| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age | Files | Lines |
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Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
- Fix wbt performance regression introduced with the blk-rq-qos
refactoring (Harshad)
- Fix io_uring fileset removal inadvertently killing the workqueue (me)
- Fix io_uring typo in linked command nonblock submission (Pavel)
- Remove spurious io_uring wakeups on request free (Pavel)
- Fix null_blk zoned command error return (Keith)
- Don't use freezable workqueues for backing_dev, also means we can
revert a previous libata hack (Mika)
- Fix nbd sysfs mutex dropped too soon at removal time (Xiubo)
* tag 'for-linus-20191010' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
nbd: fix possible sysfs duplicate warning
null_blk: Fix zoned command return code
io_uring: only flush workqueues on fileset removal
io_uring: remove wait loop spurious wakeups
blk-wbt: fix performance regression in wbt scale_up/scale_down
Revert "libata, freezer: avoid block device removal while system is frozen"
bdi: Do not use freezable workqueue
io_uring: fix reversed nonblock flag for link submission
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A removable block device, such as NVMe or SSD connected over Thunderbolt
can be hot-removed any time including when the system is suspended. When
device is hot-removed during suspend and the system gets resumed, kernel
first resumes devices and then thaws the userspace including freezable
workqueues. What happens in that case is that the NVMe driver notices
that the device is unplugged and removes it from the system. This ends
up calling bdi_unregister() for the gendisk which then schedules
wb_workfn() to be run one more time.
However, since the bdi_wq is still frozen flush_delayed_work() call in
wb_shutdown() blocks forever halting system resume process. User sees
this as hang as nothing is happening anymore.
Triggering sysrq-w reveals this:
Workqueue: nvme-wq nvme_remove_dead_ctrl_work [nvme]
Call Trace:
? __schedule+0x2c5/0x630
? wait_for_completion+0xa4/0x120
schedule+0x3e/0xc0
schedule_timeout+0x1c9/0x320
? resched_curr+0x1f/0xd0
? wait_for_completion+0xa4/0x120
wait_for_completion+0xc3/0x120
? wake_up_q+0x60/0x60
__flush_work+0x131/0x1e0
? flush_workqueue_prep_pwqs+0x130/0x130
bdi_unregister+0xb9/0x130
del_gendisk+0x2d2/0x2e0
nvme_ns_remove+0xed/0x110 [nvme_core]
nvme_remove_namespaces+0x96/0xd0 [nvme_core]
nvme_remove+0x5b/0x160 [nvme]
pci_device_remove+0x36/0x90
device_release_driver_internal+0xdf/0x1c0
nvme_remove_dead_ctrl_work+0x14/0x30 [nvme]
process_one_work+0x1c2/0x3f0
worker_thread+0x48/0x3e0
kthread+0x100/0x140
? current_work+0x30/0x30
? kthread_park+0x80/0x80
ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40
This is not limited to NVMes so exactly same issue can be reproduced by
hot-removing SSD (over Thunderbolt) while the system is suspended.
Prevent this from happening by removing WQ_FREEZABLE from bdi_wq.
Reported-by: AceLan Kao <acelan.kao@canonical.com>
Link: https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=138695698516487
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204385
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20191002122136.GD2819@lahna.fi.intel.com/#t
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs
Pull mount fixes from Al Viro:
"A couple of regressions from the mount series"
* 'work.mount3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
vfs: add missing blkdev_put() in get_tree_bdev()
shmem: fix LSM options parsing
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->parse_monolithic() there forgets to call security_sb_eat_lsm_opts()
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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In most configurations, kmalloc() happens to return naturally aligned
(i.e. aligned to the block size itself) blocks for power of two sizes.
That means some kmalloc() users might unknowingly rely on that
alignment, until stuff breaks when the kernel is built with e.g.
CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG or CONFIG_SLOB, and blocks stop being aligned. Then
developers have to devise workaround such as own kmem caches with
specified alignment [1], which is not always practical, as recently
evidenced in [2].
The topic has been discussed at LSF/MM 2019 [3]. Adding a
'kmalloc_aligned()' variant would not help with code unknowingly relying
on the implicit alignment. For slab implementations it would either
require creating more kmalloc caches, or allocate a larger size and only
give back part of it. That would be wasteful, especially with a generic
alignment parameter (in contrast with a fixed alignment to size).
Ideally we should provide to mm users what they need without difficult
workarounds or own reimplementations, so let's make the kmalloc()
alignment to size explicitly guaranteed for power-of-two sizes under all
configurations. What this means for the three available allocators?
* SLAB object layout happens to be mostly unchanged by the patch. The
implicitly provided alignment could be compromised with
CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB due to redzoning, however SLAB disables redzoning for
caches with alignment larger than unsigned long long. Practically on at
least x86 this includes kmalloc caches as they use cache line alignment,
which is larger than that. Still, this patch ensures alignment on all
arches and cache sizes.
* SLUB layout is also unchanged unless redzoning is enabled through
CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG and boot parameter for the particular kmalloc cache.
With this patch, explicit alignment is guaranteed with redzoning as
well. This will result in more memory being wasted, but that should be
acceptable in a debugging scenario.
* SLOB has no implicit alignment so this patch adds it explicitly for
kmalloc(). The potential downside is increased fragmentation. While
pathological allocation scenarios are certainly possible, in my testing,
after booting a x86_64 kernel+userspace with virtme, around 16MB memory
was consumed by slab pages both before and after the patch, with
difference in the noise.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/c3157c8e8e0e7588312b40c853f65c02fe6c957a.1566399731.git.christophe.leroy@c-s.fr/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20190225040904.5557-1-ming.lei@redhat.com/
[3] https://lwn.net/Articles/787740/
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: documentation fixlet, per Matthew]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190826111627.7505-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: "Darrick J . Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "guarantee natural alignment for kmalloc()", v2.
This patch (of 2):
SLOB currently doesn't account its pages at all, so in /proc/meminfo the
Slab field shows zero. Modifying a counter on page allocation and
freeing should be acceptable even for the small system scenarios SLOB is
intended for. Since reclaimable caches are not separated in SLOB,
account everything as unreclaimable.
SLUB currently doesn't account kmalloc() and kmalloc_node() allocations
larger than order-1 page, that are passed directly to the page
allocator. As they also don't appear in /proc/slabinfo, it might look
like a memory leak. For consistency, account them as well. (SLAB
doesn't actually use page allocator directly, so no change there).
Ideally SLOB and SLUB would be handled in separate patches, but due to
the shared kmalloc_order() function and different kfree()
implementations, it's easier to patch both at once to prevent
inconsistencies.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190826111627.7505-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: "Darrick J . Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch is an incremental improvement on the existing
memory.{low,min} relative reclaim work to base its scan pressure
calculations on how much protection is available compared to the current
usage, rather than how much the current usage is over some protection
threshold.
This change doesn't change the experience for the user in the normal
case too much. One benefit is that it replaces the (somewhat arbitrary)
100% cutoff with an indefinite slope, which makes it easier to ballpark
a memory.low value.
As well as this, the old methodology doesn't quite apply generically to
machines with varying amounts of physical memory. Let's say we have a
top level cgroup, workload.slice, and another top level cgroup,
system-management.slice. We want to roughly give 12G to
system-management.slice, so on a 32GB machine we set memory.low to 20GB
in workload.slice, and on a 64GB machine we set memory.low to 52GB.
