/* * Copyright (C) 2005 David Brownell * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #ifndef __LINUX_SPI_H #define __LINUX_SPI_H /* * INTERFACES between SPI master-side drivers and SPI infrastructure. * (There's no SPI slave support for Linux yet...) */ extern struct bus_type spi_bus_type; /** * struct spi_device - Master side proxy for an SPI slave device * @dev: Driver model representation of the device. * @master: SPI controller used with the device. * @max_speed_hz: Maximum clock rate to be used with this chip * (on this board); may be changed by the device's driver. * @chip-select: Chipselect, distinguishing chips handled by "master". * @mode: The spi mode defines how data is clocked out and in. * This may be changed by the device's driver. * @bits_per_word: Data transfers involve one or more words; word sizes * like eight or 12 bits are common. In-memory wordsizes are * powers of two bytes (e.g. 20 bit samples use 32 bits). * This may be changed by the device's driver. * @irq: Negative, or the number passed to request_irq() to receive * interrupts from this device. * @controller_state: Controller's runtime state * @controller_data: Board-specific definitions for controller, such as * FIFO initialization parameters; from board_info.controller_data * * An spi_device is used to interchange data between an SPI slave * (usually a discrete chip) and CPU memory. * * In "dev", the platform_data is used to hold information about this * device that's meaningful to the device's protocol driver, but not * to its controller. One example might be an identifier for a chip * variant with slightly different functionality. */ struct spi_device { struct device dev; struct spi_master *master; u32 max_speed_hz; u8 chip_select; u8 mode; #define SPI_CPHA 0x01 /* clock phase */ #define SPI_CPOL 0x02 /* clock polarity */ #define SPI_MODE_0 (0|0) #define SPI_MODE_1 (0|SPI_CPHA) /* (original MicroWire) */ #define SPI_MODE_2 (SPI_CPOL|0) #define SPI_MODE_3 (SPI_CPOL|SPI_CPHA) #define SPI_CS_HIGH 0x04 /* chipselect active high? */ u8 bits_per_word; int irq; void *controller_state; void *controller_data; const char *modalias; // likely need more hooks for more protocol options affecting how // the controller talks to each chip, like: // - bit order (default is wordwise msb-first) // - memory packing (12 bit samples into low bits, others zeroed) // - priority // - drop chipselect after each word // - chipselect delays // - ... }; static inline struct spi_device *to_spi_device(struct device *dev) { return dev ? container_of(dev, struct spi_device, dev) : NULL; } /* most drivers won't need to care about device refcounting */ static inline struct spi_device *spi_dev_get(struct spi_device *spi) { return (spi && get_device(&spi->dev)) ? spi : NULL; } static inline void spi_dev_put(struct spi_device *spi) { if (spi) put_device(&spi->dev); } /* ctldata is for the bus_master driver's runtime state */ static inline void *spi_get_ctldata(struct spi_device *spi) { return spi->controller_state; } static inline void spi_set_ctldata(struct spi_device *spi, void *state) { spi->controller_state = state; } struct spi_message; struct spi_driver { int (*probe)(struct spi_device *spi); int (*remove)(struct spi_device *spi); void (*shutdown)(struct spi_device *spi); int (*suspend)(struct spi_device *spi, pm_message_t mesg); int (*resume)(struct spi_device *spi); struct device_driver driver; }; static inline struct spi_driver *to_spi_driver(struct device_driver *drv) { return drv ? container_of(drv, struct spi_driver, driver) : NULL; } extern int spi_register_driver(struct spi_driver *sdrv); static inline void spi_unregister_driver(struct spi_driver *sdrv) { if (!sdrv) return; driver_unregister(&sdrv->driver); } /** * struct spi_master - interface to SPI master controller * @cdev: class interface to this driver * @bus_num: board-specific (and often SOC-specific) identifier for a * given SPI controller. * @num_chipselect: chipselects are used to distinguish individual * SPI slaves, and are numbered from zero to num_chipselects. * each slave has a chipselect signal, but it's common that not * every chipselect is connected to a slave. * @setup: updates the device mode and clocking records used by a * device's SPI controller; protocol code may call this. * @transfer: adds a message to the controller's transfer queue. * @cleanup: frees controller-specific state * * Each SPI master controller can communicate with one or more spi_device * children. These make a small bus, sharing MOSI, MISO