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* lib: fix spelling mistakesZhen Lei2021-07-081-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fix some spelling mistakes in comments: permanentely ==> permanently wont ==> won't remaning ==> remaining succed ==> succeed shouldnt ==> shouldn't alpha-numeric ==> alphanumeric storeing ==> storing funtion ==> function documenation ==> documentation Determin ==> Determine intepreted ==> interpreted ammount ==> amount obious ==> obvious interupts ==> interrupts occured ==> occurred asssociated ==> associated taking into acount ==> taking into account squence ==> sequence stil ==> still contiguos ==> contiguous matchs ==> matches Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210607072555.12416-1-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jacob Keller <jacob.e.keller@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/list_sort.c: fix typo in function descriptionToastC2021-05-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | Replace beautiully with beautifully Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210315090633.9759-1-mrtoastcheng@gmail.com Signed-off-by: ShihCheng Tu <mrtoastcheng@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* treewide: Change list_sort to use const pointersSami Tolvanen2021-04-081-11/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | list_sort() internally casts the comparison function passed to it to a different type with constant struct list_head pointers, and uses this pointer to call the functions, which trips indirect call Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) checking. Instead of removing the consts, this change defines the list_cmp_func_t type and changes the comparison function types of all list_sort() callers to use const pointers, thus avoiding type mismatches. Suggested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210408182843.1754385-10-samitolvanen@google.com
* lib: list_sort.c: add a blank line to avoid kernel-doc warningsMauro Carvalho Chehab2019-06-201-0/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | In order for a list to be recognized as such, blank lines are required. Solve those Sphinx warnings: ./lib/list_sort.c:162: WARNING: Unexpected indentation. ./lib/list_sort.c:163: WARNING: Block quote ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
* lib/list_sort: fix kerneldoc build errorJonathan Corbet2019-05-231-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 043b3f7b6388 ("lib/list_sort: simplify and remove MAX_LIST_LENGTH_BITS") added some useful kerneldoc info, but also broke the docs build: ./lib/list_sort.c:128: WARNING: Definition list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent. ./lib/list_sort.c:161: WARNING: Unexpected indentation. ./lib/list_sort.c:162: WARNING: Block quote ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent. Fix the offending literal block and make the error go away. Fixes: 043b3f7b6388 ("lib/list_sort: simplify and remove MAX_LIST_LENGTH_BITS") Cc: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
* lib/list_sort: optimize number of calls to comparison functionGeorge Spelvin2019-05-141-22/+91
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIG_RETPOLINE has severely degraded indirect function call performance, so it's worth putting some effort into reducing the number of times cmp() is called. This patch avoids badly unbalanced merges on unlucky input sizes. It slightly increases the code size, but saves an average of 0.2*n calls to cmp(). x86-64 code size 739 -> 803 bytes (+64) Unfortunately, there's not a lot of low-hanging fruit in a merge sort; it already performs only n*log2(n) - K*n + O(1) compares. The leading coefficient is already at the theoretical limit (log2(n!) corresponds to K=1.4427), so we're fighting over the linear term, and the best mergesort can do is K=1.2645, achieved when n is a power of 2. The differences between mergesort variants appear when n is *not* a power of 2; K is a function of the fractional part of log2(n). Top-down mergesort does best of all, achieving a minimum K=1.2408, and an average (over all sizes) K=1.248. However, that requires knowing the number of entries to be sorted ahead of time, and making a full pass over the input to count it conflicts with a second performance goal, which is cache blocking. Obviously, we have to read the entire list into L1 cache at some point, and performance is best if it fits. But if it doesn't fit, each full pass over the input causes a cache miss per element, which is undesirable. While textbooks explain bottom-up mergesort as a succession of merging passes, practical implementations do merging in depth-first order: as soon as two lists of the same size are available, they are merged. This allows as many merge passes as possible to fit into L1; only the final few merges force cache misses. This cache-friendly depth-first merge order depends on us merging the beginning of the input as much as possible before we've even seen the end of the input (and thus know its size). The simple eager merge pattern causes bad performance when n is just over a power of 2. If n=1028, the final merge is between 1024- and 4-element lists, which is wasteful of comparisons. (This is actually worse on average than n=1025, because a 1204:1 merge will, on average, end after 512 