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* Merge branch 'x86-platform-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2012-01-111-5/+11
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip * 'x86-platform-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/intel config: Fix the APB_TIMER selection x86/mrst: Add additional debug prints for pb_keys x86/intel config: Revamp configuration to allow for Moorestown and Medfield x86/intel/scu/ipc: Match the changes in the x86 configuration x86/apb: Fix configuration constraints x86: Fix INTEL_MID silly x86/Kconfig: Cyclone-timer depends on x86-summit x86: Reduce clock calibration time during slave cpu startup x86/config: Revamp configuration for MID devices x86/sfi: Kill the IRQ as id hack
| * x86: Reduce clock calibration time during slave cpu startupJack Steiner2011-12-051-5/+11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Reduce the startup time for slave cpus. Adds hooks for an arch-specific function for clock calibration. These hooks are used on x86. If a newly started cpu has the same phys_proc_id as a core already active, uses the TSC for the delay loop and has a CONSTANT_TSC, use the already-calculated value of loops_per_jiffy. This patch reduces the time required to start slave cpus on a 4096 cpu system from: 465 sec OLD 62 sec NEW This reduces boot time on a 4096p system by almost 7 minutes. Nice... Signed-off-by: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> [fix CONFIG_SMP=n build] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | Merge branch 'x86-debug-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2012-01-111-0/+1
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip * 'x86-debug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86, reboot: Fix typo in nmi reboot path x86, NMI: Add to_cpumask() to silence compile warning x86, NMI: NMI selftest depends on the local apic x86: Add stack top margin for stack overflow checking x86, NMI: NMI-selftest should handle the UP case properly x86: Fix the 32-bit stackoverflow-debug build x86, NMI: Add knob to disable using NMI IPIs to stop cpus x86, NMI: Add NMI IPI selftest x86, reboot: Use NMI instead of REBOOT_VECTOR to stop cpus x86: Clean up the range of stack overflow checking x86: Panic on detection of stack overflow x86: Check stack overflow in detail
| * | x86, NMI: Add NMI IPI selftestDon Zickus2011-12-051-0/+1
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The previous patch modified the stop cpus path to use NMI instead of IRQ as the way to communicate to the other cpus to shutdown. There were some concerns that various machines may have problems with using an NMI IPI. This patch creates a selftest to check if NMI is working at boot. The idea is to help catch any issues before the machine panics and we learn the hard way. Loosely based on the locking-selftest.c file, this separate file runs a couple of simple tests and reports the results. The output looks like: ... Brought up 4 CPUs ---------------- | NMI testsuite: -------------------- remote IPI: ok | local IPI: ok | -------------------- Good, all 2 testcases passed! | --------------------------------- Total of 4 processors activated (21330.61 BogoMIPS). ... Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com> Cc: seiji.aguchi@hds.com Cc: vgoyal@redhat.com Cc: mjg@redhat.com Cc: tony.luck@intel.com Cc: gong.chen@intel.com Cc: satoru.moriya@hds.com Cc: avi@redhat.com Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1318533267-18880-3-git-send-email-dzickus@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* / x86: Skip cpus with apic-ids >= 255 in !x2apic_modeSuresh Siddha2011-12-231-1/+2
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | If the x2apic mode is disabled for reasons like interrupt-remapping not available etc, then we need to skip the logical cpu bringup of apic-id's >= 255. Otherwise as the platform is in xapic mode, init/startup IPI's will consider only the low 8-bits and there is a possibility of re-sending init/startup IPI's to the logical cpu that is already online. This will avoid potential reboots/unpredictable behavior etc. Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20111222014632.702932458@sbsiddha-desk.sc.intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
* Merge branch 'x86-cleanups-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-07-221-1/+1
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'x86-cleanups-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: x86, smpboot: Mark the names[] array in __inquire_remote_apic() as const x86: Convert vmalloc()+memset() to vzalloc()
