewatersys.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpio: introduce gpio_request_one() and friendsEric Miao2010-03-061-0/+64
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | gpio_request() without initial configuration of the GPIO is normally useless, introduce gpio_request_one() together with GPIOF_ flags for input/output direction and initial output level. gpio_{request,free}_array() for multiple GPIOs. Signed-off-by: Eric Miao <eric.y.miao@gmail.com> Cc: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: Ben Nizette <bn@niasdigital.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpiolib: add support for changing value polarity in sysfsJani Nikula2009-12-161-0/+15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Drivers may use gpiolib sysfs as part of their public user space interface. The GPIO number and polarity might change from board to board. The gpio_export_link() call can be used to hide the GPIO number from user space. Add support for also hiding the GPIO line polarity changes from user space. Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <ext-jani.1.nikula@nokia.com> Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* correct gpio.txt typosDominik D. Geyer2009-12-091-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | Corrected sysfs gpio chip node name and fixed punctuation. Signed-off-by: Dominik D. Geyer <dominik.geyer@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpiolib: allow poll() on valueDaniel Glöckner2009-09-231-0/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Many gpio chips allow to generate interrupts when the value of a pin changes. This patch gives usermode application the opportunity to make use of this feature by calling poll(2) on the /sys/class/gpio/gpioN/value sysfs file. The edge to trigger can be set in the edge file in the same directory. Possible values are "none", "rising", "falling", and "both". Using level triggers is not possible with current sysfs since nothing changes the GPIO value (and the IRQ keeps triggering). Edge triggering will "just work". Note that if there was an event between read() and poll(), the poll() returns immediately. Also note that this version only supports true GPIO interrupts. Some later patch might be able to synthesize this behavior by timer-driven polling; some systems seem to need that. [dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net: align ids to 16 bit ids; whitespace] Signed-off-by: Daniel Glöckner <dg@emlix.com> Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpiolib: allow exported GPIO nodes to be named using sysfs linksJani Nikula2009-09-231-0/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 926b663ce8215ba448960e1ff6e58b67a2c3b99b (gpiolib: allow GPIOs to be named) already provides naming on the chip level. This patch provides more flexibility by allowing multiple names where ever in sysfs on a per GPIO basis. Adapted from David Brownell's comments on a similar concept: http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/4/20/203. [randy.dunlap@oracle.com: fix build for CONFIG_GENERIC_GPIO=n] Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <ext-jani.1.nikula@nokia.com> Acked-by: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net> Cc: Daniel Silverstone <dsilvers@simtec.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* trivial: Miscellaneous documentation typo fixesMatt LaPlante2009-06-121-1/+1
| | | | | | | Fix various typos in documentation txts. Signed-off-by: Matt LaPlante <kernel1@cyberdogtech.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
* gpio: gpio_{request,free}() now required (feature removal)David Brownell2009-04-021-14/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We want to phase out the GPIO "autorequest" mechanism in gpiolib and require all callers to use gpio_request(). - Update feature-removal-schedule - Update the documentation now - Convert the relevant pr_warning() in gpiolib to a WARN() so folk using this mechanism get a noisy stack dump Some drivers and board init code will probably need to change. Implementations not using gpiolib will still be fine; they are already required to implement gpio_{request,free}() stubs. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpiolib: request/free hooksDavid Brownell2008-10-161-0/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Add a new internal mechanism to gpiolib to support low power operations by letting gpio_chip instances see when their GPIOs are in use. When no GPIOs are active, chips may be able to enter lower powered runtime states by disabling clocks and/or power domains. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: "Magnus Damm" <magnus.damm@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpiolib: gpio_to_irq() hooksDavid Brownell2008-10-161-2/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add a new gpiolib mechanism: gpio_chip instances can provide mappings between their (input) GPIOs and any associated IRQs. This makes it easier for platforms to support IRQs that are provided by board-specific external chips instead of as part of their core (such as SOC-integrated GPIOs). Also update the irq_to_gpio() description, saying to avoid it because it's not always supported. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpiolib: allow user-selectionMichael Buesch2008-07-251-1/+11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch adds functionality to the gpio-lib subsystem to make it possible to enable the gpio-lib code even if the architecture code didn't request to get it built in. The archtitecture code does still need to implement the gpiolib accessor functions in its asm/gpio.h file. This patch adds the implementations for x86 and PPC. With these changes it is possible to run generic GPIO expansion cards on every architecture that implements the trivial wrapper functions. Support for more architectures can easily be added. Signed-off-by: Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com> Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> Cc: Samuel Ortiz <sameo@openedhand.com> Cc: Kumar Gala <galak@gate.crashing.org> Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpio: sysfs interfaceDavid Brownell2008-07-251-5/+118