compares, while 1024:4 will walk 4/5 of the list.) Because of this, bottom-up mergesort achieves K < 0.5 for such sizes, and has an average (over all sizes) K of around 1. (My experiments show K=1.01, while theory predicts K=0.965.) There are "worst-case optimal" variants of bottom-up mergesort which avoid this bad performance, but the algorithms given in the literature, such as queue-mergesort and boustrodephonic mergesort, depend on the breadth-first multi-pass structure that we are trying to avoid. This implementation is as eager as possible while ensuring that all merge passes are at worst 1:2 unbalanced. This achieves the same average K=1.207 as queue-mergesort, which is 0.2*n better then bottom-up, and only 0.04*n behind top-down mergesort. Specifically, defers merging two lists of size 2^k until it is known that there are 2^k additional inputs following. This ensures that the final uneven merges triggered by reaching the end of the input will be at worst 2:1. This will avoid cache misses as long as 3*2^k elements fit into the cache. (I confess to being more than a little bit proud of how clean this code turned out. It took a lot of thinking, but the resultant inner loop is very simple and efficient.) Refs: Bottom-up Mergesort: A Detailed Analysis Wolfgang Panny, Helmut Prodinger Algorithmica 14(4):340--354, October 1995 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01294131 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.6.5260 The cost distribution of queue-mergesort, optimal mergesorts, and power-of-two rules Wei-Mei Chen, Hsien-Kuei Hwang, Gen-Huey Chen Journal of Algorithms 30(2); Pages 423--448, February 1999 https://doi.org/10.1006/jagm.1998.0986 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.4.5380 Queue-Mergesort Mordecai J. Golin, Robert Sedgewick Information Processing Letters, 48(5):253--259, 10 December 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(93)90088-q https://sci-hub.tw/10.1016/0020-0190(93)90088-Q Feedback from Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/fd560853cc4dca0d0f02184ffa888b4c1be89abc.1552704200.git.lkml@sdf.org Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org> Acked-by: Andrey Abramov <st5pub@yandex.ru> Acked-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Cc: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@siemens.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/list_sort: simplify and remove MAX_LIST_LENGTH_BITSGeorge Spelvin2019-05-141-62/+103
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rather than a fixed-size array of pending sorted runs, use the ->prev links to keep track of things. This reduces stack usage, eliminates some ugly overflow handling, and reduces the code size. Also: * merge() no longer needs to handle NULL inputs, so simplify. * The same applies to merge_and_restore_back_links(), which is renamed to the less ponderous merge_final(). (It's a static helper function, so we don't need a super-descriptive name; comments will do.) * Document the actual return value requirements on the (*cmp)() function; some callers are already using this feature. x86-64 code size 1086 -> 739 bytes (-347) (Yes, I see checkpatch complaining about no space after comma in "__attribute__((nonnull(2,3,4,5)))". Checkpatch is wrong.) Feedback from Rasmus Villemoes, Andy Shevchenko and Geert Uytterhoeven. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove __pure usage due to mysterious warning] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/f63c410e0ff76009c9b58e01027e751ff7fdb749.1552704200.git.lkml@sdf.org Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org> Acked-by: Andrey Abramov <st5pub@yandex.ru> Acked-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@siemens.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman2017-11-021-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* lib: add module support to linked list sorting testsGeert Uytterhoeven2017-05-081-149/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Extract the linked list sorting test code into its own source file, to allow to compile it either to a loadable module, or builtin into the kernel. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1488287219-15832-4-git-send-email-geert@linux-m68k.org Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/list_sort: use late_initcall to hook in self testsPaul Gortmaker2015-06-161-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This was using module_init, but there is no way this code can be modular. In the non-modular case, a module_init becomes a device_initcall, but this really isn't a device. So we should choose a more appropriate initcall bucket to put it in. Assuming boot time self tests need to be observed over a console to be useful, and that the console device could possibly not be fully functional until after device_initcall, we move this to the late_initcall bucket, which is immediately after device_initcall. Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