However, because these are relative amounts to the total machine size,
while the amount of memory we want to generally be willing to yield to
system.slice is absolute (12G), we end up putting more pressure on
system.slice just because we have a larger machine and a larger workload
to fill it, which seems fairly unintuitive. With this new behaviour, we
don't end up with this unintended side effect.
Previously the way that memory.low protection works is that if you are
50% over a certain baseline, you get 50% of your normal scan pressure.
This is certainly better than the previous cliff-edge behaviour, but it
can be improved even further by always considering memory under the
currently enforced protection threshold to be out of bounds. This means
that we can set relatively low memory.low thresholds for variable or
bursty workloads while still getting a reasonable level of protection,
whereas with the previous version we may still trivially hit the 100%
clamp. The previous 100% clamp is also somewhat arbitrary, whereas this
one is more concretely based on the currently enforced protection
threshold, which is likely easier to reason about.
There is also a subtle issue with the way that proportional reclaim
worked previously -- it promotes having no memory.low, since it makes
pressure higher during low reclaim. This happens because we base our
scan pressure modulation on how far memory.current is between memory.min
and memory.low, but if memory.low is unset, we only use the overage
method. In most cromulent configurations, this then means that we end
up with *more* pressure than with no memory.low at all when we're in low
reclaim, which is not really very usable or expected.
With this patch, memory.low and memory.min affect reclaim pressure in a
more understandable and composable way. For example, from a user
standpoint, "protected" memory now remains untouchable from a reclaim
aggression standpoint, and users can also have more confidence that
bursty workloads will still receive some amount of guaranteed
protection.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190322160307.GA3316@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Roman points out that when when we do the low reclaim pass, we scale the
reclaim pressure relative to position between 0 and the maximum
protection threshold.
However, if the maximum protection is based on memory.elow, and
memory.emin is above zero, this means we still may get binary behaviour
on second-pass low reclaim. This is because we scale starting at 0, not
starting at memory.emin, and since we don't scan at all below emin, we
end up with cliff behaviour.
This should be a fairly uncommon case since usually we don't go into the
second pass, but it makes sense to scale our low reclaim pressure
starting at emin.
You can test this by catting two large sparse files, one in a cgroup
with emin set to some moderate size compared to physical RAM, and
another cgroup without any emin. In both cgroups, set an elow larger
than 50% of physical RAM. The one with emin will have less page
scanning, as reclaim pressure is lower.
Rebase on top of and apply the same idea as what was applied to handle
cgroup_memory=disable properly for the original proportional patch
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190201045711.GA18302@chrisdown.name ("mm,
memcg: Handle cgroup_disable=memory when getting memcg protection").
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190201051810.GA18895@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Suggested-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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cgroup v2 introduces two memory protection thresholds: memory.low
(best-effort) and memory.min (hard protection). While they generally do
what they say on the tin, there is a limitation in their implementation
that makes them difficult to use effectively: that cliff behaviour often
manifests when they become eligible for reclaim. This patch implements
more intuitive and usable behaviour, where we gradually mount more
reclaim pressure as cgroups further and further exceed their protection
thresholds.
This cliff edge behaviour happens because we only choose whether or not
to reclaim based on whether the memcg is within its protection limits
(see the use of mem_cgroup_protected in shrink_node), but we don't vary
our reclaim behaviour based on this information. Imagine the following
timeline, with the numbers the lruvec size in this zone:
1. memory.low=1000000, memory.current=999999. 0 pages may be scanned.
2. memory.low=1000000, memory.current=1000000. 0 pages may be scanned.
3. memory.low=1000000, memory.current=1000001. 1000001* pages may be
scanned. (?!)
* Of course, we won't usually scan all available pages in the zone even
without this patch because of scan control priority, over-reclaim
protection, etc. However, as shown by the tests at the end, these
techniques don't sufficiently throttle such an extreme change in input,
so cliff-like behaviour isn't really averted by their existence alone.
Here's an example of how this plays out in practice. At Facebook, we are
trying to protect various workloads from "system" software, like
configuration management tools, metric collectors, etc (see this[0] case
study). In order to find a suitable memory.low value, we start by
determining the expected memory range within which the workload will be
comfortable operating. This isn't an exact science -- memory usage deemed
"comfortable" will vary over time due to user behaviour, differences in
composition of work, etc, etc. As such we need to ballpark memory.low,
but doing this is currently problematic:
1. If we end up setting it too low for the workload, it won't have
*any* effect (see discussion above). The group will receive the full
weight of reclaim and won't have any priority while competing with the
less important system software, as if we had no memory.low configured
at all.
2. Because of this behaviour, we end up erring on the side of setting
it too high, such that the comfort range is reliably covered. However,
protected memory is completely unavailable to the rest of the system,
so we might cause undue memory and IO pressure there when we *know* we
have some elasticity in the workload.
3. Even if we get the value totally right, smack in the middle of the
comfort zone, we get extreme jumps between no pressure and full
pressure that cause unpredictable pressure spikes in the workload due
to the current binary reclaim behaviour.
With this patch, we can set it to our ballpark estimation without too much
worry. Any undesirable behaviour, such as too much or too little reclaim
pressure on the workload or system will be proportional to how far our
estimation is off. This means we can set memory.low much more
conservatively and thus waste less resources *without* the risk of the
workload falling off a cliff if we overshoot.
As a more abstract technical description, this unintuitive behaviour
results in having to give high-priority workloads a large protection
buffer on top of their expected usage to function reliably, as otherwise
we have abrupt periods of dramatically increased memory pressure which
hamper performance. Having to set these thresholds so high wastes
resources and generally works against the principle of work conservation.
In addition, having proportional memory reclaim behaviour has other
benefits. Most notably, before this patch it's basically mandatory to set
memory.low to a higher than desirable value because otherwise as soon as
you exceed memory.low, all protection is lost, and all pages are eligible
to scan again. By contrast, having a gradual ramp in reclaim pressure
means that you now still get some protection when thresholds are exceeded,
which means that one can now be more comfortable setting memory.low to
lower values without worrying that all protection will be lost. This is
important because workingset size is really hard to know exactly,
especially with variable workloads, so at least getting *some* protection
if your workingset size grows larger than you expect increases user
confidence in setting memory.low without a huge buffer on top being
needed.
Thanks a lot to Johannes Weiner and Tejun Heo for their advice and
assistance in thinking about how to make this work better.
In testing these changes, I intended to verify that:
1. Changes in page scanning become gradual and proportional instead of
binary.
To test this, I experimented stepping further and further down
memory.low protection on a workload that floats around 19G workingset
when under memory.low protection, watching page scan rates for the
workload cgroup:
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+--------------+
| memory.low | test (pgscan/s) | control (pgscan/s) | % of control |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+--------------+
| 21G | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 17G | 867 | 3799 | 23% |
| 12G | 1203 | 3543 | 34% |
| 8G | 2534 | 3979 | 64% |
| 4G | 3980 | 4147 | 96% |
| 0 | 3799 | 3980 | 95% |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------+--------------+
As you can see, the test kernel (with a kernel containing this
patch) ramps up page scanning significantly more gradually than the
control kernel (without this patch).
2. More gradual ramp up in reclaim aggression doesn't result in
premature OOMs.