| * x86, smpboot: Mark the names[] array in __inquire_remote_apic() as constGreg Dietsche2011-07-211-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This array is read-only. Make it explicit by marking as const. Signed-off-by: Greg Dietsche <Gregory.Dietsche@cuw.edu> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1309482653-23648-1-git-send-email-Gregory.Dietsche@cuw.edu Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | x86: cpu-hotplug: Prevent softirq wakeup on wrong CPUThomas Gleixner2011-06-081-0/+13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | After a newly plugged CPU sets the cpu_online bit it enables interrupts and goes idle. The cpu which brought up the new cpu waits for the cpu_online bit and when it observes it, it sets the cpu_active bit for this cpu. The cpu_active bit is the relevant one for the scheduler to consider the cpu as a viable target. With forced threaded interrupt handlers which imply forced threaded softirqs we observed the following race: cpu 0 cpu 1 bringup(cpu1); set_cpu_online(smp_processor_id(), true); local_irq_enable(); while (!cpu_online(cpu1)); timer_interrupt() -> wake_up(softirq_thread_cpu1); -> enqueue_on(softirq_thread_cpu1, cpu0); ^^^^ cpu_notify(CPU_ONLINE, cpu1); -> sched_cpu_active(cpu1) -> set_cpu_active((cpu1, true); When an interrupt happens before the cpu_active bit is set by the cpu which brought up the newly onlined cpu, then the scheduler refuses to enqueue the woken thread which is bound to that newly onlined cpu on that newly onlined cpu due to the not yet set cpu_active bit and selects a fallback runqueue. Not really an expected and desirable behaviour. So far this has only been observed with forced hard/softirq threading, but in theory this could happen without forced threaded hard/softirqs as well. It's probably unobservable as it would take a massive interrupt storm on the newly onlined cpu which causes the softirq loop to wake up the softirq thread and an even longer delay of the cpu which waits for the cpu_online bit. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: stable@kernel.org # 2.6.39
* | x86: Fix mwait_play_dead() faulting on mwait-incapable cpusAvi Kivity2011-05-301-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A logic error in mwait_play_dead() causes the kernel to use mwait even on cpus which don't support it, such as KVM virtual cpus. Introduced by: 349c004e3d31: x86: A fast way to check capabilities of the current cpu Fixes: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=36222 Reported-by: Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1306758237-9327-1-git-send-email-avi@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | Merge branch 'idle-release' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-05-291-1/+1
|\ \ | |/ |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux-idle-2.6 * 'idle-release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux-idle-2.6: x86 idle: deprecate mwait_idle() and "idle=mwait" cmdline param x86 idle: deprecate "no-hlt" cmdline param x86 idle APM: deprecate CONFIG_APM_CPU_IDLE x86 idle floppy: deprecate disable_hlt() x86 idle: EXPORT_SYMBOL(default_idle, pm_idle) only when APM demands it x86 idle: clarify AMD erratum 400 workaround idle governor: Avoid lock acquisition to read pm_qos before entering idle cpuidle: menu: fixed wrapping timers at 4.294 seconds
| * x86 idle: clarify AMD erratum 400 workaroundLen Brown2011-05-291-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The workaround for AMD erratum 400 uses the term "c1e" falsely suggesting: 1. Intel C1E is somehow involved 2. All AMD processors with C1E are involved Use the string "amd_c1e" instead of simply "c1e" to clarify that this workaround is specific to AMD's version of C1E. Use the string "e400" to clarify that the workaround is specific to AMD processors with Erratum 400. This patch is text-substitution only, with no functional change. cc: x86@kernel.org Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
* | x86: A fast way to check capabilities of the current cpuChristoph Lameter2011-03-291-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add this_cpu_has() which determines if the current cpu has a certain ability using a segment prefix and a bit test operation. For that we need to add bit operations to x86s percpu.h. Many uses of cpu_has use a pointer passed to a function to determine the current flags. That is no longer necessary after this patch. However, this patch only converts the straightforward cases where cpu_has is used with this_cpu_ptr. The rest is work for later. -tj: Rolled up patch to add x86_ prefix and use percpu_read() instead of percpu_read_stable(). Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