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This adds a simple sysfs interface for GPIOs. /sys/class/gpio /export ... asks the kernel to export a GPIO to userspace /unexport ... to return a GPIO to the kernel /gpioN ... for each exported GPIO #N /value ... always readable, writes fail for input GPIOs /direction ... r/w as: in, out (default low); write high, low /gpiochipN ... for each gpiochip; #N is its first GPIO /base ... (r/o) same as N /label ... (r/o) descriptive, not necessarily unique /ngpio ... (r/o) number of GPIOs; numbered N .. N+(ngpio - 1) GPIOs claimed by kernel code may be exported by its owner using a new gpio_export() call, which should be most useful for driver debugging. Such exports may optionally be done without a "direction" attribute. Userspace may ask to take over a GPIO by writing to a sysfs control file, helping to cope with incomplete board support or other "one-off" requirements that don't merit full kernel support: echo 23 > /sys/class/gpio/export ... will gpio_request(23, "sysfs") and gpio_export(23); use /sys/class/gpio/gpio-23/direction to (re)configure it, when that GPIO can be used as both input and output. echo 23 > /sys/class/gpio/unexport ... will gpio_free(23), when it was exported as above The extra D-space footprint is a few hundred bytes, except for the sysfs resources associated with each exported GPIO. The additional I-space footprint is about two thirds of the current size of gpiolib (!). Since no /dev node creation is involved, no "udev" support is needed. Related changes: * This adds a device pointer to "struct gpio_chip". When GPIO providers initialize that, sysfs gpio class devices become children of that device instead of being "virtual" devices. * The (few) gpio_chip providers which have such a device node have been updated. * Some gpio_chip drivers also needed to update their module "owner" field ... for which missing kerneldoc was added. * Some gpio_chips don't support input GPIOs. Those GPIOs are now flagged appropriately when the chip is registered. Based on previous patches, and discussion both on and off LKML. A Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-gpio update is ready to submit once this merges to mainline. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: a few maintenance build fixes] Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@pengutronix.de> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpio: define gpio_is_valid()Guennadi Liakhovetski2008-04-281-0/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | Introduce a gpio_is_valid() predicate; use it in gpiolib. Signed-off-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@pengutronix.de> [ use inline function; follow the gpio_* naming convention; work without gpiolib; all programming interfaces need docs ] Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpio: <linux/gpio.h> and "no GPIO support here" stubsDavid Brownell2008-03-041-4/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add a <linux/gpio.h> defining fail/warn stubs for GPIO calls on platforms that don't support the GPIO programming interface. That includes the arch-specific implementation glue otherwise. This facilitates a new model for GPIO usage: drivers that can use GPIOs if they're available, but don't require them. One example of such a driver is NAND driver for various FreeScale chips. On platforms update with GPIO support, they can be used instead of a worst-case delay to verify that the BUSY signal is off. (Also includes a couple minor unrelated doc updates.) Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpiolib: update Documentation/gpio.txtDavid Brownell2008-02-051-12/+121
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Update Documentation/gpio.txt, primarily to include the new "gpiolib" infrastructure. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> Cc: Eric Miao <eric.miao@marvell.com> Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com> Cc: Philipp Zabel <philipp.zabel@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ben Gardner <bgardner@wabtec.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* minor gpio doc updateDavid Brownell2007-07-241-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | Fix doc bug noted by Uwe Kleine-König: gpio_set_direction() is long gone, replaced by gpio_direction_input() and gpio_direction_output(). Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpio calls don't need i/o barriersDavid Brownell2007-07-191-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | Clarify that drivers using the GPIO operations don't need to issue io barrier instructions themselves. Previously this wasn't clear, and at least one platform assumed otherwise (and would thus break various otherwise-portable drivers which don't issue barriers). Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpio interface loosens call restrictionsDavid Brownell2007-05-171-2/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Loosen gpio_{request,free}() and gpio_direction_{in,out}put() call context restrictions slightly, so a common idiom is no longer an error: board init code setting up spinlock-safe GPIOs before tasking is enabled. The issue was caught by some paranoid code with might_sleep() checks. The legacy platform-specific GPIO interfaces stick to spinlock-safe GPIOs, so this change reflects current implementations and won't break anything. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Documentation/gpio.txt mentions GENERIC_GPIODavid Brownell2007-05-111-1/+3
| | | | | | | | | | Documentation/gpio.txt should mention the Kconfig GENERIC_GPIO flag, for platforms to declare when relevant. This should help minimize goofs like omitting it, or not depending on it when needed. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [PATCH] doc: gpio.txt describes open-drain emulationDavid Brownell2007-04-121-1/+30
| | | | | | | | | Update the GPIO docs to describe the idiom whereby open drain signals are emulated by toggling the GPIO direction. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [PATCH] gpio_direction_output() needs an initial valueDavid Brownell2007-03-161-1/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | It's been pointed out that output GPIOs should have an initial value, to avoid signal glitching ... among other things, it can be some time before a driver is ready. This patch corrects that oversight, fixing - documentation - platforms supporting the GPIO interface - users of that call (just one for now, others are pending) There's only one user of this call for now since most platforms are still using non-generic GPIO setup code, which in most cases already couples the initial value with its "set output mode" request. Note that most platforms are clear about the hardware letting the output value be set before the pin direction is changed, but the s3c241x docs are vague on that topic ... so those chips might not avoid the glitches. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Acked-by: Andrew Victor <andrew@sanpeople.com> Acked-by: Milan Svoboda <msvoboda@ra.rockwell.com> Acked-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [PATCH] GPIO core documentationDavid Brownell2007-02-161-7/+10
| | | | | | | | | Small updates to the GPIO documentation, addressing feedback and fixing a few spelling errors. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [PATCH] GPIO coreDavid Brownell2007-02-121-0/+271
This defines a simple and minimalist programming interface for GPIO APIs: - Documentation/gpio.txt ... describes things (read it) - include/asm-arm/gpio.h ... defines the ARM hook, which just punts to <asm/arch/gpio.h> for any implementation - include/asm-generic/gpio.h ... implement "can sleep" variants as calling the normal ones, for systems that don't handle i2c expanders. The immediate need for such a cross-architecture API convention is to support drivers that work the same on AT91 ARM and AVR32 AP7000 chips, which embed many of the same controllers but have different CPUs. However, several other users have been reported, including a driver for a hardware watchdog chip and some handhelds.org multi-CPU button drivers. Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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