To test this, I wrote a script that slowly increments the number of
pages held by stress(1)'s --vm-keep mode until a production system
entered severe overall memory contention. This script runs in a highly
protected slice taking up the majority of available system memory.
Watching vmstat revealed that page scanning continued essentially
nominally between test and control, without causing forward reclaim
progress to become arrested.
[0]: https://facebookmicrosites.github.io/cgroup2/docs/overview.html#case-study-the-fbtax2-project
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: reflow block comments to fit in 80 cols]
[chris@chrisdown.name: handle cgroup_disable=memory when getting memcg protection]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190201045711.GA18302@chrisdown.name
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190124014455.GA6396@chrisdown.name
Signed-off-by: Chris Down <chris@chrisdown.name>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The "mode" and "level" variables are enums and in this context GCC will
treat them as unsigned ints so the error handling is never triggered.
I also removed the bogus initializer because it isn't required any more
and it's sort of confusing.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: reduce implicit and explicit typecasting]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix return value, add comment, per Matthew]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190925110449.GO3264@mwanda
Fixes: 3cadfa2b9497 ("mm/vmpressure.c: convert to use match_string() helper")
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Enrico Weigelt <info@metux.net>
Cc: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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On architectures like s390, arch_free_page() could mark the page unused
(set_page_unused()) and any access later would trigger a kernel panic.
Fix it by moving arch_free_page() after all possible accessing calls.
Hardware name: IBM 2964 N96 400 (z/VM 6.4.0)
Krnl PSW : 0404e00180000000 0000000026c2b96e (__free_pages_ok+0x34e/0x5d8)
R:0 T:1 IO:0 EX:0 Key:0 M:1 W:0 P:0 AS:3 CC:2 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3
Krnl GPRS: 0000000088d43af7 0000000000484000 000000000000007c 000000000000000f
000003d080012100 000003d080013fc0 0000000000000000 0000000000100000
00000000275cca48 0000000000000100 0000000000000008 000003d080010000
00000000000001d0 000003d000000000 0000000026c2b78a 000000002717fdb0
Krnl Code: 0000000026c2b95c: ec1100b30659 risbgn %r1,%r1,0,179,6
0000000026c2b962: e32014000036 pfd 2,1024(%r1)
#0000000026c2b968: d7ff10001000 xc 0(256,%r1),0(%r1)
>0000000026c2b96e: 41101100 la %r1,256(%r1)
0000000026c2b972: a737fff8 brctg %r3,26c2b962
0000000026c2b976: d7ff10001000 xc 0(256,%r1),0(%r1)
0000000026c2b97c: e31003400004 lg %r1,832
0000000026c2b982: ebff1430016a asi 5168(%r1),-1
Call Trace:
__free_pages_ok+0x16a/0x5d8)
memblock_free_all+0x206/0x290
mem_init+0x58/0x120
start_kernel+0x2b0/0x570
startup_continue+0x6a/0xc0
INFO: lockdep is turned off.
Last Breaking-Event-Address:
__free_pages_ok+0x372/0x5d8
Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception: panic_on_oops
00: HCPGIR450W CP entered; disabled wait PSW 00020001 80000000 00000000 26A2379C
In the past, only kernel_poison_pages() would trigger this but it needs
"page_poison=on" kernel cmdline, and I suspect nobody tested that on
s390. Recently, kernel_init_free_pages() (commit 6471384af2a6 ("mm:
security: introduce init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 boot options"))
was added and could trigger this as well.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add comment]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1569613623-16820-1-git-send-email-cai@lca.pw
Fixes: 8823b1dbc05f ("mm/page_poison.c: enable PAGE_POISONING as a separate option")
Fixes: 6471384af2a6 ("mm: security: introduce init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 boot options")
Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Duyck <alexander.duyck@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [5.3+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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There's a really hard to reproduce race in z3fold between z3fold_free()
and z3fold_reclaim_page(). z3fold_reclaim_page() can claim the page
after z3fold_free() has checked if the page was claimed and
z3fold_free() will then schedule this page for compaction which may in
turn lead to random page faults (since that page would have been
reclaimed by then).
Fix that by claiming page in the beginning of z3fold_free() and not
forgetting to clear the claim in the end.
[vitalywool@gmail.com: v2]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190928113456.152742cf@bigdell
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190926104844.4f0c6efa1366b8f5741eaba9@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Markus Linnala <markus.linnala@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Henry Burns <henrywolfeburns@gmail.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Markus Linnala <markus.linnala@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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We get two warnings when build kernel W=1:
mm/shuffle.c:36:12: warning: no previous prototype for `shuffle_show' [-Wmissing-prototypes]
mm/sparse.c:220:6: warning: no previous prototype for `subsection_mask_set' [-Wmissing-prototypes]
Make the functions static to fix this.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1566978161-7293-1-git-send-email-wang.yi59@zte.com.cn
Signed-off-by: Yi Wang <wang.yi59@zte.com.cn>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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SECTION_SIZE and SECTION_MASK macros are not getting used anymore. But
they do conflict with existing definitions on arm64 platform causing
following warning during build. Lets drop these unused macros.
mm/memremap.c:16: warning: "SECTION_MASK" redefined
#define SECTION_MASK ~((1UL << PA_SECTION_SHIFT) - 1)
arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-hwdef.h:79: note: this is the location of the previous definition
#define SECTION_MASK (~(SECTION_SIZE-1))
mm/memremap.c:17: warning: "SECTION_SIZE" redefined
#define SECTION_SIZE (1UL << PA_SECTION_SHIFT)
arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-hwdef.h:78: note: this is the location of the previous definition
#define SECTION_SIZE (_AC(1, UL) << SECTION_SHIFT)
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1569312010-31313-1-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Cc: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
Cc: Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge hugepage allocation updates from David Rientjes:
"We (mostly Linus, Andrea, and myself) have been discussing offlist how
to implement a sane default allocation strategy for hugepages on NUMA
platforms.
With these reverts in place, the page allocator will happily allocate
a remote hugepage immediately rather than try to make a local hugepage
available. This incurs a substantial performance degradation when
memory compaction would have otherwise made a local hugepage
available.
This series reverts those reverts and attempts to propose a more sane
default allocation strategy specifically for hugepages. Andrea
acknowledges this is likely to fix the swap storms that he originally
reported that resulted in the patches that removed __GFP_THISNODE from
hugepage allocations.
The immediate goal is to return 5.3 to the behavior the kernel has
implemented over the past several years so that remote hugepages are
not immediately allocated when local hugepages could have been made
available because the increased access latency is untenable.
The next goal is to introduce a sane default allocation strategy for
hugepages allocations in general regardless of the configuration of
the system so that we prevent thrashing of local memory when
compaction is unlikely to succeed and can prefer remote hugepages over
remote native pages when the local node is low on memory."
Note on timing: this reverts the hugepage VM behavior changes that got
introduced fairly late in the 5.3 cycle, and that fixed a huge
performance regression for certain loads that had been around since
4.18.
Andrea had this note:
"The regression of 4.18 was that it was taking hours to start a VM
where 3.10 was only taking a few seconds, I reported all the details
on lkml when it was finally tracked down in August 2018.
