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* fs: semove set but not checked AOP_FLAG_UNINTERRUPTIBLE flagTetsuo Handa2017-05-081-3/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit afddba49d18f ("fs: introduce write_begin, write_end, and perform_write aops") introduced AOP_FLAG_UNINTERRUPTIBLE flag which was checked in pagecache_write_begin(), but that check was removed by 4e02ed4b4a2f ("fs: remove prepare_write/commit_write"). Between these two commits, commit d9414774dc0c ("cifs: Convert cifs to new aops.") added a check in cifs_write_begin(), but that check was soon removed by commit a98ee8c1c707 ("[CIFS] fix regression in cifs_write_begin/cifs_write_end"). Therefore, AOP_FLAG_UNINTERRUPTIBLE flag is checked nowhere. Let's remove this flag. This patch has no functionality changes. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1489294781-53494-1-git-send-email-penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* sched/headers: Prepare to remove <linux/cred.h> inclusion from <linux/sched.h>Ingo Molnar2017-03-021-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add #include <linux/cred.h> dependencies to all .c files rely on sched.h doing that for them. Note that even if the count where we need to add extra headers seems high, it's still a net win, because <linux/sched.h> is included in over 2,200 files ... Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
* hfsplus: atomically read inode sizeFabian Frederick2017-02-271-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | See i_size_read() comments in include/linux/fs.h Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170123175338.3840-1-fabf@skynet.be Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Replace <asm/uaccess.h> with <linux/uaccess.h> globallyLinus Torvalds2016-12-241-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | This was entirely automated, using the script by Al: PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>' sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \ $(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h) to do the replacement at the end of the merge window. Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* block,fs: use REQ_* flags directlyChristoph Hellwig2016-11-011-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | Remove the WRITE_* and READ_SYNC wrappers, and just use the flags directly. Where applicable this also drops usage of the bio_set_op_attrs wrapper. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
* Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2016-10-104-10/+14
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull more vfs updates from Al Viro: ">rename2() work from Miklos + current_time() from Deepa" * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: fs: Replace current_fs_time() with current_time() fs: Replace CURRENT_TIME_SEC with current_time() for inode timestamps fs: Replace CURRENT_TIME with current_time() for inode timestamps fs: proc: Delete inode time initializations in proc_alloc_inode() vfs: Add current_time() api vfs: add note about i_op->rename changes to porting fs: rename "rename2" i_op to "rename" vfs: remove unused i_op->rename fs: make remaining filesystems use .rename2 libfs: support RENAME_NOREPLACE in simple_rename() fs: support RENAME_NOREPLACE for local filesystems ncpfs: fix unused variable warning
| * Merge remote-tracking branch 'ovl/rename2' into for-linusAl Viro2016-10-101-1/+5
| |\
| | * fs: rename "rename2" i_op to "rename"Miklos Szeredi2016-09-271-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Generated patch: sed -i "s/\.rename2\t/\.rename\t\t/" `git grep -wl rename2` sed -i "s/\brename2\b/rename/g" `git grep -wl rename2` Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
| | * fs: support RENAME_NOREPLACE for local filesystemsMiklos Szeredi2016-09-271-2/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This is trivial to do: - add flags argument to foo_rename() - check if flags doesn't have any other than RENAME_NOREPLACE - assign foo_rename() to .rename2 instead of .rename Filesystems converted: affs, bfs, exofs, ext2, hfs, hfsplus, jffs2, jfs, logfs, minix, msdos, nilfs2, omfs, reiserfs, sysvfs, ubifs, udf, ufs, vfat. Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com> Acked-by: Boaz Harrosh <ooo@electrozaur.com> Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Acked-by: Bob Copeland <me@bobcopeland.com> Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp> Cc: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@kernel.org> Cc: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
| * | fs: Replace CURRENT_TIME_SEC with current_time() for inode timestampsDeepa Dinamani2016-09-274-9/+9
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CURRENT_TIME_SEC is not y2038 safe. current_time() will be transitioned to use 64 bit time along with vfs in a separate patch. There is no plan to transistion CURRENT_TIME_SEC to use y2038 safe time interfaces. current_time() will also be extended to use superblock range checking parameters when range checking is introduced. This works because alloc_super() fills in the the s_time_gran in super block to NSEC_PER_SEC. Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com> Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | Merge branch 'work.xattr' of ↵Linus Torvalds2016-10-102-6/+0
