Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver ========================================== Configuration guide Kernel Configuration ==================== To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND). Since ALSA can emulate OSS, you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules. Enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA. If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support" (CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER). To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk" and "Debug" options. To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory" too. "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards. Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API (if the card supports ISA PnP). You don't need to configure the cards using isapnptools. Creating ALSA devices ===================== This depends on your distribution, but normally you use the /dev/MAKEDEV script to create the necessary device nodes. On some systems you use a script named 'snddevices'. Module parameters ================= The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can specify multiple values for the option separated by commas. Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. Module snd ---------- The core ALSA module. It is used by all ALSA card drivers. It takes the following options which have global effects. major - major number for sound driver - Default: 116 cards_limit - limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8) - Default: 1 - For auto-loading more than one card, specify this option together with snd-card-X aliases. device_mode - permission mask for dynamic sound device filesystem - This is available only when DEVFS is enabled - Default: 0666 - E.g.: device_mode=0660 Module snd-pcm-oss ------------------ The PCM OSS emulation module. This module takes options which change the mapping of devices. dsp_map - PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device. - Default: 0 adsp_map - PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device. - Default: 1 nonblock_open - Don't block opening busy PCM devices. For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of the card #0. Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped to PCM #0 of the card #0. For changing the second or later card, specify the option with commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1". nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM regarding opening the device. When this option is non-zero, opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag). Module snd-rawmidi ------------------ This module takes options which change the mapping of devices. similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module. midi_map - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device. - Default: 0 amidi_map - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device. - Default: 1 Common parameters for top sound card modules -------------------------------------------- Each of top level sound card module takes the following options. index - index (slot #) of sound card - Values: 0 through 7 or negative - If nonnegative, assign that index number - if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible indices; the first free permitted index is assigned - Default: -1 id - card ID (identifier or name) - Can be up to 15 characters long - Default: the card type - A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/ containing information about the card - This ID can be used instead of the index number in identifying the card enable - enable card - Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards Module snd-ad1816a ------------------ Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips. port - port # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup) fm_port - port # for OPL3 (PnP setup) irq - IRQ # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup) dma1 - first DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup) dma2 - second DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup) Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and PnP. Module snd-ad1848 ----------------- Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips. port - port # for AD1848 chip irq - IRQ # for AD1848 chip dma1 - DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3) Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional. Module snd-ali5451 ------------------ Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip. pcm_channels - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM spdif - Support SPDIF I/O - Default: disabled Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8). The power-management is supported. Module snd-als100 ----------------- Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips. port - port # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup) irq - IRQ # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup) dma8 - 8-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup) dma16 - 16-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup) fm_port - port # for OPL3 FM (PnP setup) Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and PnP. Module snd-als4000 ------------------ Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip. joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support. 0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and PnP. Module snd-atiixp ----------------- Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 controllers. ac97_clock - AC'97 clock (defalut = 48000) ac97_quirk - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware See the description of intel8x0 module for details. spdif_aclink - S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1) This module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-atiixp-modem ----------------------- Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers. Module supports up to 8 cards. Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first slot is excluded. Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830 ----------------------------------------- Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device. pcifix - Control PCI workarounds 0 = Disable all workarounds 1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff 2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge 3 = Force both settings 255 = Autodetect what is required (default) This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development. Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/ SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru. The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and Advantage. Note: Some ALSA mixer applicactions don't handle the SPDIF samplerate control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works). Module snd-azt2320 ------------------ Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only). port - port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup) wss_port - port # for WSS (PnP setup) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup) fm_port - FM port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup) irq - IRQ # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup) dma1 - 1st DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup) dma2 - 2nd DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup) Module supports up to 8 cards, PnP and autoprobe. Module snd-azt3328 ------------------ Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip. joystick - Enable joystick (default off) Module supports up to 8 cards. Module snd-bt87x ---------------- Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips. digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz) load_all - Load the driver even if the card model isn't known Module supports up to 8 cards. Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first slot is excluded. Module snd-ca0106 ----------------- Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit Module supports up to 8 cards. Module snd-cmi8330 ------------------ Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips. wssport - port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS) wssirq - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS) wssdma - first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS) sbport - port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16) sbirq - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16) sbdma8 - 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16) sbdma16 - 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16) Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-cmipci ----------------- Module for C-Media CMI8338 and 8738 PCI sound cards. mpu_port - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, 0 = disable (default) fm_port - 0x388 (default), 0 = disable (default) soft_ac3 - Sofware-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only) (default = 1) joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect) Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8). Module snd-cs4231 ----------------- Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips. port - port # for CS4231 chip mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable irq - IRQ # for CS4231 chip mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART dma1 - first DMA # for CS4231 chip dma2 - second DMA # for CS4231 chip Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional. The power-management is supported. Module snd-cs4232 ----------------- Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A ISA chips. port - port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x534) cport - control port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable fm_port - FM port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable irq - IRQ # for CS4232 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15) dma1 - first DMA # for CS4232 chip (0,1,3) dma2 - second DMA # for Yamaha CS4232 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default) Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional. The power-management is supported. Module snd-cs4236 ----------------- Module for sound cards based on CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/ CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips. port - port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534) cport - control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable fm_port - FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable irq - IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15) dma1 - first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3) dma2 - second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default) Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional. The power-management is supported. Module snd-cs4281 ----------------- Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip. dual_codec - Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default) Module supports up to 8 cards. The power-management is supported. Module snd-cs46xx ----------------- Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/ CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips. external_amp - Force to enable external amplifer. thinkpad - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control. mmap_valid - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0). Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically from PCI sub vendor/device ids. If they don't work, give the options above explicitly. The power-management is supported. Module snd-dt019x ----------------- Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP only) port - Port # (PnP setup) mpu_port - Port # for MPU-401 (PnP setup) fm_port - Port # for FM OPL-3 (PnP setup) irq - IRQ # (PnP setup) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup) dma8 - DMA # (PnP setup) Module supports up to 8 cards. This module is enabled only with ISA PnP support. Module snd-dummy ---------------- Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output or input, but you may use this module for any application which requires a sound card (like RealPlayer). Module snd-emu10k1 ------------------ Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards. * Sound Blaster Live! * Sound Blaster PCI 512 * Emu APS (partially supported) * Sound Blaster Audigy extin - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow) extout - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow) seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default) max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default) max_buffer_size - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers given in MB unit. Default value is 128. enable_ir - enable IR Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Input & Output configurations [extin/extout] * Creative Card wo/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f03] * Creative Card w/Digital out [0x0003/0x1f0f] * Creative Card w/Digital CD in [0x000f/0x1f0f] * Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fc3] * Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fcf] * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive [0x3fcf/0x1fcf] * Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f] * Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fc3/0x1f0f] * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f] * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive [0x3fc3/0x1fff] * Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003 [0x3fc3/0x7cff] * Creative Card all ins and outs [0x3fff/0x7fff] Module snd-emu10k1x ------------------- Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version) Module supports up to 8 cards. Module snd-ens1370 ------------------ Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards. * SoundBlaster PCI 64 * SoundBlaster PCI 128 joystick - Enable joystick (default off) Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-ens1371 ------------------ Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards. * SoundBlaster PCI 64 * SoundBlaster PCI 128 * SoundBlaster Vibra PCI joystick_port - port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218), 0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-es968 ---------------- Module for sound cards based on ESS ES968 chip (PnP only). port - port # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup) irq - IRQ # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup) dma1 - DMA # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup) Module supports up to 8 cards, PnP and autoprobe. Module snd-es1688 ----------------- Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards. port - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default) irq - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10) dma8 - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3) Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port). Module snd-es18xx ----------------- Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards. port - port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default) fm_port - port # for FM (optional, not used) irq - IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10) dma1 - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3) dma2 - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3) isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default) Module supports up to 8 cards ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port if native ISA PnP routines are not used). When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex. The power-management is supported. Module snd-es1938 ----------------- Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips. Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-es1968 ----------------- Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips. total_bufsize - total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB) pcm_substreams_p - playback channels (1-8, default=2) pcm_substreams_c - capture channels (1-8, default=0) clock - clock (0 = auto-detection) use_pm - support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default)) enable_mpu - enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default)) joystick - enable joystick (default off) Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. The power-management is supported. Module snd-fm801 ---------------- Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards. tea575x_tuner - Enable TEA575x tuner - 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS - 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR - 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR - High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1 - example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1) Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-gusclassic --------------------- Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card. port - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260) irq - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15) dma1 - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7) dma2 - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable) joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V) voices - GF1 voices limit (14-32) pcm_voices - reserved PCM voices Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-gusextreme --------------------- Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card. port - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260) gf1_port - port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable irq - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10) gf1_irq - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10) dma8 - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3) dma1 - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7) joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V) voices - GF1 voices limit (14-32) pcm_voices - reserved PCM voices Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port). Module snd-gusmax ----------------- Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card. port - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260) irq - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15) dma1 - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7) dma2 - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable) joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V) voices - GF1 voices limit (14-32) pcm_voices - reserved PCM voices Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-hda-intel -------------------- Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ICH7) model - force the model name position_fix - Fix DMA pointer (0 = FIFO size, 1 = none, 2 = POSBUF) Module supports up to 8 cards. Each codec may have a model table for different configurations. If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal) configuration is set up. You can pass "model=" option to specify a certain model in such a case. There are different models depending on the codec chip. Model name Description ---------- ----------- ALC880 3stack 3-jack in back and a headphone out 3stack-digout 3-jack in back, a HP out and a SPDIF out 5stack 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front 5stack-digout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, a SPDIF out w810 3-jack CMI9880 minimal 3-jack in back min_fp 3-jack in back, 2-jack in front full 6-jack in back, 2-jack in front full_dig 6-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF I/O allout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF out Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option position_fix=1 or 2. position_fix=1 will use the SD_LPIB register value without FIFO size correction as the current DMA pointer. position_fix=2 will make the driver to use the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register. (Usually SD_LPLIB register is more accurate than the position buffer.) Module snd-hdsp --------------- Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s) Module supports up to 8 cards. Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug when CONFIG_FW_LOADER is set. Otherwise, you need to load the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools package. The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package. Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance when any HDSP cards are found. To make the buffer allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early stage of boot sequence. Module snd-ice1712 ------------------ Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards. * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT * MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 66 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 44 * MidiMan M Audio Delta 410 * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496 * TerraTec EWS 88MT * TerraTec EWS 88D * TerraTec EWX 24/96 * TerraTec DMX 6Fire * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1 * Digigram VX442 model - Use the given board model, one of the following: delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410, delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d, dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8 omni - Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66 cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transciever) in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec) Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta serie). Module snd-ice1724 ------------------ Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724) based PCI sound cards. * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1 * AMP Ltd AUDIO2000 * TerraTec Aureon Sky-5.1, Space-7.1 model - Use the given board model, one of the following: revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, aureon51, aureon71, k8x800 Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-intel8x0 ------------------- Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles. * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 * SiS 7012 (SiS 735) * NVidia NForce, NForce2 * AMD AMD768, AMD8111 * ALi m5455 ac97_clock - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect) ac97_quirk - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware The following strings are accepted: default = don't override the default setting disable = disable the quirk hp_only = use headphone control as master swap_hp = swap headphone and master controls swap_surround = swap master and surround controls ad_sharing = for AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone alc_jack = for ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode inv_eapd = inverted EAPD implementation mute_led = bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0, ... are accepted, too. buggy_irq - Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some motherboards (default off) Module supports autoprobe and multiple bus-master chips (max 8). Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock. if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194". Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver. If your motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401 modules, respectively. The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for specific devices. Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master and Headphone, or Surround. The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices, but some might be unknown or wrongly detected. In such a case, pass the proper value with this option. The power-management is supported. Module snd-intel8x0m -------------------- Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems. ac97_clock - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect) This module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first slot is excluded. Module snd-interwave -------------------- Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32 and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip. port - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260) irq - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15) dma1 - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7) dma2 - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable) joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V) midi - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default) pcm_voices - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2) effect - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP. Module snd-interwave-stb ------------------------ Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq) and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume. port - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260) port_tc - tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380) irq - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15) dma1 - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7) dma2 - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable) joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V) midi - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default) pcm_voices - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2) effect - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP. Module snd-korg1212 ------------------- Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card Module supports up to 8 cards. Module snd-maestro3 ------------------- Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips external_amp - enable external amp (enabled by default) amp_gpio - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for others) Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8). Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware. If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option. For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d" option. The power-management is supported. Module snd-mixart ----------------- Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards. Module supports multiple cards. Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards. See MIXART.txt for details. When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically. Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package. When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package. Module snd-mpu401 ----------------- Module for MPU-401 UART devices. port - port number or -1 (disable) irq - IRQ number or -1 (disable) pnp - PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default) Module supports multiple devices (max 8) and PnP. Module snd-mtpav ---------------- Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel port). port - I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378) irq - IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7) hwports - number of supported hardware ports, default=8. Module supports only 1 card. This module has no enable option. Module snd-nm256 ---------------- Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB) capture_bufsize - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB) force_ac97 - 0 or 1 (disabled by default) buffer_top - specify buffer top address use_cache - 0 or 1 (disabled by default) vaio_hack - alias buffer_top=0x25a800 reset_workaround - enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8). The power-management is supported. Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization. In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicity via buffer_top option. For example, Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800 Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800 The driver supports only ac97 codec. It's possible to force to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected. In such a case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it works! Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97 codecs. This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips, even though the device is detected in lspci. In such a case, try other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2. Some has ISA-PnP but some doesn't have ISA PnP. You'll need to speicfy isapnp=0 and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP. Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET. For the known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this workaround is enabled automatically. For other laptops with a hard freeze, you can try reset_workaround=1 option. Note: This driver is really crappy. It's a porting from the OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering. The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after* X-server as described above. You might be able to force to load the module, but it may result in hang-up. Hence, make sure that you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of problem. Module snd-opl3sa2 ------------------ Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards. port - control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370) sb_port - SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240) wss_port - WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604) midi_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable fm_port - FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable irq - IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10) dma1 - first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3) dma2 - second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default) Module supports up to 8 cards and ISA PnP. This module does not support autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!! The power-management is supported. Module snd-opti92x-ad1848 ------------------------- Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips. Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well. port - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330) fm_port - port # for OPL3 device (0x388) irq - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10) dma1 - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3) This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP. Module snd-opti92x-cs4231 ------------------------- Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips. port - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330) fm_port - port # for OPL3 device (0x388) irq - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10) dma1 - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3) dma2 - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3) This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP. Module snd-opti93x ------------------ Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips. port - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330) fm_port - port # for OPL3 device (0x388) irq - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11) mpu_irq - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10) dma1 - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3) dma2 - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3) This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP. Module snd-powermac (on ppc only) --------------------------------- Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips enable_beep - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default) Module supports autoprobe a chip. Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess. The power-management is supported. Module snd-rme32 ---------------- Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32, Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards. Module supports up to 8 cards. Module snd-rme96 ---------------- Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards. Module supports up to 8 cards. Module snd-rme9652 ------------------ Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards. precise_ptr - Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably). (default = 0) Module supports up to 8 cards. Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem module did formerly. It will allocate the buffers in advance when any RME9652 cards are found. To make the buffer allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early stage of boot sequence. Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only) --------------------------------------- Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card. Module supports only one card. Module has no enable and index options. Module snd-sb8 -------------- Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0, SoundBlaster 2.0, SoundBlaster Pro port - port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260) irq - IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10) dma8 - DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3) Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe ----------------------------- Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP), SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP), SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP port - port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260) mpu_port - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable awe_port - base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660) (snd-sbawe module only) irq - IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10) dma8 - 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3) dma16 - 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7) mic_agc - Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default) csp - ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default) Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP. Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter. Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their 16-bit DMA channel. Module snd-sgalaxy ------------------ Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy sound card. sbport - Port # for SB16 interface (0x220,0x240) wssport - Port # for WSS interface (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604) irq - IRQ # (7,9,10,11) dma1 - DMA # Module supports up to 8 cards. Module snd-sscape ----------------- Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape PnP cards. port - Port # (PnP setup) irq - IRQ # (PnP setup) mpu_irq - MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup) dma - DMA # (PnP setup) Module supports up to 8 cards. ISA PnP must be enabled. You need sscape_ctl tool in alsa-tools package for loading the microcode. Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only) -------------------------------------- Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs. Module supports up to 8 cards. Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only) ------------------------------------- Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs. Module supports up to 8 cards. Module snd-wavefront -------------------- Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards. cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface. cs4232_pcm_irq - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15). cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface. cs4232_mpu_irq - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15). use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface (inaccessibly located inside your computer) ics2115_port - Port # for ICS2115 ics2115_irq - IRQ # for ICS2115 fm_port - FM OPL-3 Port # dma1 - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface. dma2 - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface. isapnp - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default) Module supports up to 8 cards and ISA PnP. Module snd-sonicvibes --------------------- Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards. * PINE Schubert 32 PCI reverb - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default) - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this. mge - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default) Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Module snd-serial-u16550 ------------------------ Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports. port - port # for UART16550A chip irq - IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode speed - speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200) 38400 = default base - base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800) 115200 = default outs - number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4) 1 = default adaptor - Type of adaptor. 0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A, 3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional. Module snd-trident ------------------ Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards. * Best Union Miss Melody 4DWave PCI * HIS 4DWave PCI * Warpspeed ONSpeed 4DWave PCI * AzTech PCI 64-Q3D * Addonics SV 750 * CHIC True Sound 4Dwave * Shark Predator4D-PCI * Jaton SonicWave 4D pcm_channels - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb) Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. The power-management is supported. Module snd-usb-audio -------------------- Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices. vid - Vendor ID for the device (optional) pid - Product ID for the device (optional) This module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and hotplugging. Module snd-usb-usx2y -------------------- Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices. This module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and hotplugging. Note: you need to load the firmware via usx2yloader utility included in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages. Module snd-via82xx ------------------ Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233, 8233A, 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge. mpu_port - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup [VIA686A/686B only] joystick - Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only] ac97_clock - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz) dxs_support - support DXS channels, 0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable, 3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample rate and different sample rates on different channels [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only] ac97_quirk - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware See the description of intel8x0 module for details. Module supports autoprobe and multiple bus-master chips (max 8). Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might not be generated properly. In such a case, please try to set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of default value 1.4. Then the interrupt number will be assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS. Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound) channels as the first PCM. On these channels, up to 4 streams can be played at the same time, and the controller can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for each channel. As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen except for the known devices since the output is often noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the bug of BIOS. Please try once dxs_support=5 and if it works on other sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of "lspci -nv"). If dxs_support=5 does not work, try dxs_support=1; if it doesn't work too, try dxs_support=4. If it still doesn't work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the right choice. If the default setting doesn't work at all, try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels. In any cases, please let us know the result and the subsystem vendor/device ids. Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver additonally. The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only. Module snd-via82xx-modem ------------------------ Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem ac97_clock - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz) Module supports up to 8 cards. Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first slot is excluded. Module snd-virmidi ------------------ Module for virtual rawmidi devices. This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports. midi_devs - MIDI devices # (1-8, default=4) Module supports up to 8 cards. Module snd-vx222 ---------------- Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards. mic - Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI) ibl - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size) Module supports up to 8 cards. When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically. Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package. When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package. To invoke vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.conf install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to /etc/modules.conf, instead.) IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM. The smaller size gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too. The size is usually aligned to 126. As default (=0), the smallest size is chosen. The possible IBL values can be found in /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file. Module snd-vxpocket ------------------- Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 PCMCIA card. ibl - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size) Module supports up to 8 cards. The module is compiled only when PCMCIA is supported on kernel. To activate the driver via the card manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf. See the sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c. When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically. Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package. When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package. About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module. Note: the driver is build only when CONFIG_ISA is set. Module snd-vxp440 ----------------- Module for Digigram VX-Pocket 440 PCMCIA card. ibl - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size) Module supports up to 8 cards. The module is compiled only when PCMCIA is supported on kernel. To activate the driver via the card manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxp440.conf. See the sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp440.c. When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically. Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package. When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package. About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module. Note: the driver is build only when CONFIG_ISA is set. Module snd-ymfpci ----------------- Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x). mpu_port - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default, 1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only) fm_port - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default 1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only) joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default, 1 (auto-detect) rear_switch - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool) Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8). The power-management is supported. Module snd-pdaudiocf -------------------- Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card. Note: the driver is build only when CONFIG_ISA is set. Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards ============================ When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp". If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed. For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option together with the proper i/o and irq configuration. When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option will be not built in. Module Autoloading Support ========================== The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining module aliases. The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native devices where %i is sound card number from zero to seven. To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string 'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which corresponds to the card index of ALSA. Usually, define this as the the same card module. An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below: ----- /etc/modprobe.conf alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1 alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module option "cards_limit" of snd module. As default it's set to 1. To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of sound cards in that option. When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of cards is kept consistent. An example configuration for two sound cards is like below: ----- /etc/modprobe.conf # ALSA portion options snd cards_limit=2 alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371 options snd-interwave index=0 options snd-ens1371 index=1 # OSS/Free portion alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371 ----- /etc/moprobe.conf In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card (index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1). ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping ======================================= /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp) -> minor 3 /dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp) -> minor 12 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio1 -> minor 4+16 = 20 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp1 -> minor 3+16 = 19 /dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp1 -> minor 12+16 = 28 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/audio2 -> minor 4+32 = 36 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p] -> /dev/dsp2 -> minor 3+32 = 39 /dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p] -> /dev/adsp2 -> minor 12+32 = 44 The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p] expression means sound card number and second means device number. The ALSA devices have either 'c' or 'p' suffix indicating the direction, capture and playback, respectively. Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module options of snd-pcm-oss module. DEVFS support ============= The ALSA driver fully supports the devfs extension. You should add lines below to your devfsd.conf file: LOOKUP snd MODLOAD ACTION snd REGISTER ^sound/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660 REGISTER ^snd/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660 Warning: These lines assume that you have the audio group in your system. Otherwise replace audio word with another group name (root for example). Proc interfaces (/proc/asound) ============================== /proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss ------------------------------- String "erase" - erase all additional informations about OSS applications String " []" - name of application with (higher priority) or without path - number of fragments or zero if auto - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto - optional parameters - disable the application tries to open a pcm device for this channel but does not want to use it. (Cause a bug or mmap needs) It's good for Quake etc... - direct don't use plugins - block force block mode (rvplayer) - non-block force non-block mode - whole-frag write only whole fragments (optimization affecting playback only) - no-silence do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss Links ===== ALSA project homepage http://www.alsa-project.org