* | Merge branch 'x86-trampoline-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-03-161-4/+6
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'x86-trampoline-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: x86: Fix binutils-2.21 symbol related build failures x86-64, trampoline: Remove unused variable x86, reboot: Fix the use of passed arguments in 32-bit BIOS reboot x86, reboot: Move the real-mode reboot code to an assembly file x86: Make the GDT_ENTRY() macro in <asm/segment.h> safe for assembly x86, trampoline: Use the unified trampoline setup for ACPI wakeup x86, trampoline: Common infrastructure for low memory trampolines Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
| * | x86, trampoline: Common infrastructure for low memory trampolinesH. Peter Anvin2011-02-171-4/+6
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Common infrastructure for low memory trampolines. This code installs the trampolines permanently in low memory very early. It also permits multiple pieces of code to be used for this purpose. This code also introduces a standard infrastructure for computing symbol addresses in the trampoline code. The only change to the actual SMP trampolines themselves is that the 64-bit trampoline has been made reusable -- the previous version would overwrite the code with a status variable; this moves the status variable to a separate location. Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> LKML-Reference: <4D5DFBE4.7090104@intel.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Matthieu Castet <castet.matthieu@free.fr> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
* | Merge branch 'x86-mm-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-03-151-67/+2
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (93 commits) x86, tlb, UV: Do small micro-optimization for native_flush_tlb_others() x86-64, NUMA: Don't call numa_set_distanc() for all possible node combinations during emulation x86-64, NUMA: Don't assume phys node 0 is always online in numa_emulation() x86-64, NUMA: Clean up initmem_init() x86-64, NUMA: Fix numa_emulation code with node0 without RAM x86-64, NUMA: Revert NUMA affine page table allocation x86: Work around old gas bug x86-64, NUMA: Better explain numa_distance handling x86-64, NUMA: Fix distance table handling mm: Move early_node_map[] reverse scan helpers under HAVE_MEMBLOCK x86-64, NUMA: Fix size of numa_distance array x86: Rename e820_table_* to pgt_buf_* bootmem: Move __alloc_memory_core_early() to nobootmem.c bootmem: Move contig_page_data definition to bootmem.c/nobootmem.c bootmem: Separate out CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM code into nobootmem.c x86-64, NUMA: Seperate out numa_alloc_distance() from numa_set_distance() x86-64, NUMA: Add proper function comments to global functions x86-64, NUMA: Move NUMA emulation into numa_emulation.c x86-64, NUMA: Prepare numa_emulation() for moving NUMA emulation into a separate file x86-64, NUMA: Do not scan two times for setup_node_bootmem() ... Fix up conflicts in arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c
| * | Merge commit 'v2.6.38' into x86/mmIngo Molnar2011-03-151-2/+2
| |\| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Conflicts: arch/x86/mm/numa_64.c Merge reason: Resolve the conflict, update the branch to .38. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | Merge branch 'x86/amd-nb' into x86/mmIngo Molnar2011-02-161-0/+1
| |\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Merge reason: consolidate it into the more generic x86/mm tree to prevent conflicts with ongoing NUMA work. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| | * | x86, amd: Normalize compute unit IDs on multi-node processorsAndreas Herrmann2011-01-261-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | On multi-node CPUs we don't need the socket wide compute unit ID but the node-wide compute unit ID. Thus we need to normalize the value. This is similar to what we do with cpu_core_id. A compute unit is then identified by physical_package_id, node_id, and compute_unit_id. Signed-off-by: Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.com> LKML-Reference: <1295881543-572552-2-git-send-email-hans.rosenfeld@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | | Merge commit 'v2.6.38-rc4' into x86/numaIngo Molnar2011-02-141-2/+2