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs xattr updates from Al Viro: "xattr stuff from Andreas This completes the switch to xattr_handler ->get()/->set() from ->getxattr/->setxattr/->removexattr" * 'work.xattr' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: vfs: Remove {get,set,remove}xattr inode operations xattr: Stop calling {get,set,remove}xattr inode operations vfs: Check for the IOP_XATTR flag in listxattr xattr: Add __vfs_{get,set,remove}xattr helpers libfs: Use IOP_XATTR flag for empty directory handling vfs: Use IOP_XATTR flag for bad-inode handling vfs: Add IOP_XATTR inode operations flag vfs: Move xattr_resolve_name to the front of fs/xattr.c ecryptfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers sockfs: Get rid of getxattr iop sockfs: getxattr: Fail with -EOPNOTSUPP for invalid attribute names kernfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers hfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers jffs2: Remove jffs2_{get,set,remove}xattr macros xattr: Remove unnecessary NULL attribute name check
| * | vfs: Remove {get,set,remove}xattr inode operationsAndreas Gruenbacher2016-10-072-6/+0
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | These inode operations are no longer used; remove them. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | fs: Give dentry to inode_change_ok() instead of inodeJan Kara2016-09-221-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | inode_change_ok() will be resposible for clearing capabilities and IMA extended attributes and as such will need dentry. Give it as an argument to inode_change_ok() instead of an inode. Also rename inode_change_ok() to setattr_prepare() to better relect that it does also some modifications in addition to checks. Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
* | posix_acl: Clear SGID bit when setting file permissionsJan Kara2016-09-221-2/+2
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | When file permissions are modified via chmod(2) and the user is not in the owning group or capable of CAP_FSETID, the setgid bit is cleared in inode_change_ok(). Setting a POSIX ACL via setxattr(2) sets the file permissions as well as the new ACL, but doesn't clear the setgid bit in a similar way; this allows to bypass the check in chmod(2). Fix that. References: CVE-2016-7097 Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
* Merge branch 'for-linus-2' of ↵Linus Torvalds2016-08-072-4/+3
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull more vfs updates from Al Viro: "Assorted cleanups and fixes. In the "trivial API change" department - ->d_compare() losing 'parent' argument" * 'for-linus-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: cachefiles: Fix race between inactivating and culling a cache object 9p: use clone_fid() 9p: fix braino introduced in "9p: new helper - v9fs_parent_fid()" vfs: make dentry_needs_remove_privs() internal vfs: remove file_needs_remove_privs() vfs: fix deadlock in file_remove_privs() on overlayfs get rid of 'parent' argument of ->d_compare() cifs, msdos, vfat, hfs+: don't bother with parent in ->d_compare() affs ->d_compare(): don't bother with ->d_inode fold _d_rehash() and __d_rehash() together fold dentry_rcuwalk_invalidate() into its only remaining caller
| * get rid of 'parent' argument of ->d_compare()Al Viro2016-07-312-3/+2
| | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
| * cifs, msdos, vfat, hfs+: don't bother with parent in ->d_compare()Al Viro2016-07-291-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | dentry->d_sb is just as good as parent->d_sb Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | Merge branch 'work.const-qstr' of ↵Linus Torvalds2016-08-062-11/+11
|\ \ | |/ |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull qstr constification updates from Al Viro: "Fairly self-contained bunch - surprising lot of places passes struct qstr * as an argument when const struct qstr * would suffice; it complicates analysis for no good reason. I'd prefer to feed that separately from the assorted fixes (those are in #for-linus and with somewhat trickier topology)" * 'work.const-qstr' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: qstr: constify instances in adfs qstr: constify instances in lustre qstr: constify instances in f2fs qstr: constify instances in ext2 qstr: constify instances in vfat qstr: constify instances in procfs qstr: constify instances in fuse qstr constify instances in fs/dcache.c qstr: constify instances in nfs qstr: constify instances in ocfs2 qstr: constify instances in autofs4 qstr: constify instances in hfs qstr: constify instances in hfsplus qstr: constify instances in logfs qstr: constify dentry_init_security
| * qstr: constify instances in hfsplusAl Viro2016-07-202-11/+11
| | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | Merge branch 'work.misc' of ↵Linus Torvalds2016-07-281-1/+1
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs updates from Al Viro: "Assorted cleanups and fixes. Probably the most interesting part long-term is ->d_init() - that will have a bunch of followups in (at least) ceph and lustre, but we'll need to sort the barrier-related rules before it can get used for really non-trivial stuff. Another fun thing is the merge of ->d_iput() callers (dentry_iput() and dentry_unlink_inode()) and a bunch of ->d_compare() ones (all except the one in __d_lookup_lru())" * 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (26 commits) fs/dcache.c: avoid soft-lockup in dput() vfs: new d_init method vfs: Update lookup_dcache() comment bdev: get rid of ->bd_inodes Remove last traces of ->sync_page new helper: d_same_name() dentry_cmp(): use lockless_dereference() instead of smp_read_barrier_depends() vfs: clean up documentation vfs: document ->d_real() vfs: merge .d_select_inode() into .d_real() unify dentry_iput() and dentry_unlink_inode() binfmt_misc: ->s_root is not going anywhere drop redundant ->owner initializations ufs: get rid of redundant checks orangefs: constify inode_operations missed comment updates from ->direct_IO() prototype change file_inode(f)->i_mapping is f->f_mapping trim fsnotify hooks a bit 9p: new helper - v9fs_parent_fid() debugfs: ->d_parent is never NULL or negative ...
