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OVERVIEW
V9FS is a distributed file system for Linux which provides an
implementation of the Plan 9 resource sharing protocol 9P. It can be
used to share all sorts of resources: static files, synthetic file servers
(such as /proc or /sys), devices, and application file servers (such as
FUSE).
BACKGROUND
Plan 9 (http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9) is a research operating
system and associated applications suite developed by the Computing
Science Research Center of AT&T Bell Laboratories (now a part of
Lucent Technologies), the same group that developed UNIX , C, and C++.
Plan 9 was initially released in 1993 to universities, and then made
generally available in 1995. Its core operating systems code laid the
foundation for the Inferno Operating System released as a product by
Lucent Bell-Labs in 1997. The Inferno venture was the only commercial
embodiment of Plan 9 and is currently maintained as a product by Vita
Nuova (http://www.vitanuova.com). After updated releases in 2000 and
2002, Plan 9 was open-sourced under the OSI approved Lucent Public
License in 2003.
The Plan 9 project was started by Ken Thompson and Rob Pike in 1985.
Their intent was to explore potential solutions to some of the
shortcomings of UNIX in the face of the widespread use of high-speed
networks to connect machines. In UNIX, networking was an afterthought
and UNIX clusters became little more than a network of stand-alone
systems. Plan 9 was designed from first principles as a seamless
distributed system with integrated secure network resource sharing.
Applications and services were architected in such a way as to allow
for implicit distribution across a cluster of systems. Configuring an
environment to use remote application components or services in place
of their local equivalent could be achieved with a few simple command
line instructions. For the most part, application implementations
operated independent of the location of their actual resources.
Commercial operating systems haven't changed much in the 20 years
since Plan 9 was conceived. Network and distributed systems support is
provided by a patchwork of middle-ware, with an endless number of
packages supplying pieces of the puzzle. Matters are complicated by
the use of different complicated protocols for individual services,
and separate implementations for kernel and application resources.
The V9FS project (http://v9fs.sourceforge.net) is an attempt to bring
Plan 9's unified approach to resource sharing to Linux and other
operating systems via support for the 9P2000 resource sharing
protocol.
V9FS HISTORY
V9FS was originally developed by Ron Minnich and Maya Gokhale at Los
Alamos National Labs (LANL) in 1997. In November of 2001, Greg Watson
setup a SourceForge project as a public repository for the code which
supported the Linux 2.4 kernel.
About a year ago, I picked up the initial attempt Ron Minnich had
made to provide 2.6 support and got the code integrated into a 2.6.5
kernel. I then went through a line-for-line re-write attempting to
clean-up the code while more closely following the Linux Kernel style
guidelines. I co-authored a paper with Ron Minnich on the V9FS Linux
support including performance comparisons to NFSv3 using Bonnie and
PostMark - this paper appeared at the USENIX/FREENIX 2005
conference in April 2005:
( http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix05/tech/freenix/hensbergen.html ).
CALL FOR PARTICIPATION/REQUEST FOR COMMENTS
Our 2.6 kernel support is stabilizing and we'd like to begin pursuing
its integration into the official kernel tree. We would appreciate any
review, comments, critiques, and additions from this community and are
actively seeking people to join our project and help us produce
something that would be acceptable and useful to the Linux community.
STATUS
The code is reasonably stable, although there are no doubt corner cases
our regression tests haven't discovered yet. It is in regular use by several
of the developers and has been tested on x86 and PowerPC
(32-bit and 64-bit) in both small and large (LANL cluster) deployments.
Our current regression tests include fsx, bonnie, and postmark.
It was our intention to keep things as simple as possible for this
release -- trying to focus on correctness within the core of the
protocol support versus a rich set of features. For example: a more
complete security model and cache layer are in the road map, but
excluded from this release. Additionally, we have removed support for
mmap operations at Al Viro's request.
PERFORMANCE
Detailed performance numbers and analysis are included in the FREENIX
paper, but we show comparable performance to NFSv3 for large file
operations based on the Bonnie benchmark, and superior performance for
many small file operations based on the PostMark benchmark. Somewhat
preliminary graphs (from the FREENIX paper) are available
(http://v9fs.sourceforge.net/perf/index.html).
