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* kernel: rename show_stack_loglvl() => show_stack()Dmitry Safonov2020-06-091-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | Now the last users of show_stack() got converted to use an explicit log level, show_stack_loglvl() can drop it's redundant suffix and become once again well known show_stack(). Signed-off-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200418201944.482088-51-dima@arista.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* kernel: use show_stack_loglvl()Dmitry Safonov2020-06-091-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Align the last users of show_stack() by KERN_DEFAULT as the surrounding headers/messages. Signed-off-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200418201944.482088-50-dima@arista.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* dump_stack: avoid the livelock of the dump_lockKevin Hao2019-11-061-1/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In the current code, we use the atomic_cmpxchg() to serialize the output of the dump_stack(), but this implementation suffers the thundering herd problem. We have observed such kind of livelock on a Marvell cn96xx board(24 cpus) when heavily using the dump_stack() in a kprobe handler. Actually we can let the competitors to wait for the releasing of the lock before jumping to atomic_cmpxchg(). This will definitely mitigate the thundering herd problem. Thanks Linus for the suggestion. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191030031637.6025-1-haokexin@gmail.com Fixes: b58d977432c8 ("dump_stack: serialize the output from dump_stack()") Signed-off-by: Kevin Hao <haokexin@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* printk: move dump stack related code to lib/dump_stack.cDave Young2018-03-151-0/+60
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dump_stack related stuff should belong to lib/dump_stack.c thus move them there. Also conditionally compile lib/dump_stack.c since dump_stack code does not make sense if printk is disabled. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180213072834.GA24784@dhcp-128-65.nay.redhat.com To: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com> Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Suggested-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
* License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman2017-11-021-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* sched/headers: Prepare for new header dependencies before moving code to ↵Ingo Molnar2017-03-021-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <linux/sched/debug.h> We are going to split <linux/sched/debug.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which will have to be picked up from other headers and a couple of .c files. Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/debug.h> file that just maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and bisectable. Include the new header in the files that are going to need it. Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
* dump_stack: avoid potential deadlocksEric Dumazet2016-02-051-3/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Some servers experienced fatal deadlocks because of a combination of bugs, leading to multiple cpus calling dump_stack(). The checksumming bug was fixed in commit 34ae6a1aa054 ("ipv6: update skb->csum when CE mark is propagated"). The second problem is a faulty locking in dump_stack() CPU1 runs in process context and calls dump_stack(), grabs dump_lock. CPU2 receives a TCP packet under softirq, grabs socket spinlock, and call dump_stack() from netdev_rx_csum_fault(). dump_stack() spins on atomic_cmpxchg(&dump_lock, -1, 2), since dump_lock is owned by CPU1 While dumping its stack, CPU1 is interrupted by a softirq, and happens to process a packet for the TCP socket locked by CPU2. CPU1 spins forever in spin_lock() : deadlock Stack trace on CPU1 looked like : NMI backtrace for cpu 1 RIP: _raw_spin_lock+0x25/0x30 ... Call Trace: <IRQ> tcp_v6_rcv+0x243/0x620 ip6_input_finish+0x11f/0x330 ip6_input+0x38/0x40 ip6_rcv_finish+0x3c/0x90 ipv6_rcv+0x2a9/0x500 process_backlog+0x461/0xaa0 net_rx_action+0x147/0x430 __do_softirq+0x167/0x2d0 call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 do_softirq+0x3f/0x80 irq_exit+0x6e/0xc0 smp_call_function_single_interrupt+0x35/0x40 call_function_single_interrupt+0x6a/0x70 <EOI> printk+0x4d/0x4f printk_address+0x31/0x33 print_trace_address+0x33/0x3c print_context_stack+0x7f/0x119 dump_trace+0x26b/0x28e show_trace_log_lvl+0x4f/0x5c show_stack_log_lvl+0x104/0x113 show_stack+0x42/0x44 dump_stack+0x46/0x58 netdev_rx_csum_fault+0x38/0x3c __skb_checksum_complete_head+0x6e/0x80 __skb_checksum_complete+0x11/0x20 tcp_rcv_established+0x2bd5/0x2fd0 tcp_v6_do_rcv+0x13c/0x620 sk_backlog_rcv+0x15/0x30 release_sock+0xd2/0x150 tcp_recvmsg+0x1c1/0xfc0 inet_recvmsg+0x7d/0x90 sock_recvmsg+0xaf/0xe0 ___sys_recvmsg+0x111/0x3b0 SyS_recvmsg+0x5c/0xb0 system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Fixes: b58d977432c8 ("dump_stack: serialize the output from dump_stack()") Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* asmlinkage: Add explicit __visible to drivers/*, lib/*, kernel/*Andi Kleen2014-05-051-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | As requested by Linus add explicit __visible to the asmlinkage users. This marks functions visible to assembler. Tree sweep for rest of tree. Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1398984278-29319-4-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