| * | file_inode(f)->i_mapping is f->f_mappingAl Viro2016-05-291-1/+1
| |/ | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | Merge branch 'salted-string-hash'Linus Torvalds2016-07-281-1/+1
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This changes the vfs dentry hashing to mix in the parent pointer at the _beginning_ of the hash, rather than at the end. That actually improves both the hash and the code generation, because we can move more of the computation to the "static" part of the dcache setup, and do less at lookup runtime. It turns out that a lot of other hash users also really wanted to mix in a base pointer as a 'salt' for the hash, and so the slightly extended interface ends up working well for other cases too. Users that want a string hash that is purely about the string pass in a 'salt' pointer of NULL. * merge branch 'salted-string-hash': fs/dcache.c: Save one 32-bit multiply in dcache lookup vfs: make the string hashes salt the hash
| * | vfs: make the string hashes salt the hashLinus Torvalds2016-06-101-1/+1
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We always mixed in the parent pointer into the dentry name hash, but we did it late at lookup time. It turns out that we can simplify that lookup-time action by salting the hash with the parent pointer early instead of late. A few other users of our string hashes also wanted to mix in their own pointers into the hash, and those are updated to use the same mechanism. Hash users that don't have any particular initial salt can just use the NULL pointer as a no-salt. Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: George Spelvin <linux@sciencehorizons.net> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | hfsplus: use bio op accessorsMike Christie2016-06-074-11/+16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Separate the op from the rq_flag_bits and have gfs2 set/get the bio using bio_set_op_attrs/bio_op. Signed-off-by: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
* | block/fs/drivers: remove rw argument from submit_bioMike Christie2016-06-071-1/+2
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | This has callers of submit_bio/submit_bio_wait set the bio->bi_rw instead of passing it in. This makes that use the same as generic_make_request and how we set the other bio fields. Signed-off-by: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com> Fixed up fs/ext4/crypto.c Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
* switch xattr_handler->set() to passing dentry and inode separatelyAl Viro2016-05-275-16/+19
| | | | | | | preparation for similar switch in ->setxattr() (see the next commit for rationale). Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* Merge branch 'work.preadv2' of ↵Linus Torvalds2016-05-171-4/+3
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs cleanups from Al Viro: "More cleanups from Christoph" * 'work.preadv2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: nfsd: use RWF_SYNC fs: add RWF_DSYNC aand RWF_SYNC ceph: use generic_write_sync fs: simplify the generic_write_sync prototype fs: add IOCB_SYNC and IOCB_DSYNC direct-io: remove the offset argument to dio_complete direct-io: eliminate the offset argument to ->direct_IO xfs: eliminate the pos variable in xfs_file_dio_aio_write filemap: remove the pos argument to generic_file_direct_write filemap: remove pos variables in generic_file_read_iter
| * direct-io: eliminate the offset argument to ->direct_IOChristoph Hellwig2016-05-011-4/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Including blkdev_direct_IO and dax_do_io. It has to be ki_pos to actually work, so eliminate the superflous argument. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | hfsplus: switch to ->iterate_shared()Al Viro2016-05-125-3/+15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We need to protect the list of hfsplus_readdir_data against parallel insertions (in readdir) and removals (in release). Add a spinlock for that. Note that it has nothing to do with protection of hfsplus_readdir_data->key - we have an exclusion between hfsplus_readdir() and hfsplus_delete_cat() on directory lock and between several hfsplus_readdir() for the same struct file on ->f_pos_lock. The spinlock is strictly for list changes. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | Merge getxattr prototype change into work.lookupsAl Viro2016-05-026-18/+15
|\ \ | |/ |/| | | The rest of work.xattr stuff isn't needed for this branch
| * xattr_handler: pass dentry and inode as separate arguments of ->get()Al Viro2016-04-105-15/+15
| | | | | | | | | | | | ... and do not assume they are already attached to each other Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