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20180820032640.9896-2-aarcange@redhat.com/
__GFP_THISNODE in MADV_HUGEPAGE made the above enterprise vfio
workload degrade like in the "current upstream" above. And it still
would have been that bad as above until 5.3-rc5"
where the bad behavior ends up happening as you fill up a local node,
and without that change, you'd get into the nasty swap storm behavior
due to compaction working overtime to make room for more memory on the
nodes.
As a result 5.3 got the two performance fix reverts in rc5.
However, David Rientjes then noted that those performance fixes in turn
regressed performance for other loads - although not quite to the same
degree. He suggested reverting the reverts and instead replacing them
with two small changes to how hugepage allocations are done (patch
descriptions rephrased by me):
- "avoid expensive reclaim when compaction may not succeed": just admit
that the allocation failed when you're trying to allocate a huge-page
and compaction wasn't successful.
- "allow hugepage fallback to remote nodes when madvised": when that
node-local huge-page allocation failed, retry without forcing the
local node.
but by then I judged it too late to replace the fixes for a 5.3 release.
So 5.3 was released with behavior that harked back to the pre-4.18 logic.
But now we're in the merge window for 5.4, and we can see if this
alternate model fixes not just the horrendous swap storm behavior, but
also restores the performance regression that the late reverts caused.
Fingers crossed.
* emailed patches from David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>:
mm, page_alloc: allow hugepage fallback to remote nodes when madvised
mm, page_alloc: avoid expensive reclaim when compaction may not succeed
Revert "Revert "Revert "mm, thp: consolidate THP gfp handling into alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask""
Revert "Revert "mm, thp: restore node-local hugepage allocations""
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For systems configured to always try hard to allocate transparent
hugepages (thp defrag setting of "always") or for memory that has been
explicitly madvised to MADV_HUGEPAGE, it is often better to fallback to
remote memory to allocate the hugepage if the local allocation fails
first.
The point is to allow the initial call to __alloc_pages_node() to attempt
to defragment local memory to make a hugepage available, if possible,
rather than immediately fallback to remote memory. Local hugepages will
always have a better access latency than remote (huge)pages, so an attempt
to make a hugepage available locally is always preferred.
If memory compaction cannot be successful locally, however, it is likely
better to fallback to remote memory. This could take on two forms: either
allow immediate fallback to remote memory or do per-zone watermark checks.
It would be possible to fallback only when per-zone watermarks fail for
order-0 memory, since that would require local reclaim for all subsequent
faults so remote huge allocation is likely better than thrashing the local
zone for large workloads.
In this case, it is assumed that because the system is configured to try
hard to allocate hugepages or the vma is advised to explicitly want to try
hard for hugepages that remote allocation is better when local allocation
and memory compaction have both failed.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Stefan Priebe - Profihost AG <s.priebe@profihost.ag>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Memory compaction has a couple significant drawbacks as the allocation
order increases, specifically:
- isolate_freepages() is responsible for finding free pages to use as
migration targets and is implemented as a linear scan of memory
starting at the end of a zone,
- failing order-0 watermark checks in memory compaction does not account
for how far below the watermarks the zone actually is: to enable
migration, there must be *some* free memory available. Per the above,
watermarks are not always suffficient if isolate_freepages() cannot
find the free memory but it could require hundreds of MBs of reclaim to
even reach this threshold (read: potentially very expensive reclaim with
no indication compaction can be successful), and
- if compaction at this order has failed recently so that it does not even
run as a result of deferred compaction, looping through reclaim can often
be pointless.
For hugepage allocations, these are quite substantial drawbacks because
these are very high order allocations (order-9 on x86) and falling back to
doing reclaim can potentially be *very* expensive without any indication
that compaction would even be successful.
Reclaim itself is unlikely to free entire pageblocks and certainly no
reliance should be put on it to do so in isolation (recall lumpy reclaim).
This means we should avoid reclaim and simply fail hugepage allocation if
compaction is deferred.
It is also not helpful to thrash a zone by doing excessive reclaim if
compaction may not be able to access that memory. If order-0 watermarks
fail and the allocation order is sufficiently large, it is likely better
to fail the allocation rather than thrashing the zone.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Stefan Priebe - Profihost AG <s.priebe@profihost.ag>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask""
This reverts commit 92717d429b38e4f9f934eed7e605cc42858f1839.
Since commit a8282608c88e ("Revert "mm, thp: restore node-local hugepage
allocations"") is reverted in this series, it is better to restore the
previous 5.2 behavior between the thp allocation and the page allocator
rather than to attempt any consolidation or cleanup for a policy that is
now reverted. It's less risky during an rc cycle and subsequent patches
in this series further modify the same policy that the pre-5.3 behavior
implements.
Consolidation and cleanup can be done subsequent to a sane default page
allocation strategy, so this patch reverts a cleanup done on a strategy
that is now reverted and thus is the least risky option.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Stefan Priebe - Profihost AG <s.priebe@profihost.ag>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This reverts commit a8282608c88e08b1782141026eab61204c1e533f.
The commit references the original intended semantic for MADV_HUGEPAGE
which has subsequently taken on three unique purposes:
- enables or disables thp for a range of memory depending on the system's
config (is thp "enabled" set to "always" or "madvise"),
- determines the synchronous compaction behavior for thp allocations at
fault (is thp "defrag" set to "always", "defer+madvise", or "madvise"),
and
- reverts a previous MADV_NOHUGEPAGE (there is no madvise mode to only
clear previous hugepage advice).
These are the three purposes that currently exist in 5.2 and over the
past several years that userspace has been written around. Adding a
NUMA locality preference adds a fourth dimension to an already conflated
advice mode.
Based on the semantic that MADV_HUGEPAGE has provided over the past
several years, there exist workloads that use the tunable based on these
principles: specifically that the allocation should attempt to
defragment a local node before falling back. It is agreed that remote
hugepages typically (but not always) have a better access latency than
remote native pages, although on Naples this is at parity for
intersocket.
The revert commit that this patch reverts allows hugepage allocation to
immediately allocate remotely when local memory is fragmented. This is
contrary to the semantic of MADV_HUGEPAGE over the past several years:
that is, memory compaction should be attempted locally before falling
back.
The performance degradation of remote hugepages over local hugepages on
Rome, for example, is 53.5% increased access latency. For this reason,
the goal is to revert back to the 5.2 and previous behavior that would
attempt local defragmentation before falling back. With the patch that
is reverted by this patch, we see performance degradations at the tail
because the allocator happily allocates the remote hugepage rather than
even attempting to make a local hugepage available.
zone_reclaim_mode is not a solution to this problem since it does not
only impact hugepage allocations but rather changes the memory
allocation strategy for *all* page allocations.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Stefan Priebe - Profihost AG <s.priebe@profihost.ag>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull usercopy fix from Kees Cook:
"Fix hardened usercopy under CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL"
* tag 'usercopy-v5.4-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
usercopy: Avoid HIGHMEM pfn warning
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When running on a system with >512MB RAM with a 32-bit kernel built with:
CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y
CONFIG_HIGHMEM=y
CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY=y
all execve()s will fail due to argv copying into kmap()ed pages, and on
usercopy checking the calls ultimately of virt_to_page() will be looking
for "bad" kmap (highmem) pointers due to CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y:
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at ../arch/x86/mm/physaddr.c:83!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.3.0-rc8 #6
Hardware name: Dell Inc. Inspiron 1318/0C236D, BIOS A04 01/15/2009
EIP: __phys_addr+0xaf/0x100
...
