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authorMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>2016-09-21 09:51:11 -0300
committerMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>2016-10-24 08:12:35 -0200
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docs-rst: create an user's manual book
Place README, REPORTING-BUGS, SecurityBugs and kernel-parameters on an user's manual book. As we'll be numbering the user's manual, remove the manual numbering from SecurityBugs. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
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-Ramoops oops/panic logger
-=========================
-
-Sergiu Iordache <sergiu@chromium.org>
-
-Updated: 17 November 2011
-
-Introduction
-------------
-
-Ramoops is an oops/panic logger that writes its logs to RAM before the system
-crashes. It works by logging oopses and panics in a circular buffer. Ramoops
-needs a system with persistent RAM so that the content of that area can
-survive after a restart.
-
-Ramoops concepts
-----------------
-
-Ramoops uses a predefined memory area to store the dump. The start and size
-and type of the memory area are set using three variables:
-
- * ``mem_address`` for the start
- * ``mem_size`` for the size. The memory size will be rounded down to a
- power of two.
- * ``mem_type`` to specifiy if the memory type (default is pgprot_writecombine).
-
-Typically the default value of ``mem_type=0`` should be used as that sets the pstore
-mapping to pgprot_writecombine. Setting ``mem_type=1`` attempts to use
-``pgprot_noncached``, which only works on some platforms. This is because pstore
-depends on atomic operations. At least on ARM, pgprot_noncached causes the
-memory to be mapped strongly ordered, and atomic operations on strongly ordered
-memory are implementation defined, and won't work on many ARMs such as omaps.
-
-The memory area is divided into ``record_size`` chunks (also rounded down to
-power of two) and each oops/panic writes a ``record_size`` chunk of
-information.
-
-Dumping both oopses and panics can be done by setting 1 in the ``dump_oops``
-variable while setting 0 in that variable dumps only the panics.
-
-The module uses a counter to record multiple dumps but the counter gets reset
-on restart (i.e. new dumps after the restart will overwrite old ones).
-
-Ramoops also supports software ECC protection of persistent memory regions.
-This might be useful when a hardware reset was used to bring the machine back
-to life (i.e. a watchdog triggered). In such cases, RAM may be somewhat
-corrupt, but usually it is restorable.
-
-Setting the parameters
-----------------------
-
-Setting the ramoops parameters can be done in several different manners:
-
- A. Use the module parameters (which have the names of the variables described
- as before). For quick debugging, you can also reserve parts of memory during
- boot and then use the reserved memory for ramoops. For example, assuming a
- machine with > 128 MB of memory, the following kernel command line will tell
- the kernel to use only the first 128 MB of memory, and place ECC-protected
- ramoops region at 128 MB boundary::
-
- mem=128M ramoops.mem_address=0x8000000 ramoops.ecc=1
-
- B. Use Device Tree bindings, as described in
- ``Documentation/device-tree/bindings/reserved-memory/ramoops.txt``.
- For example::
-
- reserved-memory {
- #address-cells = <2>;
- #size-cells = <2>;
- ranges;
-
- ramoops@8f000000 {
- compatible = "ramoops";
- reg = <0 0x8f000000 0 0x100000>;
- record-size = <0x4000>;
- console-size = <0x4000>;
- };
- };
-
- C. Use a platform device and set the platform data. The parameters can then
- be set through that platform data. An example of doing that is::
-
- #include <linux/pstore_ram.h>
- [...]
-
- static struct ramoops_platform_data ramoops_data = {
- .mem_size = <...>,
- .mem_address = <...>,
- .mem_type = <...>,
- .record_size = <...>,
- .dump_oops = <...>,
- .ecc = <...>,
- };
-
- static struct platform_device ramoops_dev = {
- .name = "ramoops",
- .dev = {
- .platform_data = &ramoops_data,
- },
- };
-
- [... inside a function ...]
- int ret;
-
- ret = platform_device_register(&ramoops_dev);
- if (ret) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register platform device\n");
- return ret;
- }
-
-You can specify either RAM memory or peripheral devices' memory. However, when
-specifying RAM, be sure to reserve the memory by issuing memblock_reserve()
-very early in the architecture code, e.g.::
-
- #include <linux/memblock.h>
-
- memblock_reserve(ramoops_data.mem_address, ramoops_data.mem_size);
-
-Dump format
------------
-
-The data dump begins with a header, currently defined as ``====`` followed by a
-timestamp and a new line. The dump then continues with the actual data.
-
-Reading the data
-----------------
-
-The dump data can be read from the pstore filesystem. The format for these
-files is ``dmesg-ramoops-N``, where N is the record number in memory. To delete
-a stored record from RAM, simply unlink the respective pstore file.
-
-Persistent function tracing
----------------------------
-
-Persistent function tracing might be useful for debugging software or hardware
-related hangs. The functions call chain log is stored in a ``ftrace-ramoops``
-file. Here is an example of usage::
-
- # mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug/
- # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/pstore/record_ftrace
- # reboot -f
- [...]
- # mount -t pstore pstore /mnt/
- # tail /mnt/ftrace-ramoops
- 0 ffffffff8101ea64 ffffffff8101bcda native_apic_mem_read <- disconnect_bsp_APIC+0x6a/0xc0
- 0 ffffffff8101ea44 ffffffff8101bcf6 native_apic_mem_write <- disconnect_bsp_APIC+0x86/0xc0
- 0 ffffffff81020084 ffffffff8101a4b5 hpet_disable <- native_machine_shutdown+0x75/0x90
- 0 ffffffff81005f94 ffffffff8101a4bb iommu_shutdown_noop <- native_machine_shutdown+0x7b/0x90
- 0 ffffffff8101a6a1 ffffffff8101a437 native_machine_emergency_restart <- native_machine_restart+0x37/0x40
- 0 ffffffff811f9876 ffffffff8101a73a acpi_reboot <- native_machine_emergency_restart+0xaa/0x1e0
- 0 ffffffff8101a514 ffffffff8101a772 mach_reboot_fixups <- native_machine_emergency_restart+0xe2/0x1e0
- 0 ffffffff811d9c54 ffffffff8101a7a0 __const_udelay <- native_machine_emergency_restart+0x110/0x1e0
- 0 ffffffff811d9c34 ffffffff811d9c80 __delay <- __const_udelay+0x30/0x40
- 0 ffffffff811d9d14 ffffffff811d9c3f delay_tsc <- __delay+0xf/0x20