| * posix_acl: Inode acl caching fixesAndreas Gruenbacher2016-03-311-3/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When get_acl() is called for an inode whose ACL is not cached yet, the get_acl inode operation is called to fetch the ACL from the filesystem. The inode operation is responsible for updating the cached acl with set_cached_acl(). This is done without locking at the VFS level, so another task can call set_cached_acl() or forget_cached_acl() before the get_acl inode operation gets to calling set_cached_acl(), and then get_acl's call to set_cached_acl() results in caching an outdate ACL. Prevent this from happening by setting the cached ACL pointer to a task-specific sentinel value before calling the get_acl inode operation. Move the responsibility for updating the cached ACL from the get_acl inode operations to get_acl(). There, only set the cached ACL if the sentinel value hasn't changed. The sentinel values are chosen to have odd values. Likewise, the value of ACL_NOT_CACHED is odd. In contrast, ACL object pointers always have an even value (ACLs are aligned in memory). This allows to distinguish uncached ACLs values from ACL objects. In addition, switch from guarding inode->i_acl and inode->i_default_acl upates by the inode->i_lock spinlock to using xchg() and cmpxchg(). Filesystems that do not want ACLs returned from their get_acl inode operations to be cached must call forget_cached_acl() to prevent the VFS from doing so. (Patch written by Al Viro and Andreas Gruenbacher.) Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | mm, fs: get rid of PAGE_CACHE_* and page_cache_{get,release} macrosKirill A. Shutemov2016-04-046-65/+65
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} macros were introduced *long* time ago with promise that one day it will be possible to implement page cache with bigger chunks than PAGE_SIZE. This promise never materialized. And unlikely will. We have many places where PAGE_CACHE_SIZE assumed to be equal to PAGE_SIZE. And it's constant source of confusion on whether PAGE_CACHE_* or PAGE_* constant should be used in a particular case, especially on the border between fs and mm. Global switching to PAGE_CACHE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE would cause to much breakage to be doable. Let's stop pretending that pages in page cache are special. They are not. The changes are pretty straight-forward: - <foo> << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) -> <foo>; - <foo> >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) -> <foo>; - PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} -> PAGE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN}; - page_cache_get() -> get_page(); - page_cache_release() -> put_page(); This patch contains automated changes generated with coccinelle using script below. For some reason, coccinelle doesn't patch header files. I've called spatch for them manually. The only adjustment after coccinelle is revert of changes to PAGE_CAHCE_ALIGN definition: we are going to drop it later. There are few places in the code where coccinelle didn't reach. I'll fix them manually in a separate patch. Comments and documentation also will be addressed with the separate patch. virtual patch @@ expression E; @@ - E << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) + E @@ expression E; @@ - E >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) + E @@ @@ - PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT + PAGE_SHIFT @@ @@ - PAGE_CACHE_SIZE + PAGE_SIZE @@ @@ - PAGE_CACHE_MASK + PAGE_MASK @@ expression E; @@ - PAGE_CACHE_ALIGN(E) + PAGE_ALIGN(E) @@ expression E; @@ - page_cache_get(E) + get_page(E) @@ expression E; @@ - page_cache_release(E) + put_page(E) Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* wrappers for ->i_mutex accessAl Viro2016-01-223-8/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | parallel to mutex_{lock,unlock,trylock,is_locked,lock_nested}, inode_foo(inode) being mutex_foo(&inode->i_mutex). Please, use those for access to ->i_mutex; over the coming cycle ->i_mutex will become rwsem, with ->lookup() done with it held only shared. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* kmemcg: account certain kmem allocations to memcgVladimir Davydov2016-01-141-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mark those kmem allocations that are known to be easily triggered from userspace as __GFP_ACCOUNT/SLAB_ACCOUNT, which makes them accounted to memcg. For the list, see below: - threadinfo - task_struct - task_delay_info - pid - cred - mm_struct - vm_area_struct and vm_region (nommu) - anon_vma and anon_vma_chain - signal_struct - sighand_struct - fs_struct - files_struct - fdtable and fdtable->full_fds_bits - dentry and external_name - inode for all filesystems. This is the most tedious part, because most filesystems overwrite the alloc_inode method. The list is far from complete, so feel free to add more objects. Nevertheless, it should be close to "account everything" approach and keep most workloads within bounds. Malevolent users will be able to breach the limit, but this was possible even with the former "account everything" approach (simply because it did not account everything in fact). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Merge branch 'work.xattr' of ↵Linus Torvalds2016-01-112-16/+4