Call Trace:
__check_object_size+0xaf/0x3c0
? __might_sleep+0x80/0xa0
copy_strings+0x1c2/0x370
copy_strings_kernel+0x2b/0x40
__do_execve_file+0x4ca/0x810
? kmem_cache_alloc+0x1c7/0x370
do_execve+0x1b/0x20
...
The check is from arch/x86/mm/physaddr.c:
VIRTUAL_BUG_ON((phys_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT) > max_low_pfn);
Due to the kmap() in fs/exec.c:
kaddr = kmap(kmapped_page);
...
if (copy_from_user(kaddr+offset, str, bytes_to_copy)) ...
Now we can fetch the correct page to avoid the pfn check. In both cases,
hardened usercopy will need to walk the page-span checker (if enabled)
to do sanity checking.
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Fixes: f5509cc18daa ("mm: Hardened usercopy")
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/201909171056.7F2FFD17@keescook
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There are many common parts between MADV_COLD and MADV_PAGEOUT.
This patch factor them out to save code duplication.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190726023435.214162-6-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@redhat.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Sonny Rao <sonnyrao@google.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Tim Murray <timmurray@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When a process expects no accesses to a certain memory range for a long
time, it could hint kernel that the pages can be reclaimed instantly but
data should be preserved for future use. This could reduce workingset
eviction so it ends up increasing performance.
This patch introduces the new MADV_PAGEOUT hint to madvise(2) syscall.
MADV_PAGEOUT can be used by a process to mark a memory range as not
expected to be used for a long time so that kernel reclaims *any LRU*
pages instantly. The hint can help kernel in deciding which pages to
evict proactively.
A note: It doesn't apply SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX LRU page isolation limit
intentionally because it's automatically bounded by PMD size. If PMD
size(e.g., 256) makes some trouble, we could fix it later by limit it to
SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX[1].
- man-page material
MADV_PAGEOUT (since Linux x.x)
Do not expect access in the near future so pages in the specified
regions could be reclaimed instantly regardless of memory pressure.
Thus, access in the range after successful operation could cause
major page fault but never lose the up-to-date contents unlike
MADV_DONTNEED. Pages belonging to a shared mapping are only processed
if a write access is allowed for the calling process.
MADV_PAGEOUT cannot be applied to locked pages, Huge TLB pages, or
VM_PFNMAP pages.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190710194719.GS29695@dhcp22.suse.cz/
[minchan@kernel.org: clear PG_active on MADV_PAGEOUT]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190802200643.GA181880@google.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: resolve conflicts with hmm.git]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190726023435.214162-5-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@redhat.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Sonny Rao <sonnyrao@google.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Tim Murray <timmurray@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The local variable references in shrink_page_list is PAGEREF_RECLAIM_CLEAN
as default. It is for preventing to reclaim dirty pages when CMA try to
migrate pages. Strictly speaking, we don't need it because CMA didn't
allow to write out by .may_writepage = 0 in reclaim_clean_pages_from_list.
Moreover, it has a problem to prevent anonymous pages's swap out even
though force_reclaim = true in shrink_page_list on upcoming patch. So
this patch makes references's default value to PAGEREF_RECLAIM and rename
force_reclaim with ignore_references to make it more clear.
This is a preparatory work for next patch.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190726023435.214162-3-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@redhat.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Sonny Rao <sonnyrao@google.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Tim Murray <timmurray@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "Introduce MADV_COLD and MADV_PAGEOUT", v7.
- Background
The Android terminology used for forking a new process and starting an app
from scratch is a cold start, while resuming an existing app is a hot
start. While we continually try to improve the performance of cold
starts, hot starts will always be significantly less power hungry as well
as faster so we are trying to make hot start more likely than cold start.
To increase hot start, Android userspace manages the order that apps
should be killed in a process called ActivityManagerService.
ActivityManagerService tracks every Android app or service that the user
could be interacting with at any time and translates that into a ranked
list for lmkd(low memory killer daemon). They are likely to be killed by
lmkd if the system has to reclaim memory. In that sense they are similar
to entries in any other cache. Those apps are kept alive for
opportunistic performance improvements but those performance improvements
will vary based on the memory requirements of individual workloads.
- Problem
Naturally, cached apps were dominant consumers of memory on the system.
However, they were not significant consumers of swap even though they are
good candidate for swap. Under investigation, swapping out only begins
once the low zone watermark is hit and kswapd wakes up, but the overall
allocation rate in the system might trip lmkd thresholds and cause a
cached process to be killed(we measured performance swapping out vs.
zapping the memory by killing a process. Unsurprisingly, zapping is 10x
times faster even though we use zram which is much faster than real
storage) so kill from lmkd will often satisfy the high zone watermark,
resulting in very few pages actually being moved to swap.
- Approach
The approach we chose was to use a new interface to allow userspace to
proactively reclaim entire processes by leveraging platform information.
This allowed us to bypass the inaccuracy of the kernel’s LRUs for pages
that are known to be cold from userspace and to avoid races with lmkd by
reclaiming apps as soon as they entered the cached state. Additionally,
it could provide many chances for platform to use much information to
optimize memory efficiency.
To achieve the goal, the patchset introduce two new options for madvise.
One is MADV_COLD which will deactivate activated pages and the other is
MADV_PAGEOUT which will reclaim private pages instantly. These new
options complement MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_FREE by adding non-destructive
ways to gain some free memory space. MADV_PAGEOUT is similar to
MADV_DONTNEED in a way that it hints the kernel that memory region is not
currently needed and should be reclaimed immediately; MADV_COLD is similar
to MADV_FREE in a way that it hints the kernel that memory region is not
currently needed and should be reclaimed when memory pressure rises.
This patch (of 5):
When a process expects no accesses to a certain memory range, it could
give a hint to kernel that the pages can be reclaimed when memory pressure
happens but data should be preserved for future use. This could reduce
workingset eviction so it ends up increasing performance.
This patch introduces the new MADV_COLD hint to madvise(2) syscall.
MADV_COLD can be used by a process to mark a memory range as not expected
to be used in the near future. The hint can help kernel in deciding which
pages to evict early during memory pressure.
It works for every LRU pages like MADV_[DONTNEED|FREE]. IOW, It moves
active file page -> inactive file LRU
active anon page -> inacdtive anon LRU
Unlike MADV_FREE, it doesn't move active anonymous pages to inactive file
LRU's head because MADV_COLD is a little bit different symantic.
MADV_FREE means it's okay to discard when the memory pressure because the
content of the page is *garbage* so freeing such pages is almost zero
overhead since we don't need to swap out and access afterward causes just
minor fault. Thus, it would make sense to put those freeable pages in
inactive file LRU to compete other used-once pages. It makes sense for
implmentaion point of view, too because it's not swapbacked memory any
longer until it would be re-dirtied. Even, it could give a bonus to make
them be reclaimed on swapless system. However, MADV_COLD doesn't mean
garbage so reclaiming them requires swap-out/in in the end so it's bigger
cost. Since we have designed VM LRU aging based on cost-model, anonymous
cold pages would be better to position inactive anon's LRU list, not file
LRU. Furthermore, it would help to avoid unnecessary scanning if system
doesn't have a swap device. Let's start simpler way without adding
complexity at this moment. However, keep in mind, too that it's a caveat
that workloads with a lot of pages cache are likely to ignore MADV_COLD on
anonymous memory because we rarely age anonymous LRU lists.