RESOURCES
The source code is available in a few different forms:
tarballs: http://v9fs.sf.net
CVSweb: http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/v9fs/linux-9p/
CVS: :pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/v9fs/linux-9p
Git: rsync://v9fs.graverobber.org/v9fs (webgit: http://v9fs.graverobber.org)
9P: tcp!v9fs.graverobber.org!6564
The user-level server is available from either the Plan 9 distribution
or from http://v9fs.sf.net
Other support applications are still being developed, but preliminary
version can be downloaded from sourceforge.
Documentation on the protocol has historically been the Plan 9 Man
pages (http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sys/man/5/INDEX.html), but there is
an effort under way to write a more complete Internet-Draft style
specification (http://v9fs.sf.net/rfc).
There are a couple of mailing lists supporting v9fs, but the most used
is v9fs-developer@lists.sourceforge.net -- please direct/cc your
comments there so the other v9fs contibutors can participate in the
conversation. There is also an IRC channel: irc://freenode.net/#v9fs
This part of the patch contains Documentation, Makefiles, and configuration
file changes.
Signed-off-by: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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This patch contains the following updates to the help texts:
- QUOTA: most people will get the quota utilities from their
distribution, and if not the mini-HOWTO will tell them
- QFMT_V2: quota utilities 3.01 are no longer recent, they are now
ancient
and 3.01 is lower than the minimal version documented in
Documentation/Changes
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Here's the latest version of relayfs, against linux-2.6.11-mm2. I'm hoping
you'll consider putting this version back into your tree - the previous
rounds of comment seem to have shaken out all the API issues and the number
of comments on the code itself have also steadily dwindled.
This patch is essentially the same as the relayfs redux part 5 patch, with
some minor changes based on reviewer comments. Thanks again to Pekka
Enberg for those. The patch size without documentation is now a little
smaller at just over 40k. Here's a detailed list of the changes:
- removed the attribute_flags in relay open and changed it to a
boolean specifying either overwrite or no-overwrite mode, and removed
everything referencing the attribute flags.
- added a check for NULL names in relayfs_create_entry()
- got rid of the unnecessary multiple labels in relay_create_buf()
- some minor simplification of relay_alloc_buf() which got rid of a
couple params
- updated the Documentation
In addition, this version (through code contained in the relay-apps tarball
linked to below, not as part of the relayfs patch) tries to make it as easy
as possible to create the cooperating kernel/user pieces of a typical and
common type of logging application, one where kernel logging is kicked off
when a user space data collection app starts and stops when the collection
app exits, with the data being automatically logged to disk in between. To
create this type of application, you basically just include a header file
(relay-app.h, included in the relay-apps tarball) in your kernel module,
define a couple of callbacks and call an initialization function, and on
the user side call a single function that sets up and continuously monitors
the buffers, and writes data to files as it becomes available. Channels
are created when the collection app is started and destroyed when it exits,
not when the kernel module is inserted, so different channel buffer sizes
can be specified for each separate run via command-line options. See the
README in the relay-apps tarball for details.
Also included in the relay-apps tarball are a couple examples
demonstrating how you can use this to create quick and dirty kernel
logging/debugging applications. They are:
- tprintk, short for 'tee printk', which temporarily puts a kprobe on
printk() and writes a duplicate stream of printk output to a relayfs
channel. This could be used anywhere there's printk() debugging code
in the kernel which you'd like to exercise, but would rather not have
your system logs cluttered with debugging junk. You'd probably want
to kill klogd while you do this, otherwise there wouldn't be much
point (since putting a kprobe on printk() doesn't change the output
of printk()). I've used this method to temporarily divert the packet
logging output of the iptables LOG target from the system logs to
relayfs files instead, for instance.
- klog, which just provides a printk-like formatted logging function
on top of relayfs. Again, you can use this to keep stuff out of your
system logs if used in place of printk.
The example applications can be found here:
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/dprobes/relay-apps.tar.gz?download
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
avoid lookup_hash usage in relayfs
Signed-off-by: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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This patch modifies the VFS setxattr, getxattr, and listxattr code to fall
back to the security module for security xattrs if the filesystem does not
support xattrs natively. This allows security modules to export the incore
inode security label information to userspace even if the filesystem does
not provide xattr storage, and eliminates the need to individually patch
various pseudo filesystem types to provide such access. The patch removes
the existing xattr code from devpts and tmpfs as it is then no longer
needed.