| |\ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Merge reason: Merge latest fixes before applying new patch. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | | | x86: Unify node_to_cpumask_map handling between 32 and 64bitTejun Heo2011-01-281-47/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | x86_32 has been managing node_to_cpumask_map explicitly from map_cpu_to_node() and friends in a rather ugly way. With previous changes, it's now possible to share the code with 64bit. * When CONFIG_NUMA_EMU is disabled, numa_add/remove_cpu() are implemented in numa.c and shared by 32 and 64bit. CONFIG_NUMA_EMU versions still live in numa_64.c. NUMA_EMU's dependency on 64bit is planned to be removed and the above should go away together. * identify_cpu() now calls numa_add_cpu() for 32bit too. This makes the explicit mask management from map_cpu_to_node() unnecessary. * The whole x86_32 specific map_cpu_to_node() chunk is no longer necessary. Dropped. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: eric.dumazet@gmail.com Cc: yinghai@kernel.org Cc: brgerst@gmail.com Cc: gorcunov@gmail.com Cc: shaohui.zheng@intel.com Cc: rientjes@google.com LKML-Reference: <1295789862-25482-16-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Shaohui Zheng <shaohui.zheng@intel.com>
| * | | | x86: Unify CPU -> NUMA node mapping between 32 and 64bitTejun Heo2011-01-281-6/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Unlike 64bit, 32bit has been using its own cpu_to_node_map[] for CPU -> NUMA node mapping. Replace it with early_percpu variable x86_cpu_to_node_map and share the mapping code with 64bit. * USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID is now enabled for 32bit too. * x86_cpu_to_node_map and numa_set/clear_node() are moved from numa_64 to numa. For now, on 32bit, x86_cpu_to_node_map is initialized with 0 instead of NUMA_NO_NODE. This is to avoid introducing unexpected behavior change and will be updated once init path is unified. * srat_detect_node() is now enabled for x86_32 too. It calls numa_set_node() and initializes the mapping making explicit cpu_to_node_map[] updates from map/unmap_cpu_to_node() unnecessary. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: eric.dumazet@gmail.com Cc: yinghai@kernel.org Cc: brgerst@gmail.com Cc: gorcunov@gmail.com Cc: penberg@kernel.org Cc: shaohui.zheng@intel.com Cc: rientjes@google.com LKML-Reference: <1295789862-25482-15-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
| * | | | x86: Unify cpu/apicid <-> NUMA node mapping between 32 and 64bitTejun Heo2011-01-281-5/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The mapping between cpu/apicid and node is done via apicid_to_node[] on 64bit and apicid_2_node[] + apic->x86_32_numa_cpu_node() on 32bit. This difference makes it difficult to further unify 32 and 64bit NUMA handling. This patch unifies it by replacing both apicid_to_node[] and apicid_2_node[] with __apicid_to_node[] array, which is accessed by two accessors - set_apicid_to_node() and numa_cpu_node(). On 64bit, numa_cpu_node() always consults __apicid_to_node[] directly while 32bit goes through apic->numa_cpu_node() method to allow apic implementations to override it. srat_detect_node() for amd cpus contains workaround for broken NUMA configuration which assumes relationship between APIC ID, HT node ID and NUMA topology. Leave it to access __apicid_to_node[] directly as mapping through CPU might result in undesirable behavior change. The comment is reformatted and updated to note the ugliness. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: eric.dumazet@gmail.com Cc: yinghai@kernel.org Cc: brgerst@gmail.com Cc: gorcunov@gmail.com Cc: shaohui.zheng@intel.com Cc: rientjes@google.com LKML-Reference: <1295789862-25482-14-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
| * | | | x86: Replace apic->apicid_to_node() with ->x86_32_numa_cpu_node()Tejun Heo2011-01-281-2/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | apic->apicid_to_node() is 32bit specific apic operation which determines NUMA node for a CPU. Depending on the APIC implementation, it can be easier to determine NUMA node from either physical or logical apicid. Currently, ->apicid_to_node() takes @logical_apicid and calls hard_smp_processor_id() if the physical apicid is needed. This prevents NUMA mapping from being queried from a different CPU, which in turn makes it impossible to initialize NUMA mapping before SMP bringup. This patch replaces apic->apicid_to_node() with ->x86_32_numa_cpu_node() which takes @cpu, from which both logical and physical apicids can easily be determined. While at it, drop duplicate implementations from bigsmp_32 and summit_32, and use the default one. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: eric.dumazet@gmail.com Cc: yinghai@kernel.org Cc: brgerst@gmail.com Cc: gorcunov@gmail.com Cc: shaohui.zheng@intel.com Cc: rientjes@google.com LKML-Reference: <1295789862-25482-13-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | | | x86: Always use x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid for cpu -> logical apic idTejun Heo2011-01-281-4/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently, cpu -> logical apic id translation is done by apic->cpu_to_logical_apicid() callback which may or may not use x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid. This is unnecessary as it should always equal logical_smp_processor_id() which is known early during CPU bring up. Initialize x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid after apic->init_apic_ldr() in setup_local_APIC() and always use x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid for cpu -> logical apic id mapping. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: eric.dumazet@gmail.com Cc: yinghai@kernel.org Cc: brgerst@gmail.com Cc: gorcunov@gmail.com Cc: penberg@kernel.org Cc: shaohui.zheng@intel.com Cc: rientjes@google.com LKML-Reference: <1295789862-25482-6-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | | | x86: Replace cpu_2_logical_apicid[] with early percpu variableTejun Heo2011-01-281-5/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Unlike x86_64, on x86_32, the mapping from cpu to logical apicid may vary depending on apic in use. cpu_2_logical_apicid[] array is used for this mapping. Replace it with early percpu variable x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid to make it better aligned with other mappings. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: eric.dumazet@gmail.com Cc: yinghai@kernel.org Cc: brgerst@gmail.com Cc: gorcunov@gmail.com Cc: penberg@kernel.org Cc: shaohui.zheng@intel.com Cc: rientjes@google.com LKML-Reference: <1295789862-25482-5-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | | | x86: Drop x86_32 MAX_APICIDTejun Heo2011-01-281-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 56d91f13 (x86, acpi: Add MAX_LOCAL_APIC for 32bit) added MAX_LOCAL_APIC for x86_32 but didn't replace MAX_APICID users with it. Convert MAX_APICID users to MAX_LOCAL_APIC and drop MAX_APICID. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Acked-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: eric.dumazet@gmail.com Cc: yinghai@kernel.org Cc: brgerst@gmail.com Cc: gorcunov@gmail.com Cc: shaohui.zheng@intel.com Cc: rientjes@google.com LKML-Reference: <1295789862-25482-3-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | | | x86: Kill unused static boot_cpu_logical_apicid in smpboot.cTejun Heo2011-01-281-5/+1
| | |/ / | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Acked-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: eric.dumazet@gmail.com Cc: yinghai@kernel.org Cc: brgerst@gmail.com Cc: gorcunov@gmail.com Cc: shaohui.zheng@intel.com Cc: rientjes@google.com LKML-Reference: <1295789862-25482-2-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | | | Merge branch 'irq-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-03-151-1/+10
|\ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'irq-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (116 commits) x86: Enable forced interrupt threading support x86: Mark low level interrupts IRQF_NO_THREAD x86: Use generic show_interrupts x86: ioapic: Avoid redundant lookup of irq_cfg x86: ioapic: Use new move_irq functions x86: Use the proper accessors in fixup_irqs() x86: ioapic: Use irq_data->state x86: ioapic: Simplify irq chip and handler setup x86: Cleanup the genirq name space genirq: Add chip flag to force mask on suspend genirq: Add desc->irq_data accessor genirq: Add comments to Kconfig switches genirq: Fixup fasteoi handler for oneshot mode genirq: Provide forced interrupt threading sched: Switch wait_task_inactive to schedule_hrtimeout() genirq: Add IRQF_NO_THREAD genirq: Allow shared oneshot interrupts genirq: Prepare the handling of shared oneshot interrupts genirq: Make warning in handle_percpu_event useful x86: ioapic: Move trigger defines to io_apic.h ... Fix up trivial(?) conflicts in arch/x86/pci/xen.c due to genirq name space changes clashing with the Xen cleanups. The set_irq_msi() had moved to xen_bind_pirq_msi_to_irq().