* lib/list_sort.c: rearrange includesRasmus Villemoes2015-02-121-2/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Memory allocation only happens in the self test, just as random numbers are only used there. So move the inclusion of slab.h inside the CONFIG_TEST_LIST_SORT. We don't need module.h and all of the stuff it carries with it, so replace with export.h and compiler.h. Unfortunately, the ARRAY_SIZE macro from kernel.h requires the user to ensure bug.h is also included (for BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO, used by __must_be_array). We used to get that through some maze of nested includes, but just include it explicitly. linux/string.h is then only included implicitly through kernel.h->printk.h->dynamic_debug.h, but only if !CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG, so just include it explicitly (for memset). objdump -d says the generated code is the same, and wc -l says that lib/.list_sort.o.cmd went from 579 to 165 lines. Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/list_sort.c: convert to pr_fooAndrew Morton2014-08-061-28/+21
| | | | | | | | | Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib: list_sort.c: Limit number of unused cmp callbacksRasmus Villemoes2014-08-061-1/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The helper merge_and_restore_back_links() makes sure to call the caller's cmp function during the final ->prev pointer fixup, so that the cmp function may call cond_resched(). However, if the cmp function does not call cond_resched() at all, this is entirely redundant. If it does, doing at least two function calls for every two pointer assignments is a bit excessive. This patch limits the calls to once for every 256 iterations. Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib: list_sort_test(): simplify and harden cleanupRasmus Villemoes2014-08-061-7/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There is no reason to maintain the list structure while freeing the debug elements. Aside from the redundant pointer manipulations, it is also inefficient from a locality-of-reference viewpoint, since they are visited in a random order (wrt. the order they were allocated). Furthermore, if we jumped to exit: after detecting list corruption, it is actually dangerous. So just free the elements in the order they were allocated, using the backing array elts. Allocate that using kcalloc(), so that if allocation of one of the debug element fails, we just end up calling kfree(NULL) for the trailing elements. Minor details: Use sizeof(*elts) instead of sizeof(void *), and return err immediately when allocation of elts fails, to avoid introducing another label just before the final return statement. Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib: list_sort_test(): add extra corruption checkRasmus Villemoes2014-08-061-0/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | Add a check to make sure that the prev pointer of the list head points to the last element on the list. Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib: list_sort_test(): return -ENOMEM when allocation failsRasmus Villemoes2014-08-061-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/: rename random32() to prandom_u32()Akinobu Mita2013-04-291-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | Use preferable function name which implies using a pseudo-random number generator. Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/list_sort: test: check element addressesArtem Bityutskiy2010-10-261-8/+67
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Improve 'lib_sort()' test and check that: o 'cmp()' is called only for elements which were present in the original list, i.e., the 'a' and 'b' parameters are valid o the resulted (sorted) list consists onlly of the original elements o intdoruce "poison" fields to make sure data around 'struc list_head' field are not corrupted. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/list_sort: test: unify test messagesArtem Bityutskiy2010-10-261-9/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | This patch unifies 'list_sort_test()' messages a bit and makes sure all of them start with the "list_sort_test:" prefix to make it obvious for users where the messages come from. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/list_sort: test: improve errors handlingArtem Bityutskiy2010-10-261-27/+38
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The 'lib_sort()' test does not free memory if it fails, and it makes the kernel panic if it cannot allocate memory. This patch fixes the problem. This patch also changes several small things: o use 'list_add()' helper instead of adding manually o introduce temporary 'el1' variable to avoid ugly and unreadalbe "if" statement o make 'head' to be stack variable instead of 'kmalloc()'ed, which simplifies code a bit Overall, this patch is of clean-up type. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/list_sort: test: use generic random32Artem Bityutskiy2010-10-261-12/+15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Instead of using own pseudo-random generator, use generic linux 'random32()' function. Presumably, this should improve test coverage. At the same time, do the following changes: o Use shorter macro name for test list length o Do not use strange 'l_h' name for 'struct list_head' element, use 'list', because it is traditional name and thus, makes the code more obvious and readable. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/list_sort: test: use more reasonable printk levelsArtem Bityutskiy2010-10-261-8/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | I do not see any reason to use KERN_WARN for normal messages and KERN_EMERG for error messages in the lib_sort testing routine. Let's use more reasonable KERN_NORM and KERN_ERR levels. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/Kconfig.debug: add list_sort debugging switchArtem Bityutskiy2010-10-261-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | While hunting a non-existing bug in 'list_sort()', I've improved the 'list_sort_test()' function which tests the 'list_sort()' library call. Although at the end I found a bug in my code, but not in 'list_sort()', I think my clean-ups and improvements are worth merging because they make the test function better. This patch: Make the self-tests selectable via Kconfig rather than by manual enabling of DEBUG_LIST_SORT. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/list_sort: do not pass bad pointers to cmp callbackDon Mullis2010-10-011-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | If the original list is a POT in length, the first callback from line 73 will pass a==b both pointing to the original list_head. This is dangerous because the 'list_sort()' user can use 'container_of()' and accesses the "containing" object, which does not necessary exist for the list head. So the user can access RAM which does not belong to him. If this is a write access, we can end up with memory corruption. Signed-off-by: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Tested-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib: revise list_sort() header commentDon Mullis2010-03-061-7/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | | Clarify and correct header comment of list_sort(). Signed-off-by: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib: more scalable list_sort()Don Mullis2010-03-061-69/+183
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | XFS and UBIFS can pass long lists to list_sort(); this alternative implementation scales better, reaching ~3x performance gain when list length exceeds the L2 cache size. Stand-alone program timings were run on a Core 2 duo L1=32KB L2=4MB, gcc-4.4, with flags extracted from an Ubuntu kernel build. Object size is 581 bytes compared to 455 for Mark J. Roberts' code. Worst case for either implementation is a list length just over a power of two, and to roughly the same degree, so here are timing results for a range of 2^N+1 lengths. List elements were 16 bytes each including malloc overhead; initial order was random. time (msec) Tatham-Roberts | generic-Mullis-v2 loop_count length | | ratio 4000000 2 206 294 1.427 2000000 3 176 227 1.289 1000000 5 199 172 0.864 500000 9 235 178 0.757 250000 17 243 182 0.748 125000 33 261 196 0.750 62500 65 277 209 0.754 31250 129 292 219 0.75 15625 257 317 235 0.741 7812 513 340 252 0.741 3906 1025 362 267 0.737 1953 2049 388 283 0.729 ~ L1 size 976 4097 556 323 0.580 488 8193 678 361 0.532 244 16385 773 395 0.510 122 32769 844 418 0.495 61 65537 917 454 0.495 30 131073 1128 543 0.481 15 262145 2355 869 0.369 ~ L2 size 7 524289 5597 1714 0.306 3 1048577 6218 2022 0.325 Mark's code does not actually implement the usual or generic mergesort, but rather a variant from Simon Tatham described here: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/algorithms/listsort.html Simon's algorithm performs O(log N) passes over the entire input list, doing merges of sublists that double in size on each pass. The generic algorithm instead merges pairs of equal length lists as early as possible, in recursive order. For either algorithm, the elements that extend the list beyond power-of-two length are a special case, handled as nearly as possible as a "rounding-up" to a full POT. Some intuition for the locality of reference implications of merge order may be gotten by watching this animation: http://www.sorting-algorithms.com/merge-sort Simon's algorithm requires only O(1) extra space rather than the generic algorithm's O(log N), but in my non-recursive implementation the actual O(log N) data is merely a vector of ~20 pointers, which I've put on the stack. Long-running list_sort() calls: If the list passed in may be long, or the client's cmp() callback function is slow, the client's cmp() may periodically invoke cond_resched() to voluntarily yield the CPU. All inner loops of list_sort() call back to cmp(). Stability of the sort: distinct elements that compare equal emerge from the sort in the same order as with Mark's code, for simple test cases. A boot-time test is provided to verify this and other correctness requirements. A kernel that uses drm.ko appears to run normally with this change; I have no suitable hardware to similarly test the use by UBIFS. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: style tweaks, fix comment, make list_sort_test __init] Signed-off-by: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib: Introduce generic list_sort functionDave Chinner2010-01-121-0/+102
There are two copies of list_sort() in the tree already, one in the DRM code, another in ubifs. Now XFS needs this as well. Create a generic list_sort() function from the ubifs version and convert existing users to it so we don't end up with yet another copy in the tree. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Acked-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com> Acked-by: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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