/* * Detect hard and soft lockups on a system * * started by Don Zickus, Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc. * * Note: Most of this code is borrowed heavily from the original softlockup * detector, so thanks to Ingo for the initial implementation. * Some chunks also taken from the old x86-specific nmi watchdog code, thanks * to those contributors as well. */ #define pr_fmt(fmt) "NMI watchdog: " fmt #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/cpu.h> #include <linux/nmi.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/delay.h> #include <linux/freezer.h> #include <linux/kthread.h> #include <linux/lockdep.h> #include <linux/notifier.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/sysctl.h> #include <asm/irq_regs.h> #include <linux/kvm_para.h> #include <linux/perf_event.h> int watchdog_enabled = 1; int __read_mostly watchdog_thresh = 10; static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, watchdog_touch_ts); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct task_struct *, softlockup_watchdog); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hrtimer, watchdog_hrtimer); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, softlockup_touch_sync); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, soft_watchdog_warn); #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, hard_watchdog_warn); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, watchdog_nmi_touch); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, hrtimer_interrupts); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, hrtimer_interrupts_saved); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_event *, watchdog_ev); #endif /* boot commands */ /* * Should we panic when a soft-lockup or hard-lockup occurs: */ #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR static int hardlockup_panic = CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HARDLOCKUP_PANIC_VALUE; static int __init hardlockup_panic_setup(char *str) { if (!strncmp(str, "panic", 5)) hardlockup_panic = 1; else if (!strncmp(str, "nopanic", 7)) hardlockup_panic = 0; else if (!strncmp(str, "0", 1)) watchdog_enabled = 0; return 1; } __setup("nmi_watchdog=", hardlockup_panic_setup); #endif unsigned int __read_mostly softlockup_panic = CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_SOFTLOCKUP_PANIC_VALUE; static int __init softlockup_panic_setup(char *str) { softlockup_panic = simple_strtoul(str, NULL, 0); return 1; } __setup("softlockup_panic=", softlockup_panic_setup); static int __init nowatchdog_setup(char *str) { watchdog_enabled = 0; return 1; } __setup("nowatchdog", nowatchdog_setup); /* deprecated */ static int __init nosoftlockup_setup(char *str) { watchdog_enabled = 0; return 1; } __setup("nosoftlockup", nosoftlockup_setup); /* */ /* * Hard-lockup warnings should be triggered after just a few seconds. Soft- * lockups can have false positives under extreme conditions. So we generally * want a higher threshold for soft lockups than for hard lockups. So we couple * the thresholds with a factor: we make the soft threshold twice the amount of * time the hard threshold is. */ static int get_softlockup_thresh(void) { return watchdog_thresh * 2; } /* * Returns seconds, approximately. We don't need nanosecond * resolution, and we don't need to waste time with a big divide when * 2^30ns == 1.074s. */ static unsigned long get_timestamp(int this_cpu) { return cpu_clock(this_cpu) >> 30LL; /* 2^30 ~= 10^9 */ } static unsigned long get_sample_period(void) { /* * convert watchdog_thresh from seconds to ns * the divide by 5 is to give hrtimer several chances (two * or three with the current relation between the soft * and hard thresholds) to increment before the * hardlockup detector generates a warning */ return get_softlockup_thresh() * (NSEC_PER_SEC / 5); } /* Commands for resetting the watchdog */ static void __touch_watchdog(void) { int this_cpu = smp_processor_id(); __this_cpu_write(watchdog_touch_ts, get_timestamp(this_cpu)); } void touch_softlockup_watchdog(void) { __this_cpu_write(watchdog_touch_ts, 0); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(touch_softlockup_watchdog); void touch_all_softlockup_watchdogs(void) { int cpu; /* * this is done lockless * do we care if a 0 races with a timestamp? * all it means is the softlock check starts one cycle later */ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) per_cpu(watchdog_touch_ts, cpu) = 0; } #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR void touch_nmi_watchdog(void) { if (watchdog_enabled) { unsigned cpu; for_each_present_cpu(cpu) { if (per_cpu(watchdog_nmi_touch, cpu) != true) per_cpu(watchdog_nmi_touch, cpu) = true; } } touch_softlockup_watchdog(); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(touch_nmi_watchdog); #endif void touch_softlockup_watchdog_sync(void) { __raw_get_cpu_var(softlockup_touch_sync) = true; __raw_get_cpu_var(watchdog_touch_ts) = 0; } #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR /* watchdog detector functions */ static int is_hardlockup(void) { unsigned long hrint = __this_cpu_read(hrtimer_interrupts); if (__this_cpu_read(hrtimer_interrupts_saved) == hrint) return 1; __this_cpu_write(hrtimer_interrupts_saved, hrint); return 0; } #endif static int is_softlockup(unsigned long touch_ts) { unsigned long now = get_timestamp(smp_processor_id()); /* Warn about unreasonable delays: */ if (time_after(now, touch_ts + get_softlockup_thresh())) return now - touch_ts; return 