| * | | | x86: Rework arch_disable_smp_support() for x86Henrik Kretzschmar2011-02-231-1/+10
| | |_|/ | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently arch_disable_smp_support() on x86 disables only the support for the IOAPIC and is also compiled in if SMP-support is not. Therefore this function is renamed to disable_ioapic_support(), which meets its purpose and is only compiled in the kernel when IOAPIC support is also. A new arch_disable_smp_support() is created in smpboot.c, which calls disable_ioapic_support() and gets only compiled in the kernel when SMP support is also. Signed-off-by: Henrik Kretzschmar <henne@nachtwindheim.de> LKML-Reference: <1298385487-4708-3-git-send-email-henne@nachtwindheim.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | | | Merge branch 'x86-cpu-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-03-151-31/+13
|\ \ \ \ | |/ / / |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'x86-cpu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: x86: Fix and clean up generic_processor_info() x86: Don't copy per_cpu cpuinfo for BSP two times x86: Move llc_shared_map out of cpu_info
| * | | Merge commit 'v2.6.38-rc4' into x86/cpuIngo Molnar2011-02-141-2/+2
| |\ \ \ | | | |/ | | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | Merge reason: pick up the latest fixes. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | | x86: Don't copy per_cpu cpuinfo for BSP two timesYinghai Lu2011-01-261-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | smp_store_cpu_info(0) will do that. Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> LKML-Reference: <4D3A16F2.5090902@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| * | | x86: Move llc_shared_map out of cpu_infoYinghai Lu2011-01-261-28/+10
| | |/ | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | cpu_info is already with per_cpu, We can take llc_shared_map out of cpu_info, and declare it as per_cpu variable directly. So later referencing could be simple and directly instead of diving to find cpu_info at first. Also could make smp_store_cpu_info() much simple to avoid to do save and restore trick. Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Hans Rosenfeld <hans.rosenfeld@amd.com> Cc: Alok N Kataria <akataria@vmware.com> Cc: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com> Cc: Hans J. Koch <hjk@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com> Cc: Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.com> Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com> Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> LKML-Reference: <4D3A16E8.5020608@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | | x86: Fix section mismatch in LAPIC initializationJan Beulich2011-02-101-2/+2
| |/ |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Additionally doing things conditionally upon smp_processor_id() being zero is generally a bad idea, as this means CPU 0 cannot be offlined and brought back online later again. While there may be other places where this is done, I think adding more of those should be avoided so that some day SMP can really become "symmetrical". Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com> LKML-Reference: <4D525C7E0200007800030EE1@vpn.id2.novell.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | x86-32: Make sure the stack is set up before we use itH. Peter Anvin2011-02-041-2/+2
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Since checkin ebba638ae723d8a8fc2f7abce5ec18b688b791d7 we call verify_cpu even in 32-bit mode. Unfortunately, calling a function means using the stack, and the stack pointer was not initialized in the 32-bit setup code! This code initializes the stack pointer, and simplifies the interface slightly since it is easier to rely on just a pointer value rather than a descriptor; we need to have different values for the segment register anyway. This retains start_stack as a virtual address, even though a physical address would be more convenient for 32 bits; the 64-bit code wants the other way around... Reported-by: Matthieu Castet <castet.matthieu@free.fr> LKML-Reference: <4D41E86D.8060205@free.fr> Tested-by: Kees Cook <kees.cook@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