* man-page material
MADV_COLD (since Linux x.x)
Pages in the specified regions will be treated as less-recently-accessed
compared to pages in the system with similar access frequencies. In
contrast to MADV_FREE, the contents of the region are preserved regardless
of subsequent writes to pages.
MADV_COLD cannot be applied to locked pages, Huge TLB pages, or VM_PFNMAP
pages.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: resolve conflicts with hmm.git]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190726023435.214162-2-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@redhat.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Sonny Rao <sonnyrao@google.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Tim Murray <timmurray@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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There isn't a good reason to differentiate between the user address space
layout modification syscalls and the other memory permission/attributes
ones (e.g. mprotect, madvise) w.r.t. the tagged address ABI. Untag the
user addresses on entry to these functions.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190821164730.47450-2-catalin.marinas@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Cc: Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com>
Cc: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
Cc: Dave P Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch is a part of a series that extends kernel ABI to allow to pass
tagged user pointers (with the top byte set to something else other than
0x00) as syscall arguments.
get_vaddr_frames uses provided user pointers for vma lookups, which can
only by done with untagged pointers. Instead of locating and changing all
callers of this function, perform untagging in it.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/28f05e49c92b2a69c4703323d6c12208f3d881fe.1563904656.git.andreyknvl@google.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Cc: Felix Kuehling <Felix.Kuehling@amd.com>
Cc: Jens Wiklander <jens.wiklander@linaro.org>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch is a part of a series that extends kernel ABI to allow to pass
tagged user pointers (with the top byte set to something else other than
0x00) as syscall arguments.
mm/gup.c provides a kernel interface that accepts user addresses and
manipulates user pages directly (for example get_user_pages, that is used
by the futex syscall). Since a user can provided tagged addresses, we
need to handle this case.
Add untagging to gup.c functions that use user addresses for vma lookups.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4731bddba3c938658c10ff4ed55cc01c60f4c8f8.1563904656.git.andreyknvl@google.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Cc: Felix Kuehling <Felix.Kuehling@amd.com>
Cc: Jens Wiklander <jens.wiklander@linaro.org>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch is a part of a series that extends kernel ABI to allow to pass
tagged user pointers (with the top byte set to something else other than
0x00) as syscall arguments.
This patch allows tagged pointers to be passed to the following memory
syscalls: get_mempolicy, madvise, mbind, mincore, mlock, mlock2, mprotect,
mremap, msync, munlock, move_pages.
The mmap and mremap syscalls do not currently accept tagged addresses.
Architectures may interpret the tag as a background colour for the
corresponding vma.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/aaf0c0969d46b2feb9017f3e1b3ef3970b633d91.1563904656.git.andreyknvl@google.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Cc: Felix Kuehling <Felix.Kuehling@amd.com>
Cc: Jens Wiklander <jens.wiklander@linaro.org>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add RB_DECLARE_CALLBACKS_MAX, which generates augmented rbtree callbacks
for the case where the augmented value is a scalar whose definition
follows a max(f(node)) pattern. This actually covers all present uses of
RB_DECLARE_CALLBACKS, and saves some (source) code duplication in the
various RBCOMPUTE function definitions.
[walken@google.com: fix mm/vmalloc.c]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CANN689FXgK13wDYNh1zKxdipeTuALG4eKvKpsdZqKFJ-rvtGiQ@mail.gmail.com
[walken@google.com: re-add check to check_augmented()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190727022027.GA86863@google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190703040156.56953-3-walken@google.com
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Thomas has noticed the following NULL ptr dereference when using cgroup
v1 kmem limit:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000008
PGD 0
P4D 0
Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
CPU: 3 PID: 16923 Comm: gtk-update-icon Not tainted 4.19.51 #42
Hardware name: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Z97X-Gaming G1/Z97X-Gaming G1, BIOS F9 07/31/2015
RIP: 0010:create_empty_buffers+0x24/0x100
Code: cd 0f 1f 44 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 41 54 49 89 d4 ba 01 00 00 00 55 53 48 89 fb e8 97 fe ff ff 48 89 c5 48 89 c2 eb 03 48 89 ca <48> 8b 4a 08 4c 09 22 48 85 c9 75 f1 48 89 6a 08 48 8b 43 18 48 8d
RSP: 0018:ffff927ac1b37bf8 EFLAGS: 00010286
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: fffff2d4429fd740 RCX: 0000000100097149
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000082 RDI: ffff9075a99fbe00
RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: fffff2d440949cc8 R09: 00000000000960c0
R10: 0000000000000002 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: ffff907601f18360 R14: 0000000000002000 R15: 0000000000001000
FS: 00007fb55b288bc0(0000) GS:ffff90761f8c0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000008 CR3: 000000007aebc002 CR4: 00000000001606e0
Call Trace:
create_page_buffers+0x4d/0x60
__block_write_begin_int+0x8e/0x5a0
? ext4_inode_attach_jinode.part.82+0xb0/0xb0
? jbd2__journal_start+0xd7/0x1f0
ext4_da_write_begin+0x112/0x3d0
generic_perform_write+0xf1/0x1b0
? file_update_time+0x70/0x140
__generic_file_write_iter+0x141/0x1a0
ext4_file_write_iter+0xef/0x3b0
__vfs_write+0x17e/0x1e0
vfs_write+0xa5/0x1a0
ksys_write+0x57/0xd0
do_syscall_64+0x55/0x160
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
Tetsuo then noticed that this is because the __memcg_kmem_charge_memcg
fails __GFP_NOFAIL charge when the kmem limit is reached. This is a wrong
behavior because nofail allocations are not allowed to fail. Normal
charge path simply forces the charge even if that means to cross the
limit. Kmem accounting should be doing the same.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190906125608.32129-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Thomas Lindroth <thomas.lindroth@gmail.com>
Debugged-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Thomas Lindroth <thomas.lindroth@gmail.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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set_zspage_inuse() was introduced in the commit 4f42047bbde0 ("zsmalloc:
use accessor") but all the users of it were removed later by the commits,
bdb0af7ca8f0 ("zsmalloc: factor page chain functionality out")
3783689a1aa8 ("zsmalloc: introduce zspage structure")
so the function can be safely removed now.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1568658408-19374-1-git-send-email-cai@lca.pw
Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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zswap_writeback_entry() maps a handle to read swpentry first, and
then in the most common case it would map the same handle again.
This is ok when zbud is the backend since its mapping callback is
plain and simple, but it slows things down for z3fold.
Since there's hardly a point in unmapping a handle _that_ fast as
zswap_writeback_entry() does when it reads swpentry, the
suggestion is to keep the handle mapped till the end.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190916004640.b453167d3556c4093af4cf7d@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This is the third version that was updated according to the comments from
Sergey Senozhatsky https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/5/29/73 and Shakeel Butt
https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/6/4/973
zswap compresses swap pages into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory
pool. The memory pool should be zbud, z3fold or zsmalloc. All of them
will allocate unmovable pages. It will increase the number of unmovable
page blocks that will bad for anti-fragment.
zsmalloc support page migration if request movable page:
handle = zs_malloc(zram->mem_pool, comp_len,
GFP_NOIO | __GFP_HIGHMEM |
__GFP_MOVABLE);
And commit "zpool: Add malloc_support_movable to zpool_driver" add
zpool_malloc_support_movable check malloc_support_movable to make sure if
a zpool support allocate movable memory.