The patch restructures the code flow slightly to reduce duplication between
the normal path and the fallback path, but this should only have one
user-visible side effect - a program may get -EACCES rather than
-EOPNOTSUPP if policy denied access but the filesystem didn't support the
operation anyway. Note that the post_setxattr hook call is not needed in
the fallback case, as the inode_setsecurity hook call handles the incore
inode security state update directly. In contrast, we do call fsnotify in
both cases.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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The inotify help text still refers to the character device. Update it.
Fixes kernel bug #4993.
Signed-off-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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inotify is intended to correct the deficiencies of dnotify, particularly
its inability to scale and its terrible user interface:
* dnotify requires the opening of one fd per each directory
that you intend to watch. This quickly results in too many
open files and pins removable media, preventing unmount.
* dnotify is directory-based. You only learn about changes to
directories. Sure, a change to a file in a directory affects
the directory, but you are then forced to keep a cache of
stat structures.
* dnotify's interface to user-space is awful. Signals?
inotify provides a more usable, simple, powerful solution to file change
notification:
* inotify's interface is a system call that returns a fd, not SIGIO.
You get a single fd, which is select()-able.
* inotify has an event that says "the filesystem that the item
you were watching is on was unmounted."
* inotify can watch directories or files.
Inotify is currently used by Beagle (a desktop search infrastructure),
Gamin (a FAM replacement), and other projects.
See Documentation/filesystems/inotify.txt.
Signed-off-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com>
Cc: John McCutchan <ttb@tentacle.dhs.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Update to Linus latest
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This patch replaces the current CONFIG_JFFS2_FS_NAND, CONFIG_JFFS2_FS_NOR_ECC
and CONFIG_JFFS2_FS_DATAFLASH with a single configuration option -
CONFIG_JFFS2_FS_WRITEBUFFER.
The only functional change of this patch is that the slower div/mod
calculations for SECTOR_ADDR(), PAGE_DIV() and PAGE_MOD() are now always
used when CONFIG_JFFS2_FS_WRITEBUFFER is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Victor <andrew@sanpeople.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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For Dataflash, can_mark_obsolete = false and the NAND write buffering
code (wbuf.c) is used.
Since the DataFlash chip will automatically erase pages when writing,
the cleanmarkers are not needed - so cleanmarker_oob = false and
cleanmarker_size = 0
DataFlash page-sizes are not a power of two (they're multiples of 528
bytes). The SECTOR_ADDR macro (added in the previous core patch) is
replaced with a (slower) div/mod version if CONFIG_JFFS2_FS_DATAFLASH is
selected.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Victor <andrew@sanpeople.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Original patch from Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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From: "Vivek Goyal" <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
o Support for /proc/vmcore interface. This interface exports elf core image
either in ELF32 or ELF64 format, depending on the format in which elf headers
have been stored by crashed kernel.
o Added support for CONFIG_VMCORE config option.
o Removed the dependency on /proc/kcore.
From: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
This patch has been refactored to more closely match the prevailing style in
the affected files. And to clearly indicate the dependency between
/proc/kcore and proc/vmcore.c
From: Hariprasad Nellitheertha <hari@in.ibm.com>
This patch contains the code that provides an ELF format interface to the
previous kernel's memory post kexec reboot.
Signed off by Hariprasad Nellitheertha <hari@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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These are the ext2 related parts. Ext2 now uses the xip_* file operations
along with the get_xip_page aop when mounted with -o xip.
Signed-off-by: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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For the purposes of reboot recovery we keep a directory with subdirectories
each having a name that is the ascii hex representation of the md5 sum of a
client identifier for an active client.
This adds the code to calculate that name. We also use it for the purposes of
comparing clients, so if someone ever manages to find two client names that
are md5 collisions, then we'll return clid_inuse to the second.
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson <andros@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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This adds acl support fo nfs clients via the NFSACL protocol extension, by
implementing the getxattr, listxattr, setxattr, and removexattr iops for the
system.posix_acl_access and system.posix_acl_default attributes. This patch
implements a dumb version that uses no caching (and thus adds some overhead).
(Another patch in this patchset adds caching as well.)
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>
Acked-by: Olaf Kirch <okir@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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This adds functions for encoding and decoding POSIX ACLs for the NFSACL
protocol extension, and the GETACL and SETACL RPCs. The implementation is
compatible with NFSACL in Solaris.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>
Acked-by: Olaf Kirch <okir@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
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Here's a much smaller patch to simply disable devfs from the build. If
this goes well, and there are no complaints for a few weeks, I'll resend
my big "devfs-die-die-die" series of patches that rip the whole thing
out of the kernel tree.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
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