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs xattr updates from Al Viro: "Andreas' xattr cleanup series. It's a followup to his xattr work that went in last cycle; -0.5KLoC" * 'work.xattr' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: xattr handlers: Simplify list operation ocfs2: Replace list xattr handler operations nfs: Move call to security_inode_listsecurity into nfs_listxattr xfs: Change how listxattr generates synthetic attributes tmpfs: listxattr should include POSIX ACL xattrs tmpfs: Use xattr handler infrastructure btrfs: Use xattr handler infrastructure vfs: Distinguish between full xattr names and proper prefixes posix acls: Remove duplicate xattr name definitions gfs2: Remove gfs2_xattr_acl_chmod vfs: Remove vfs_xattr_cmp
| * vfs: Distinguish between full xattr names and proper prefixesAndreas Gruenbacher2015-12-061-12/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add an additional "name" field to struct xattr_handler. When the name is set, the handler matches attributes with exactly that name. When the prefix is set instead, the handler matches attributes with the given prefix and with a non-empty suffix. This patch should avoid bugs like the one fixed in commit c361016a in the future. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
| * posix acls: Remove duplicate xattr name definitionsAndreas Gruenbacher2015-12-061-4/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Remove POSIX_ACL_XATTR_{ACCESS,DEFAULT} and GFS2_POSIX_ACL_{ACCESS,DEFAULT} and replace them with the definitions in <include/uapi/linux/xattr.h>. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | don't put symlink bodies in pagecache into highmemAl Viro2015-12-081-0/+2
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | kmap() in page_follow_link_light() needed to go - allowing to hold an arbitrary number of kmaps for long is a great way to deadlocking the system. new helper (inode_nohighmem(inode)) needs to be used for pagecache symlinks inodes; done for all in-tree cases. page_follow_link_light() instrumented to yell about anything missed. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* xattr handlers: Pass handler to operations instead of flagsAndreas Gruenbacher2015-11-134-16/+24
| | | | | | | | | | | | | The xattr_handler operations are currently all passed a file system specific flags value which the operations can use to disambiguate between different handlers; some file systems use that to distinguish the xattr namespace, for example. In some oprations, it would be useful to also have access to the handler prefix. To allow that, pass a pointer to the handler to operations instead of the flags value alone. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* hfsplus: Remove unused xattr handler list operationsAndreas Gruenbacher2015-11-134-44/+0
| | | | | | | | | The list operations can never be called; they are even documented to be unused. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* hfs,hfsplus: cache pages correctly between bnode_create and bnode_freeHin-Tak Leung2015-09-101-3/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pages looked up by __hfs_bnode_create() (called by hfs_bnode_create() and hfs_bnode_find() for finding or creating pages corresponding to an inode) are immediately kmap()'ed and used (both read and write) and kunmap()'ed, and should not be page_cache_release()'ed until hfs_bnode_free(). This patch fixes a problem I first saw in July 2012: merely running "du" on a large hfsplus-mounted directory a few times on a reasonably loaded system would get the hfsplus driver all confused and complaining about B-tree inconsistencies, and generates a "BUG: Bad page state". Most recently, I can generate this problem on up-to-date Fedora 22 with shipped kernel 4.0.5, by running "du /" (="/" + "/home" + "/mnt" + other smaller mounts) and "du /mnt" simultaneously on two windows, where /mnt is a lightly-used QEMU VM image of the full Mac OS X 10.9: $ df -i / /home /mnt Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/mapper/fedora-root 3276800 551665 2725135 17% / /dev/mapper/fedora-home 52879360 716221 52163139 2% /home /dev/nbd0p2 4294967295 1387818 4293579477 1% /mnt After applying the patch, I was able to run "du /" (60+ times) and "du /mnt" (150+ times) continuously and simultaneously for 6+ hours. There are many reports of the hfsplus driver getting confused under load and generating "BUG: Bad page state" or other similar issues over the years. [1] The unpatched