This commit let zswap allocate block with gfp
__GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_MOVABLE if zpool support allocate movable memory.
Following part is test log in a pc that has 8G memory and 2G swap.
Without this commit:
~# echo lz4 > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/compressor
~# echo zsmalloc > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/zpool
~# echo 1 > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled
~# swapon /swapfile
~# cd /home/teawater/kernel/vm-scalability/
/home/teawater/kernel/vm-scalability# export unit_size=$((9 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024))
/home/teawater/kernel/vm-scalability# ./case-anon-w-seq
2717908992 bytes / 4826062 usecs = 549973 KB/s
2717908992 bytes / 4864201 usecs = 545661 KB/s
2717908992 bytes / 4867015 usecs = 545346 KB/s
2717908992 bytes / 4915485 usecs = 539968 KB/s
397853 usecs to free memory
357820 usecs to free memory
421333 usecs to free memory
420454 usecs to free memory
/home/teawater/kernel/vm-scalability# cat /proc/pagetypeinfo
Page block order: 9
Pages per block: 512
Free pages count per migrate type at order 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Node 0, zone DMA, type Unmovable 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type Movable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3
Node 0, zone DMA, type Reclaimable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type HighAtomic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type CMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA32, type Unmovable 6 5 8 6 6 5 4 1 1 1 0
Node 0, zone DMA32, type Movable 25 20 20 19 22 15 14 11 11 5 767
Node 0, zone DMA32, type Reclaimable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA32, type HighAtomic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA32, type CMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA32, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Unmovable 4753 5588 5159 4613 3712 2520 1448 594 188 11 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Movable 16 3 457 2648 2143 1435 860 459 223 224 296
Node 0, zone Normal, type Reclaimable 0 0 44 38 11 2 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type HighAtomic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type CMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of blocks type Unmovable Movable Reclaimable HighAtomic CMA Isolate
Node 0, zone DMA 1 7 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA32 4 1652 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal 931 1485 15 0 0 0
With this commit:
~# echo lz4 > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/compressor
~# echo zsmalloc > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/zpool
~# echo 1 > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled
~# swapon /swapfile
~# cd /home/teawater/kernel/vm-scalability/
/home/teawater/kernel/vm-scalability# export unit_size=$((9 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024))
/home/teawater/kernel/vm-scalability# ./case-anon-w-seq
2717908992 bytes / 4689240 usecs = 566020 KB/s
2717908992 bytes / 4760605 usecs = 557535 KB/s
2717908992 bytes / 4803621 usecs = 552543 KB/s
2717908992 bytes / 5069828 usecs = 523530 KB/s
431546 usecs to free memory
383397 usecs to free memory
456454 usecs to free memory
224487 usecs to free memory
/home/teawater/kernel/vm-scalability# cat /proc/pagetypeinfo
Page block order: 9
Pages per block: 512
Free pages count per migrate type at order 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Node 0, zone DMA, type Unmovable 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type Movable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3
Node 0, zone DMA, type Reclaimable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type HighAtomic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type CMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA32, type Unmovable 10 8 10 9 10 4 3 2 3 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA32, type Movable 18 12 14 16 16 11 9 5 5 6 775
Node 0, zone DMA32, type Reclaimable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Node 0, zone DMA32, type HighAtomic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA32, type CMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA32, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Unmovable 2669 1236 452 118 37 14 4 1 2 3 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Movable 3850 6086 5274 4327 3510 2494 1520 934 438 220 470
Node 0, zone Normal, type Reclaimable 56 93 155 124 47 31 17 7 3 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type HighAtomic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type CMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of blocks type Unmovable Movable Reclaimable HighAtomic CMA Isolate
Node 0, zone DMA 1 7 0 0 0 0
Node 0, zone DMA32 4 1650 2 0 0 0
Node 0, zone Normal 79 2326 26 0 0 0
You can see that the number of unmovable page blocks is decreased
when the kernel has this commit.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190605100630.13293-2-teawaterz@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Hui Zhu <teawaterz@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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As a zpool_driver, zsmalloc can allocate movable memory because it support
migate pages. But zbud and z3fold cannot allocate movable memory.
Add malloc_support_movable to zpool_driver. If a zpool_driver support
allocate movable memory, set it to true. And add
zpool_malloc_support_movable check malloc_support_movable to make sure if
a zpool support allocate movable memory.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190605100630.13293-1-teawaterz@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Hui Zhu <teawaterz@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Replace "fault_mm" with "vmf" in code comment because commit cfda05267f7b
("userfaultfd: shmem: add userfaultfd hook for shared memory faults") has
changed the prototpye of shmem_getpage_gfp() - pass vmf instead of
fault_mm to the function.
Before:
static int shmem_getpage_gfp(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
struct page **pagep, enum sgp_type sgp,
gfp_t gfp, struct mm_struct *fault_mm, int *fault_type);
After:
static int shmem_getpage_gfp(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
struct page **pagep, enum sgp_type sgp,
gfp_t gfp, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
struct vm_fault *vmf, vm_fault_t *fault_type);
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190816100204.9781-1-miles.chen@mediatek.com
Signed-off-by: Miles Chen <miles.chen@mediatek.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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madvise_behavior() converts -ENOMEM to -EAGAIN in several places using
identical code.
Move that code to a common error handling path.
No functional changes.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1564640896-1210-1-git-send-email-rppt@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pankaj Gupta <pagupta@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The AF_XDP sockets umem mapping interface uses XDP_UMEM_PGOFF_FILL_RING
and XDP_UMEM_PGOFF_COMPLETION_RING offsets. These offsets are
established already and are part of the configuration interface.
But for 32-bit systems, using AF_XDP socket configuration, these values
are too large to pass the maximum allowed file size verification. The
offsets can be tuned off, but instead of changing the existing
interface, let's extend the max allowed file size for sockets.
No one has been using this until this patch with 32 bits as without
this fix af_xdp sockets can't be used at all, so it unblocks af_xdp
socket usage for 32bit systems.
All list of mmap cbs for sockets was verified for side effects and all
of them contain dummy cb - sock_no_mmap() at this moment, except the
following:
xsk_mmap() - it's what this fix is needed for.
tcp_mmap() - doesn't have obvious issues with pgoff - no any references on it.
packet_mmap() - return -EINVAL if it's even set.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190812124326.32146-1-ivan.khoronzhuk@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Ivan Khoronzhuk <ivan.khoronzhuk@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Björn Töpel <bjorn.topel@intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Magnus Karlsson <magnus.karlsson@intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When addr is out of range of the whole rb_tree, pprev will point to the
right-most node. rb_tree facility already provides a helper function,
rb_last(), to do this task. We can leverage this instead of
reimplementing it.
This patch refines find_vma_prev() with rb_last() to make it a little
nicer to read.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: little cleanup, per Vlastimil]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190809001928.4950-1-richardw.yang@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richardw.yang@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This commits selects ARCH_HAS_ELF_RANDOMIZE when an arch uses the generic
topdown mmap layout functions so that this security feature is on by
default.