* x86, hotplug: Fix powersavings with offlined cores on AMDBorislav Petkov2011-01-211-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ea53069231f9317062910d6e772cca4ce93de8c8 made a CPU use monitor/mwait when offline. This is not the optimal choice for AMD wrt to powersavings and we'd prefer our cores to halt (i.e. enter C1) instead. For this, the same selection whether to use monitor/mwait has to be used as when we select the idle routine for the machine. With this patch, offlining cores 1-5 on a X6 machine allows core0 to boost again. [ hpa: putting this in urgent since it is a (power) regression fix ] Reported-by: Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org # 37.x Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org> Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.hl> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com> LKML-Reference: <1295534572-10730-1-git-send-email-bp@amd64.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
* Merge branch 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-01-111-2/+2
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: x86: Fix Moorestown VRTC fixmap placement x86/gpio: Implement x86 gpio_to_irq convert function x86, UV: Fix APICID shift for Westmere processors x86: Use PCI method for enabling AMD extended config space before MSR method x86: tsc: Prevent delayed init if initial tsc calibration failed x86, lapic-timer: Increase the max_delta to 31 bits x86: Fix sparse non-ANSI function warnings in smpboot.c x86, numa: Fix CONFIG_DEBUG_PER_CPU_MAPS without NUMA emulation x86, AMD, PCI: Add AMD northbridge PCI device id for CPU families 12h and 14h x86, numa: Fix cpu to node mapping for sparse node ids x86, numa: Fake node-to-cpumask for NUMA emulation x86, numa: Fake apicid and pxm mappings for NUMA emulation x86, numa: Avoid compiling NUMA emulation functions without CONFIG_NUMA_EMU x86, numa: Reduce minimum fake node size to 32M Fix up trivial conflict in arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_uv_x.c
| * x86: Fix sparse non-ANSI function warnings in smpboot.cRandy Dunlap2011-01-091-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fix sparse warning for non-ANSI function declaration: arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c:100:30: warning: non-ANSI function declaration of function 'cpu_hotplug_driver_lock' arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c:105:32: warning: non-ANSI function declaration of function 'cpu_hotplug_driver_unlock' Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> LKML-Reference: <20110108195914.95d366ea.randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | Merge branch 'for-2.6.38' of ↵Linus Torvalds2011-01-071-7/+7
|\ \ | |/ |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu * 'for-2.6.38' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu: (30 commits) gameport: use this_cpu_read instead of lookup x86: udelay: Use this_cpu_read to avoid address calculation x86: Use this_cpu_inc_return for nmi counter x86: Replace uses of current_cpu_data with this_cpu ops x86: Use this_cpu_ops to optimize code vmstat: User per cpu atomics to avoid interrupt disable / enable irq_work: Use per cpu atomics instead of regular atomics cpuops: Use cmpxchg for xchg to avoid lock semantics x86: this_cpu_cmpxchg and this_cpu_xchg operations percpu: Generic this_cpu_cmpxchg() and this_cpu_xchg support percpu,x86: relocate this_cpu_add_return() and friends connector: Use this_cpu operations xen: Use this_cpu_inc_return taskstats: Use this_cpu_ops random: Use this_cpu_inc_return fs: Use this_cpu_inc_return in buffer.c highmem: Use this_cpu_xx_return() operations vmstat: Use this_cpu_inc_return for vm statistics x86: Support for this_cpu_add, sub, dec, inc_return percpu: Generic support for this_cpu_add, sub, dec, inc_return ... Fixed up conflicts: in arch/x86/kernel/{apic/nmi.c, apic/x2apic_uv_x.c, process.c} as per Tejun.