* x86, asmlinkage: Make dump_stack visibleAndi Kleen2013-08-061-2/+2
| | | | | | | | dump_stack is used from assembler code, so make it visible. Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1375740170-7446-15-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
* dump_stack: serialize the output from dump_stack()Alex Thorlton2013-07-031-2/+45
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add functionality to serialize the output from dump_stack() to avoid mangling of the output when dump_stack is called simultaneously from multiple cpus. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment indenting, avoid inclusion of <asm/> files - use <linux/> where possiblem fix uniprocessor build (__dump_stack undefined), remove unneeded ifdef around smp.h inclusion] Signed-off-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Reported-by: Russ Anderson <rja@sgi.com> Reviewed-by: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org> Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* dump_stack: consolidate dump_stack() implementations and unify their behaviorsTejun Heo2013-04-301-3/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Both dump_stack() and show_stack() are currently implemented by each architecture. show_stack(NULL, NULL) dumps the backtrace for the current task as does dump_stack(). On some archs, dump_stack() prints extra information - pid, utsname and so on - in addition to the backtrace while the two are identical on other archs. The usages in arch-independent code of the two functions indicate show_stack(NULL, NULL) should print out bare backtrace while dump_stack() is used for debugging purposes when something went wrong, so it does make sense to print additional information on the task which triggered dump_stack(). There's no reason to require archs to implement two separate but mostly identical functions. It leads to unnecessary subtle information. This patch expands the dummy fallback dump_stack() implementation in lib/dump_stack.c such that it prints out debug information (taken from x86) and invokes show_stack(NULL, NULL) and drops arch-specific dump_stack() implementations in all archs except blackfin. Blackfin's dump_stack() does something wonky that I don't understand. Debug information can be printed separately by calling dump_stack_print_info() so that arch-specific dump_stack() implementation can still emit the same debug information. This is used in blackfin. This patch brings the following behavior changes. * On some archs, an extra level in backtrace for show_stack() could be printed. This is because the top frame was determined in dump_stack() on those archs while generic dump_stack() can't do that reliably. It can be compensated by inlining dump_stack() but not sure whether that'd be necessary. * Most archs didn't use to print debug info on dump_stack(). They do now. An example WARN dump follows. WARNING: at kernel/workqueue.c:4841 init_workqueues+0x35/0x505() Hardware name: empty Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.9.0-rc1-work+ #9 0000000000000009 ffff88007c861e08 ffffffff81c614dc ffff88007c861e48 ffffffff8108f50f ffffffff82228240 0000000000000040 ffffffff8234a03c 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 ffff88007c861e58 Call Trace: [<ffffffff81c614dc>] dump_stack+0x19/0x1b [<ffffffff8108f50f>] warn_slowpath_common+0x7f/0xc0 [<ffffffff8108f56a>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20 [<ffffffff8234a071>] init_workqueues+0x35/0x505 ... v2: CPU number added to the generic debug info as requested by s390 folks and dropped the s390 specific dump_stack(). This loses %ksp from the debug message which the maintainers think isn't important enough to keep the s390-specific dump_stack() implementation. dump_stack_print_info() is moved to kernel/printk.c from lib/dump_stack.c. Because linkage is per objecct file, dump_stack_print_info() living in the same lib file as generic dump_stack() means that archs which implement custom dump_stack() - at this point, only blackfin - can't use dump_stack_print_info() as that will bring in the generic version of dump_stack() too. v1 The v1 patch broke build on blackfin due to this issue. The build breakage was reported by Fengguang Wu. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Acked-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> [s390 bits] Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Acked-by: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org> [hexagon bits] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib: reduce the use of module.h wherever possiblePaul Gortmaker2012-03-071-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | For files only using THIS_MODULE and/or EXPORT_SYMBOL, map them onto including export.h -- or if the file isn't even using those, then just delete the include. Fix up any implicit include dependencies that were being masked by module.h along the way. Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
* Linux-2.6.12-rc2v2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds2005-04-161-0/+15
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!