code [2] has always been wrong since it entered the kernel tree. The only reason why it gets away with it is that the kmap/memcpy/kunmap follow very quickly after the page_cache_release() so the kernel has not had a chance to reuse the memory for something else, most of the time. The current RW driver appears to have followed the design and development of the earlier read-only hfsplus driver [3], where-by version 0.1 (Dec 2001) had a B-tree node-centric approach to read_cache_page()/page_cache_release() per bnode_get()/bnode_put(), migrating towards version 0.2 (June 2002) of caching and releasing pages per inode extents. When the current RW code first entered the kernel [2] in 2005, there was an REF_PAGES conditional (and "//" commented out code) to switch between B-node centric paging to inode-centric paging. There was a mistake with the direction of one of the REF_PAGES conditionals in __hfs_bnode_create(). In a subsequent "remove debug code" commit [4], the read_cache_page()/page_cache_release() per bnode_get()/bnode_put() were removed, but a page_cache_release() was mistakenly left in (propagating the "REF_PAGES <-> !REF_PAGE" mistake), and the commented-out page_cache_release() in bnode_release() (which should be spanned by !REF_PAGES) was never enabled. References: [1]: Michael Fox, Apr 2013 http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-fsdevel/msg63807.html ("hfsplus volume suddenly inaccessable after 'hfs: recoff %d too large'") Sasha Levin, Feb 2015 http://lkml.org/lkml/2015/2/20/85 ("use after free") https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/740814 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1027887 https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42342 https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=63841 https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=78761 [2]: http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git/commit/\ fs/hfs/bnode.c?id=d1081202f1d0ee35ab0beb490da4b65d4bc763db commit d1081202f1d0ee35ab0beb490da4b65d4bc763db Author: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Date: Wed Feb 25 16:17:36 2004 -0800 [PATCH] HFS rewrite http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git/commit/\ fs/hfsplus/bnode.c?id=91556682e0bf004d98a529bf829d339abb98bbbd commit 91556682e0bf004d98a529bf829d339abb98bbbd Author: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Date: Wed Feb 25 16:17:48 2004 -0800 [PATCH] HFS+ support [3]: http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-hfsplus/ http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-hfsplus/files/Linux%202.4.x%20patch/hfsplus%200.1/ http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-hfsplus/files/Linux%202.4.x%20patch/hfsplus%200.2/ http://linux-hfsplus.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/linux-hfsplus/linux/\ fs/hfsplus/bnode.c?r1=1.4&r2=1.5 Date: Thu Jun 6 09:45:14 2002 +0000 Use buffer cache instead of page cache in bnode.c. Cache inode extents. [4]: http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/\ stable/linux-stable.git/commit/?id=a5e3985fa014029eb6795664c704953720cc7f7d commit a5e3985fa014029eb6795664c704953720cc7f7d Author: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Date: Tue Sep 6 15:18:47 2005 -0700 [PATCH] hfs: remove debug code Signed-off-by: Hin-Tak Leung <htl10@users.sourceforge.net> Signed-off-by: Sergei Antonov <saproj@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com> Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Vyacheslav Dubeyko <slava@dubeyko.com> Cc: Sougata Santra <sougata@tuxera.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* fs: create and use seq_show_option for escapingKees Cook2015-09-041-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Many file systems that implement the show_options hook fail to correctly escape their output which could lead to unescaped characters (e.g. new lines) leaking into /proc/mounts and /proc/[pid]/mountinfo files. This could lead to confusion, spoofed entries (resulting in things like systemd issuing false d-bus "mount" notifications), and who knows what else. This looks like it would only be the root user stepping on themselves, but it's possible weird things could happen in containers or in other situations with delegated mount privileges. Here's an example using overlay with setuid fusermount trusting the contents of /proc/mounts (via the /etc/mtab symlink). Imagine the use of "sudo" is something more sneaky: $ BASE="ovl" $ MNT="$BASE/mnt" $ LOW="$BASE/lower" $ UP="$BASE/upper" $ WORK="$BASE/work/ 0 0 none /proc fuse.pwn user_id=1000" $ mkdir -p "$LOW" "$UP" "$WORK" $ sudo mount -t overlay -o "lowerdir=$LOW,upperdir=$UP,workdir=$WORK" none /mnt $ cat /proc/mounts none /root/ovl/mnt overlay rw,relatime,lowerdir=ovl/lower,upperdir=ovl/upper,workdir=ovl/work/ 0 0 none /proc fuse.pwn user_id=1000 0 0 $ fusermount -u /proc $ cat /proc/mounts cat: /proc/mounts: No such file or directory This fixes the problem by adding new seq_show_option and seq_show_option_n helpers, and updating the vulnerable show_option handlers to use them as needed. Some, like SELinux, need to be open coded due to unusual existing escape mechanisms. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add lost chunk, per Kees] [keescook@chromium.org: seq_show_option should be using const parameters] Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com> Acked-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> Cc: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2015-07-041-1/+1