0; } #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR static struct perf_event_attr wd_hw_attr = { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES, .size = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr), .pinned = 1, .disabled = 1, }; /* Callback function for perf event subsystem */ static void watchdog_overflow_callback(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_sample_data *data, struct pt_regs *regs) { /* Ensure the watchdog never gets throttled */ event->hw.interrupts = 0; if (__this_cpu_read(watchdog_nmi_touch) == true) { __this_cpu_write(watchdog_nmi_touch, false); return; } /* check for a hardlockup * This is done by making sure our timer interrupt * is incrementing. The timer interrupt should have * fired multiple times before we overflow'd. If it hasn't * then this is a good indication the cpu is stuck */ if (is_hardlockup()) { int this_cpu = smp_processor_id(); /* only print hardlockups once */ if (__this_cpu_read(hard_watchdog_warn) == true) return; if (hardlockup_panic) panic("Watchdog detected hard LOCKUP on cpu %d", this_cpu); else WARN(1, "Watchdog detected hard LOCKUP on cpu %d", this_cpu); __this_cpu_write(hard_watchdog_warn, true); return; } __this_cpu_write(hard_watchdog_warn, false); return; } static void watchdog_interrupt_count(void) { __this_cpu_inc(hrtimer_interrupts); } #else static inline void watchdog_interrupt_count(void) { return; } #endif /* CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR */ /* watchdog kicker functions */ static enum hrtimer_restart watchdog_timer_fn(struct hrtimer *hrtimer) { unsigned long touch_ts = __this_cpu_read(watchdog_touch_ts); struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs(); int duration; /* kick the hardlockup detector */ watchdog_interrupt_count(); /* kick the softlockup detector */ wake_up_process(__this_cpu_read(softlockup_watchdog)); /* .. and repeat */ hrtimer_forward_now(hrtimer, ns_to_ktime(get_sample_period())); if (touch_ts == 0) { if (unlikely(__this_cpu_read(softlockup_touch_sync))) { /* * If the time stamp was touched atomically * make sure the scheduler tick is up to date. */ __this_cpu_write(softlockup_touch_sync, false); sched_clock_tick(); } /* Clear the guest paused flag on watchdog reset */ kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused(); __touch_watchdog(); return HRTIMER_RESTART; } /* check for a softlockup * This is done by making sure a high priority task is * being scheduled. The task touches the watchdog to * indicate it is getting cpu time. If it hasn't then * this is a good indication some task is hogging the cpu */ duration = is_softlockup(touch_ts); if (unlikely(duration)) { /* * If a virtual machine is stopped by the host it can look to * the watchdog like a soft lockup, check to see if the host * stopped the vm before we issue the warning */ if (kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused()) return HRTIMER_RESTART; /* only warn once */ if (__this_cpu_read(soft_watchdog_warn) == true) return HRTIMER_RESTART; printk(KERN_EMERG "BUG: soft lockup - CPU#%d stuck for %us! [%s:%d]\n", smp_processor_id(), duration, current->comm, task_pid_nr(current)); print_modules(); print_irqtrace_events(current); if (regs) show_regs(regs); else dump_stack(); if (softlockup_panic) panic("softlockup: hung tasks"); __this_cpu_write(soft_watchdog_warn, true); } else __this_cpu_write(soft_watchdog_warn, false); return HRTIMER_RESTART; } /* * The watchdog thread - touches the timestamp. */ static int watchdog(void *unused) { struct sched_param param = { .sched_priority = 0 }; struct hrtimer *hrtimer = &__raw_get_cpu_var(watchdog_hrtimer); /* initialize timestamp */ __touch_watchdog(); /* kick off the timer for the hardlockup detector */ /* done here because hrtimer_start can only pin to smp_processor_id() */ hrtimer_start(hrtimer, ns_to_ktime(get_sample_period()), HRTIMER_MODE_REL_PINNED); set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); /* * Run briefly (kicked by the hrtimer callback function) once every * get_sample_period() seconds (4 seconds by default) to reset the * softlockup timestamp. If this gets delayed for more than * 2*watchdog_thresh seconds then the debug-printout triggers in * watchdog_timer_fn(). */ while (!kthread_should_stop()) { __touch_watchdog(); schedule(); if (kthread_should_stop()) break; set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); } /* * Drop the policy/priority elevation during thread exit to avoid a * scheduling latency spike. */ __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); sched_setscheduler(current, SCHED_NORMAL, ¶m); return 0; } #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR /* * People like the simple clean cpu node info on boot. * Reduce the watchdog noise by only printing messages * that are different from what cpu0 displayed. */ static unsigned long cpu0_err; static int watchdog_nmi_enable(int cpu) { struct perf_event_attr *wd_attr; struct perf_event *event = per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu); /* is it already setup and enabled? */ if (event && event->state > PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF) goto out; /* it is setup but not enabled */ if (event != NULL) goto out_enable; wd_attr = &wd_hw_attr; wd_attr->sample_period = hw_nmi_get_sample_period(watchdog_thresh); /* Try to register using hardware perf events */ event = perf_event_create_kernel_counter(wd_attr, cpu, NULL, watchdog_overflow_callback, NULL); /* save cpu0 error for future comparision */ if (cpu == 0 && IS_ERR(event)) cpu0_err = PTR_ERR(event); if (!IS_ERR(event)) { /* only print for cpu0 or different than cpu0 */ if (cpu == 0 || cpu0_err) pr_info("enabled on all CPUs, permanently consumes one hw-PMU counter.