and SCK signals * but not chip select signals. Each device may be configured to use a * different clock rate, since those shared signals are ignored unless * the chip is selected. * * The driver for an SPI controller manages access to those devices through * a queue of spi_message transactions, copyin data between CPU memory and * an SPI slave device). For each such message it queues, it calls the * message's completion function when the transaction completes. */ struct spi_master { struct class_device cdev; /* other than zero (== assign one dynamically), bus_num is fully * board-specific. usually that simplifies to being SOC-specific. * example: one SOC has three SPI controllers, numbered 1..3, * and one board's schematics might show it using SPI-2. software * would normally use bus_num=2 for that controller. */ u16 bus_num; /* chipselects will be integral to many controllers; some others * might use board-specific GPIOs. */ u16 num_chipselect; /* setup mode and clock, etc (spi driver may call many times) */ int (*setup)(struct spi_device *spi); /* bidirectional bulk transfers * * + The transfer() method may not sleep; its main role is * just to add the message to the queue. * + For now there's no remove-from-queue operation, or * any other request management * + To a given spi_device, message queueing is pure fifo * * + The master's main job is to process its message queue, * selecting a chip then transferring data * + If there are multiple spi_device children, the i/o queue * arbitration algorithm is unspecified (round robin, fifo, * priority, reservations, preemption, etc) * * + Chipselect stays active during the entire message * (unless modified by spi_transfer.cs_change != 0). * + The message transfers use clock and SPI mode parameters * previously established by setup() for this device */ int (*transfer)(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *mesg); /* called on release() to free memory provided by spi_master */ void (*cleanup)(const struct spi_device *spi); }; /* the spi driver core manages memory for the spi_master classdev */ extern struct spi_master * spi_alloc_master(struct device *host, unsigned size); extern int spi_register_master(struct spi_master *master); extern void spi_unregister_master(struct spi_master *master); extern struct spi_master *spi_busnum_to_master(u16 busnum); /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* * I/O INTERFACE between SPI controller and protocol drivers * * Protocol drivers use a queue of spi_messages, each transferring data * between the controller and memory buffers. * * The spi_messages themselves consist of a series of read+write transfer * segments. Those segments always read the same number of bits as they * write; but one or the other is easily ignored by passing a null buffer * pointer. (This is unlike most types of I/O API, because SPI hardware * is full duplex.) * * NOTE: Allocation of spi_transfer and spi_message memory is entirely * up to the protocol driver, which guarantees the integrity of both (as * well as the data buffers) for as long as the message is queued. */ /** * struct spi_transfer - a read/write buffer pair * @tx_buf: data to be written (dma-safe address), or NULL * @rx_buf: data to be read (dma-safe address), or NULL * @tx_dma: DMA address of buffer, if spi_message.is_dma_mapped * @rx_dma: DMA address of buffer, if spi_message.is_dma_mapped * @len: size of rx and tx buffers (in bytes) * @cs_change: affects chipselect after this transfer completes * @delay_usecs: microseconds to delay after this transfer before * (optionally) changing the chipselect status, then starting * the next transfer or completing this spi_message. * * SPI transfers always write the same number of bytes as they read. * Protocol drivers should always provide rx_buf and/or tx_buf. * In some cases, they may also want to provide DMA addresses for * the data being transferred; that may reduce overhead, when the * underlying driver uses dma. * * All SPI transfers start with the relevant chipselect active. Drivers * can change behavior of the chipselect after the transfer finishes * (including any mandatory delay). The normal behavior is to leave it * selected, except for the last transfer in a message. Setting cs_change * allows two additional behavior options: * * (i) If the transfer isn't the last one in the message, this flag is * used to make the chipselect briefly go inactive in the middle of the * message. Toggling chipselect in this way may be needed to terminate * a chip