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull more vfs updates from Al Viro: "Assorted VFS fixes and related cleanups (IMO the most interesting in that part are f_path-related things and Eric's descriptor-related stuff). UFS regression fixes (it got broken last cycle). 9P fixes. fs-cache series, DAX patches, Jan's file_remove_suid() work" [ I'd say this is much more than "fixes and related cleanups". The file_table locking rule change by Eric Dumazet is a rather big and fundamental update even if the patch isn't huge. - Linus ] * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (49 commits) 9p: cope with bogus responses from server in p9_client_{read,write} p9_client_write(): avoid double p9_free_req() 9p: forgetting to cancel request on interrupted zero-copy RPC dax: bdev_direct_access() may sleep block: Add support for DAX reads/writes to block devices dax: Use copy_from_iter_nocache dax: Add block size note to documentation fs/file.c: __fget() and dup2() atomicity rules fs/file.c: don't acquire files->file_lock in fd_install() fs:super:get_anon_bdev: fix race condition could cause dev exceed its upper limitation vfs: avoid creation of inode number 0 in get_next_ino namei: make set_root_rcu() return void make simple_positive() public ufs: use dir_pages instead of ufs_dir_pages() pagemap.h: move dir_pages() over there remove the pointless include of lglock.h fs: cleanup slight list_entry abuse xfs: Correctly lock inode when removing suid and file capabilities fs: Call security_ops->inode_killpriv on truncate fs: Provide function telling whether file_remove_privs() will do anything ...
| * fs: cleanup slight list_entry abuseRasmus Villemoes2015-06-231-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | list_entry is just a wrapper for container_of, but it is arguably wrong (and slightly confusing) to use it when the pointed-to struct member is not a struct list_head. Use container_of directly instead. Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | writeback: separate out include/linux/backing-dev-defs.hTejun Heo2015-06-021-0/+1
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With the planned cgroup writeback support, backing-dev related declarations will be more widely used across block and cgroup; unfortunately, including backing-dev.h from include/linux/blkdev.h makes cyclic include dependency quite likely. This patch separates out backing-dev-defs.h which only has the essential definitions and updates blkdev.h to include it. c files which need access to more backing-dev details now include backing-dev.h directly. This takes backing-dev.h off the common include dependency chain making it a lot easier to use it across block and cgroup. v2: fs/fat build failure fixed. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
* Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2015-04-264-14/+14
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull fourth vfs update from Al Viro: "d_inode() annotations from David Howells (sat in for-next since before the beginning of merge window) + four assorted fixes" * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: RCU pathwalk breakage when running into a symlink overmounting something fix I_DIO_WAKEUP definition direct-io: only inc/dec inode->i_dio_count for file systems fs/9p: fix readdir() VFS: assorted d_backing_inode() annotations VFS: fs/inode.c helpers: d_inode() annotations VFS: fs/cachefiles: d_backing_inode() annotations VFS: fs library helpers: d_inode() annotations VFS: assorted weird filesystems: d_inode() annotations VFS: normal filesystems (and lustre): d_inode() annotations VFS: security/: d_inode() annotations VFS: security/: d_backing_inode() annotations VFS: net/: d_inode() annotations VFS: net/unix: d_backing_inode() annotations VFS: kernel/: d_inode() annotations VFS: audit: d_backing_inode() annotations VFS: Fix up some ->d_inode accesses in the chelsio driver VFS: Cachefiles should perform fs modifications on the top layer only VFS: AF_UNIX sockets should call mknod on the top layer only