| * x86: Replace uses of current_cpu_data with this_cpu opsTejun Heo2010-12-301-6/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Replace all uses of current_cpu_data with this_cpu operations on the per cpu structure cpu_info. The scala accesses are replaced with the matching this_cpu ops which results in smaller and more efficient code. In the long run, it might be a good idea to remove cpu_data() macro too and use per_cpu macro directly. tj: updated description Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
| * x86: Use this_cpu_ops to optimize codeTejun Heo2010-12-301-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Go through x86 code and replace __get_cpu_var and get_cpu_var instances that refer to a scalar and are not used for address determinations. Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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*---. | Merge branches 'x86-alternatives-for-linus', 'x86-fpu-for-linus', ↵Linus Torvalds2011-01-061-0/+14
|\ \ \| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 'x86-hwmon-for-linus', 'x86-paravirt-for-linus', 'core-locking-for-linus' and 'irq-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'x86-alternatives-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: x86, suspend: Avoid unnecessary smp alternatives switch during suspend/resume * 'x86-fpu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: x86-64, asm: Use fxsaveq/fxrestorq in more places * 'x86-hwmon-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: x86, hwmon: Add core threshold notification to therm_throt.c * 'x86-paravirt-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: x86, paravirt: Use native_halt on a halt, not native_safe_halt * 'core-locking-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: locking, lockdep: Convert sprintf_symbol to %pS * 'irq-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: irq: Better struct irqaction layout
| * | | x86, suspend: Avoid unnecessary smp alternatives switch during suspend/resumeSuresh Siddha2010-12-131-0/+14
| | |/ | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | During suspend, we disable all the non boot cpus. And during resume we bring them all back again. So no need to do alternatives_smp_switch() in between. On my core 2 based laptop, this speeds up the suspend path by 15msec and the resume path by 5 msec (suspend/resume speed up differences can be attributed to the different P-states that the cpu is in during suspend/resume). Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> LKML-Reference: <1290557500.4946.8.camel@sbsiddha-MOBL3.sc.intel.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
* | | x86: Set cpu masks before calling CPU_STARTING notifiersAndi Kleen2010-11-261-4/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When booting up a CPU set the various topology masks before calling the CPU_STARTING notifier. This way the notifier can actually use the masks. This is needed for a perf change. Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> LKML-Reference: <1290077254-12165-2-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | | x86, nmi_watchdog: Remove all stub function calls from old nmi_watchdogDon Zickus2010-11-181-11/+0
|/ / | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Now that the bulk of the old nmi_watchdog is gone, remove all the stub variables and hooks associated with it. This touches lots of files mainly because of how the io_apic nmi_watchdog was implemented. Now that the io_apic nmi_watchdog is forever gone, remove all its fingers. Most of this code was not being exercised by virtue of nmi_watchdog != NMI_IO_APIC, so there shouldn't be anything to risky here. Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com> Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com Cc: gorcunov@openvz.org LKML-Reference: <1289578944-28564-3-git-send-email-dzickus@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | Merge branch 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2010-10-271-1/+0
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: percpu: Remove the multi-page alignment facility x86-32: Allocate irq stacks seperate from percpu area x86-32, mm: Remove duplicated #include x86, printk: Get rid of <0> from stack output x86, kexec: Make sure to stop all CPUs before exiting the kernel x86/vsmp: Eliminate kconfig dependency warning
| * | x86-32: Allocate irq stacks seperate from percpu areaBrian Gerst2010-10-271-1/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The percpu allocator cannot handle alignments larger than one page. Allocate the irq stacks seperately, and only keep the pointers as percpu data. Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: tj@kernel.org LKML-Reference: <1288158182-1753-1-git-send-email-brgerst@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | | workqueues: s/ON_STACK/ONSTACK/Andrew Morton2010-10-261-1/+1
|/ / | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Silly though it is, completions and wait_queue_heads use foo_ONSTACK (COMPLETION_INITIALIZER_ONSTACK, DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK, __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INIT_ONSTACK and DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_ONSTACK) so I guess workqueues should do the same thing. s/INIT_WORK_ON_STACK/INIT_WORK_ONSTACK/ s/INIT_DELAYED_WORK_ON_STACK/INIT_DELAYED_WORK_ONSTACK/ Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | Merge branch 'x86-trampoline-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2010-10-221-12/+4
|\ \ | |/ |/| | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'x86-trampoline-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: x86-32, mm: Add an initial page table for core bootstrapping
| * x86-32, mm: Add an initial page table for core bootstrappingBorislav Petkov2010-10-201-12/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch adds an initial page table with low mappings used exclusively for booting APs/resuming after ACPI suspend/machine restart. After this, there's no need to add low mappings to swapper_pg_dir and zap them later or create own swsusp PGD page solely for ACPI sleep needs - we have initial_page_table for that. Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> LKML-Reference: <20101020070526.GA9588@liondog.tnic> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>