Note that this commit also removes the possibility for arm64 to have elf
randomization and no MMU: without MMU, the security added by randomization
is worth nothing.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190730055113.23635-6-alex@ghiti.fr
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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arm64 handles top-down mmap layout in a way that can be easily reused by
other architectures, so make it available in mm. It then introduces a new
config ARCH_WANT_DEFAULT_TOPDOWN_MMAP_LAYOUT that can be set by other
architectures to benefit from those functions. Note that this new config
depends on MMU being enabled, if selected without MMU support, a warning
will be thrown.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190730055113.23635-5-alex@ghiti.fr
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "Provide generic top-down mmap layout functions", v6.
This series introduces generic functions to make top-down mmap layout
easily accessible to architectures, in particular riscv which was the
initial goal of this series. The generic implementation was taken from
arm64 and used successively by arm, mips and finally riscv.
Note that in addition the series fixes 2 issues:
- stack randomization was taken into account even if not necessary.
- [1] fixed an issue with mmap base which did not take into account
randomization but did not report it to arm and mips, so by moving arm64
into a generic library, this problem is now fixed for both
architectures.
This work is an effort to factorize architecture functions to avoid code
duplication and oversights as in [1].
[1]: https://www.mail-archive.com/linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org/msg1429066.html
This patch (of 14):
This preparatory commit moves this function so that further introduction
of generic topdown mmap layout is contained only in mm/util.c.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190730055113.23635-2-alex@ghiti.fr
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
Cc: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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khugepaged needs exclusive mmap_sem to access page table. When it fails
to lock mmap_sem, the page will fault in as pte-mapped THP. As the page
is already a THP, khugepaged will not handle this pmd again.
This patch enables the khugepaged to retry collapse the page table.
struct mm_slot (in khugepaged.c) is extended with an array, containing
addresses of pte-mapped THPs. We use array here for simplicity. We can
easily replace it with more advanced data structures when needed.
In khugepaged_scan_mm_slot(), if the mm contains pte-mapped THP, we try to
collapse the page table.
Since collapse may happen at an later time, some pages may already fault
in. collapse_pte_mapped_thp() is added to properly handle these pages.
collapse_pte_mapped_thp() also double checks whether all ptes in this pmd
are mapping to the same THP. This is necessary because some subpage of
the THP may be replaced, for example by uprobe. In such cases, it is not
possible to collapse the pmd.
[kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com: add comments for retract_page_tables()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190816145443.6ard3iilytc6jlgv@box
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190815164525.1848545-6-songliubraving@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Introduce a new foll_flag: FOLL_SPLIT_PMD. As the name says
FOLL_SPLIT_PMD splits huge pmd for given mm_struct, the underlining huge
page stays as-is.
FOLL_SPLIT_PMD is useful for cases where we need to use regular pages, but
would switch back to huge page and huge pmd on. One of such example is
uprobe. The following patches use FOLL_SPLIT_PMD in uprobe.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190815164525.1848545-4-songliubraving@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "THP aware uprobe", v13.
This patchset makes uprobe aware of THPs.
Currently, when uprobe is attached to text on THP, the page is split by
FOLL_SPLIT. As a result, uprobe eliminates the performance benefit of
THP.
This set makes uprobe THP-aware. Instead of FOLL_SPLIT, we introduces
FOLL_SPLIT_PMD, which only split PMD for uprobe.
After all uprobes within the THP are removed, the PTE-mapped pages are
regrouped as huge PMD.
This set (plus a few THP patches) is also available at
https://github.com/liu-song-6/linux/tree/uprobe-thp
This patch (of 6):
Move memcmp_pages() to mm/util.c and pages_identical() to mm.h, so that we
can use them in other files.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190815164525.1848545-2-songliubraving@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.wilcox@oracle.com>
Cc: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently THP deferred split shrinker is not memcg aware, this may cause
premature OOM with some configuration. For example the below test would
run into premature OOM easily:
$ cgcreate -g memory:thp
$ echo 4G > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/thp/memory/limit_in_bytes
$ cgexec -g memory:thp transhuge-stress 4000
transhuge-stress comes from kernel selftest.
It is easy to hit OOM, but there are still a lot THP on the deferred split
queue, memcg direct reclaim can't touch them since the deferred split
shrinker is not memcg aware.
Convert deferred split shrinker memcg aware by introducing per memcg
deferred split queue. The THP should be on either per node or per memcg
deferred split queue if it belongs to a memcg. When the page is
immigrated to the other memcg, it will be immigrated to the target memcg's
deferred split queue too.
Reuse the second tail page's deferred_list for per memcg list since the
same THP can't be on multiple deferred split queues.
[yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com: simplify deferred split queue dereference per Kirill Tkhai]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1566496227-84952-5-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1565144277-36240-5-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently shrinker is just allocated and can work when memcg kmem is
enabled. But, THP deferred split shrinker is not slab shrinker, it
doesn't make too much sense to have such shrinker depend on memcg kmem.
It should be able to reclaim THP even though memcg kmem is disabled.
Introduce a new shrinker flag, SHRINKER_NONSLAB, for non-slab shrinker.
When memcg kmem is disabled, just such shrinkers can be called in
shrinking memcg slab.
[yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com: add comment]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1566496227-84952-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1565144277-36240-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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A later patch makes THP deferred split shrinker memcg aware, but it needs
page->mem_cgroup information in THP destructor, which is called after
mem_cgroup_uncharge() now.
So move mem_cgroup_uncharge() from __page_cache_release() to compound page
destructor, which is called by both THP and other compound pages except
HugeTLB. And call it in __put_single_page() for single order page.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1565144277-36240-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Suggested-by: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "Make deferred split shrinker memcg aware", v6.
Currently THP deferred split shrinker is not memcg aware, this may cause
premature OOM with some configuration. For example the below test would
run into premature OOM easily:
$ cgcreate -g memory:thp
$ echo 4G > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/thp/memory/limit_in_bytes
$ cgexec -g memory:thp transhuge-stress 4000
transhuge-stress comes from kernel selftest.
It is easy to hit OOM, but there are still a lot THP on the deferred split
queue, memcg direct reclaim can't touch them since the deferred split
shrinker is not memcg aware.
Convert deferred split shrinker memcg aware by introducing per memcg
deferred split queue. The THP should be on either per node or per memcg
deferred split queue if it belongs to a memcg. When the page is
immigrated to the other memcg, it will be immigrated to the target memcg's
deferred split queue too.
Reuse the second tail page's deferred_list for per memcg list since the
same THP can't be on multiple deferred split queues.
Make deferred split shrinker not depend on memcg kmem since it is not
slab. It doesn't make sense to not shrink THP even though memcg kmem is
disabled.
With the above change the test demonstrated above doesn't trigger OOM even
though with cgroup.memory=nokmem.
This patch (of 4):
Put split_queue, split_queue_lock and split_queue_len into a struct in
order to reduce code duplication when we convert deferred_split to memcg
aware in the later patches.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1565144277-36240-2-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
Suggested-by: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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In previous patch, an application could put part of its text section in
THP via madvise(). These THPs will be protected from writes when the
application is still running (TXTBSY). However, after the application
exits, the file is available for writes.
This patch avoids writes to file THP by dropping page cache for the file
when the file is open for write. A new counter nr_thps is added to struct
address_space. In do_dentry_open(), if the file is open for write and
nr_thps is non-zero, we drop page cache for the whole file.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190801184244.3169074-8-songliubraving@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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