| * VFS: normal filesystems (and lustre): d_inode() annotationsDavid Howells2015-04-155-12/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | that's the bulk of filesystem drivers dealing with inodes of their own Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)Linus Torvalds2015-04-1710-147/+100
|\ \ | |/ |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Merge third patchbomb from Andrew Morton: - various misc things - a couple of lib/ optimisations - provide DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST_ULL() - checkpatch updates - rtc tree - befs, nilfs2, hfs, hfsplus, fatfs, adfs, affs, bfs - ptrace fixes - fork() fixes - seccomp cleanups - more mmap_sem hold time reductions from Davidlohr * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (138 commits) proc: show locks in /proc/pid/fdinfo/X docs: add missing and new /proc/PID/status file entries, fix typos drivers/rtc/rtc-at91rm9200.c: make IO endian agnostic Documentation/spi/spidev_test.c: fix warning drivers/rtc/rtc-s5m.c: allow usage on device type different than main MFD type .gitignore: ignore *.tar MAINTAINERS: add Mediatek SoC mailing list tomoyo: reduce mmap_sem hold for mm->exe_file powerpc/oprofile: reduce mmap_sem hold for exe_file oprofile: reduce mmap_sem hold for mm->exe_file mips: ip32: add platform data hooks to use DS1685 driver lib/Kconfig: fix up HAVE_ARCH_BITREVERSE help text x86: switch to using asm-generic for seccomp.h sparc: switch to using asm-generic for seccomp.h powerpc: switch to using asm-generic for seccomp.h parisc: switch to using asm-generic for seccomp.h mips: switch to using asm-generic for seccomp.h microblaze: use asm-generic for seccomp.h arm: use asm-generic for seccomp.h seccomp: allow COMPAT sigreturn overrides ...
| * hfsplus: don't store special "osx" xattr prefix on-diskThomas Hebb2015-04-171-5/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | On Mac OS X, HFS+ extended attributes are not namespaced. Since we want to be compatible with OS X filesystems and yet still support the Linux namespacing system, the hfsplus driver implements a special "osx" namespace that is reported for any attribute that is not namespaced on-disk. However, the current code for getting and setting these unprefixed attributes is broken. hfsplus_osx_setattr() and hfsplus_osx_getattr() are passed names that have already had their "osx." prefixes stripped by the generic functions. The functions first, quite correctly, check those names to make sure that they aren't prefixed with a known namespace, which would allow namespace access restrictions to be bypassed. However, the functions then prepend "osx." to the name they're given before passing it on to hfsplus_getattr() and hfsplus_setattr(). Not only does this cause the "osx." prefix to be stored on-disk, defeating its purpose, it also breaks the check for the special "com.apple.FinderInfo" attribute, which is reported for all files, and as a consequence makes some userspace applications (e.g. GNU patch) fail even when extended attributes are not otherwise in use. There are five commits which have touched this particular code: 127e5f5ae51e ("hfsplus: rework functionality of getting, setting and deleting of extended attributes") b168fff72109 ("hfsplus: use xattr handlers for removexattr") bf29e886b242 ("hfsplus: correct usage of HFSPLUS_ATTR_MAX_STRLEN for non-English attributes") fcacbd95e121 ("fs/hfsplus: move xattr_name allocation in hfsplus_getxattr()") ec1bbd346f18 ("fs/hfsplus: move xattr_name allocation in hfsplus_setxattr()") The first commit creates the functions to begin with. The namespace is prepended by the original code, which I believe was correct at the time, since hfsplus_?etattr() stripped the prefix if found. The second commit removes this behavior from hfsplus_?etattr() and appears to have been intended to also remove the prefixing from hfsplus_osx_?etattr(). However, what it actually does is remove a necessary strncpy() call completely, breaking the osx namespace entirely. The third commit re-adds the strncpy() call as it was originally, but doesn't mention it in its commit message. The final two commits refactor the code and don't affect its functionality. This commit does what b168fff attempted to do (prevent the prefix from being added), but does it properly, instead of passing in an empty buffer (which is what b168fff actually did). Fixes: b168fff72109 ("hfsplus: use xattr handlers for removexattr") Signed-off-by: Thomas Hebb <tommyhebb@gmail.com> Cc: Hin-Tak Leung <htl10@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: Sergei Antonov <saproj@gmail.com> Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com> Cc: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Cc: Christian Kujau <lists@nerdbynature.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Viacheslav Dubeyko <slava@dubeyko.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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