\n"); goto out_save; } /* skip displaying the same error again */ if (cpu > 0 && (PTR_ERR(event) == cpu0_err)) return PTR_ERR(event); /* vary the KERN level based on the returned errno */ if (PTR_ERR(event) == -EOPNOTSUPP) pr_info("disabled (cpu%i): not supported (no LAPIC?)\n", cpu); else if (PTR_ERR(event) == -ENOENT) pr_warning("disabled (cpu%i): hardware events not enabled\n", cpu); else pr_err("disabled (cpu%i): unable to create perf event: %ld\n", cpu, PTR_ERR(event)); return PTR_ERR(event); /* success path */ out_save: per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu) = event; out_enable: perf_event_enable(per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu)); out: return 0; } static void watchdog_nmi_disable(int cpu) { struct perf_event *event = per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu); if (event) { perf_event_disable(event); per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu) = NULL; /* should be in cleanup, but blocks oprofile */ perf_event_release_kernel(event); } return; } #else static int watchdog_nmi_enable(int cpu) { return 0; } static void watchdog_nmi_disable(int cpu) { return; } #endif /* CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR */ /* prepare/enable/disable routines */ static void watchdog_prepare_cpu(int cpu) { struct hrtimer *hrtimer = &per_cpu(watchdog_hrtimer, cpu); WARN_ON(per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu)); hrtimer_init(hrtimer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL); hrtimer->function = watchdog_timer_fn; } static int watchdog_enable(int cpu) { struct task_struct *p = per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu); int err = 0; /* enable the perf event */ err = watchdog_nmi_enable(cpu); /* Regardless of err above, fall through and start softlockup */ /* create the watchdog thread */ if (!p) { struct sched_param param = { .sched_priority = MAX_RT_PRIO-1 }; p = kthread_create_on_node(watchdog, NULL, cpu_to_node(cpu), "watchdog/%d", cpu); if (IS_ERR(p)) { pr_err("softlockup watchdog for %i failed\n", cpu); if (!err) { /* if hardlockup hasn't already set this */ err = PTR_ERR(p); /* and disable the perf event */ watchdog_nmi_disable(cpu); } goto out; } sched_setscheduler(p, SCHED_FIFO, ¶m); kthread_bind(p, cpu); per_cpu(watchdog_touch_ts, cpu) = 0; per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu) = p; wake_up_process(p); } out: return err; } static void watchdog_disable(int cpu) { struct task_struct *p = per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu); struct hrtimer *hrtimer = &per_cpu(watchdog_hrtimer, cpu); /* * cancel the timer first to stop incrementing the stats * and waking up the kthread */ hrtimer_cancel(hrtimer); /* disable the perf event */ watchdog_nmi_disable(cpu); /* stop the watchdog thread */ if (p) { per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu) = NULL; kthread_stop(p); } } /* sysctl functions */ #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL static void watchdog_enable_all_cpus(void) { int cpu; watchdog_enabled = 0; for_each_online_cpu(cpu) if (!watchdog_enable(cpu)) /* if any cpu succeeds, watchdog is considered enabled for the system */ watchdog_enabled = 1; if (!watchdog_enabled) pr_err("failed to be enabled on some cpus\n"); } static void watchdog_disable_all_cpus(void) { int cpu; for_each_online_cpu(cpu) watchdog_disable(cpu); /* if all watchdogs are disabled, then they are disabled for the system */ watchdog_enabled = 0; } /* * proc handler for /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog,watchdog_thresh */ int proc_dowatchdog(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos) { int ret; ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos); if (ret || !write) goto out; if (watchdog_enabled && watchdog_thresh) watchdog_enable_all_cpus(); else watchdog_disable_all_cpus(); out: return ret; } #endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */ /* * Create/destroy watchdog threads as CPUs come and go: */ static int __cpuinit cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb, unsigned long action, void *hcpu) { int hotcpu = (unsigned long)hcpu; switch (action) { case CPU_UP_PREPARE: case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN: watchdog_prepare_cpu(hotcpu); break; case CPU_ONLINE: case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN: if (watchdog_enabled) watchdog_enable(hotcpu); break; #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU case CPU_UP_CANCELED: case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN: watchdog_disable(hotcpu); break; case CPU_DEAD: case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN: watchdog_disable(hotcpu); break; #endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */ } /* * hardlockup and softlockup are not important enough * to block cpu bring up. Just always succeed and * rely on printk output to flag problems. */ return NOTIFY_OK; } static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata cpu_nfb = { .notifier_call = cpu_callback }; void __init lockup_detector_init(void) { void *cpu = (void *)(long)smp_processor_id(); int err; err = cpu_callback(&cpu_nfb, CPU_UP_PREPARE, cpu); WARN_ON(notifier_to_errno(err)); cpu_callback(&cpu_nfb, CPU_ONLINE, cpu); register_cpu_notifier(&cpu_nfb); return; }