command, letting a single spi_message perform all of group of * chip transactions together. * * (ii) When the transfer is the last one in the message, the chip may * stay selected until the next transfer. This is purely a performance * hint; the controller driver may need to select a different device * for the next message. */ struct spi_transfer { /* it's ok if tx_buf == rx_buf (right?) * for MicroWire, one buffer must be null * buffers must work with dma_*map_single() calls */ const void *tx_buf; void *rx_buf; unsigned len; dma_addr_t tx_dma; dma_addr_t rx_dma; unsigned cs_change:1; u16 delay_usecs; }; /** * struct spi_message - one multi-segment SPI transaction * @transfers: the segements of the transaction * @n_transfer: how many segments * @spi: SPI device to which the transaction is queued * @is_dma_mapped: if true, the caller provided both dma and cpu virtual * addresses for each transfer buffer * @complete: called to report transaction completions * @context: the argument to complete() when it's called * @actual_length: the total number of bytes that were transferred in all * successful segments * @status: zero for success, else negative errno * @queue: for use by whichever driver currently owns the message * @state: for use by whichever driver currently owns the message */ struct spi_message { struct spi_transfer *transfers; unsigned n_transfer; struct spi_device *spi; unsigned is_dma_mapped:1; /* REVISIT: we might want a flag affecting the behavior of the * last transfer ... allowing things like "read 16 bit length L" * immediately followed by "read L bytes". Basically imposing * a specific message scheduling algorithm. * * Some controller drivers (message-at-a-time queue processing) * could provide that as their default scheduling algorithm. But * others (with multi-message pipelines) could need a flag to * tell them about such special cases. */ /* completion is reported through a callback */ void FASTCALL((*complete)(void *context)); void *context; unsigned actual_length; int status; /* for optional use by whatever driver currently owns the * spi_message ... between calls to spi_async and then later * complete(), that's the spi_master controller driver. */ struct list_head queue; void *state; }; /** * spi_setup -- setup SPI mode and clock rate * @spi: the device whose settings are being modified * * SPI protocol drivers may need to update the transfer mode if the * device doesn't work with the mode 0 default. They may likewise need * to update clock rates or word sizes from initial values. This function * changes those settings, and must be called from a context that can sleep. */ static inline int spi_setup(struct spi_device *spi) { return spi->master->setup(spi); } /** * spi_async -- asynchronous SPI transfer * @spi: device with which data will be exchanged * @message: describes the data transfers, including completion callback * * This call may be used in_irq and other contexts which can't sleep, * as well as from task contexts which can sleep. * * The completion callback is invoked in a context which can't sleep. * Before that invocation, the value of message->status is undefined. * When the callback is issued, message->status holds either zero (to * indicate complete success) or a negative error code. * * Note that although all messages to a spi_device are handled in * FIFO order, messages may go to different devices in other orders. * Some device might be higher priority, or have various "hard" access * time requirements, for example. * * On detection of any fault during the transfer, processing of * the entire message is aborted, and the device is deselected. * Until returning from the associated message completion callback, * no other spi_message queued to that device will be processed. * (This rule applies equally to all the synchronous transfer calls, * which are wrappers around this core asynchronous primitive.) */ static inline int spi_async(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *message) { message->spi = spi; return spi->master->transfer(spi, message); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* All these synchronous SPI transfer routines are utilities layered * over the core async transfer primitive. Here, "synchronous" means * they will sleep uninterruptibly until the async transfer completes. */ extern int spi_sync(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *message); /** * spi_write - SPI synchronous write * @spi: device to which data will be written * @buf: data buffer * @len: data buffer size * * This writes the buffer and returns zero or a negative error code. * Callable only from contexts that can sleep. */ static inline int spi_write(struct spi_device *spi, const u8 *buf, size_t len) { struct spi_transfer t = { .tx_buf = buf, .rx_buf = NULL, .len = len, .cs_change = 0, }; struct spi_message m = { .transfers = &t, .n_transfer = 1, }; return spi_sync(spi, &m); } /** * spi_read - SPI synchronous read * @spi: device from which data will be read * @buf: data buffer * @len: data buffer size * * This writes the buffer and returns zero or a negative error code. * Callable only from contexts that can sleep. */ static inline int spi_read(struct spi_device *spi, u8 *buf, size_t len) { struct spi_transfer t = { .tx_buf = NULL, .rx_buf = buf, .len = len, .cs_change = 0, }; struct spi_message m = { .transfers = &t, .n_transfer = 1, }; return spi_sync(spi, &m); } extern int spi_write_then_read(struct spi_device *spi, const u8 *txbuf, unsigned n_tx, u8 *rxbuf, unsigned n_rx); /** * spi_w8r8 - SPI synchronous 8 bit write followed by 8 bit read * @spi: device with which data will be exchanged * @cmd: command to be written before data is read back * * This returns the (unsigned) eight bit number returned by the * device, or else a negative error code. Callable only from * contexts that can sleep. */ static inline ssize_t spi_w8r8(struct spi_device *spi, u8 cmd) { ssize_t status; u8 result; status = spi_write_then_read(spi, &cmd, 1, &result, 1); /* return negative errno or unsigned value */ return (status < 0) ? status : result; } /** * spi_w8r16 - SPI synchronous 8 bit write followed by 16 bit read * @spi: device with which data will be exchanged * @cmd: command to be written before data is read back * * This returns the (unsigned) sixteen bit number returned by the * device, or else a negative error code. Callable only from * contexts that can sleep. * * The number is returned in wire-order, which is at least sometimes * big-endian. */ static inline ssize_t spi_w8r16(struct spi_device *spi, u8 cmd) { ssize_t status; u16 result; status = spi_write_then_read(spi, &cmd, 1, (u8 *) &result, 2); /* return negative errno or unsigned value */ return (status < 0) ? status : result; } /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* * INTERFACE between board init code and SPI infrastructure. * * No SPI driver ever sees these SPI device table segments, but * it's how the SPI core (or adapters that get hotplugged) grows * the driver model tree. * * As a rule, SPI devices can't be probed. Instead, board init code * provides a table listing the devices which are present, with enough * information to bind and set up the device's driver. There's basic * support for nonstatic configurations too; enough to handle adding * parport adapters, or microcontrollers acting as USB-to-SPI bridges. */ /* board-specific information about each SPI device */ struct spi_board_info { /* the device name and module name are coupled, like platform_bus; * "modalias" is normally the driver name. * * platform_data goes to spi_device.dev.platform_data, * controller_data goes to spi_device.controller_data, * irq is copied too */ char modalias[KOBJ_NAME_LEN]; const void *platform_data; void *controller_data; int irq; /* slower signaling on noisy or low voltage boards */ u32 max_speed_hz; /* bus_num is board specific and matches the bus_num of some * spi_master that will probably be registered later. * * chip_select reflects how this chip is wired to that master; * it's less than num_chipselect. */ u16 bus_num; u16 chip_select; /* ... may need additional spi_device chip config data here. * avoid stuff protocol drivers can set; but include stuff * needed to behave without being bound to a driver: * - chipselect polarity * - quirks like clock rate mattering when not selected */ }; #ifdef CONFIG_SPI extern int spi_register_board_info(struct spi_board_info const *info, unsigned n); #else /* board init code may ignore whether SPI is configured or not */ static inline int spi_register_board_info(struct spi_board_info const *info, unsigned n) { return 0; } #endif /* If you're hotplugging an adapter with devices (parport, usb, etc) * use spi_new_device() to describe each device. You would then call * spi_unregister_device() to start making that device vanish. */ extern struct spi_device * spi_new_device(struct spi_master *, struct spi_board_info *); static inline void spi_unregister_device(struct spi_device *spi) { if (spi) device_unregister(&spi->dev); } #endif /* __LINUX_SPI_H */