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authorMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@osg.samsung.com>2016-05-02 07:48:23 -0300
committerMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@osg.samsung.com>2016-05-02 07:48:23 -0300
commit68af062b5f38510dc96635314461c6bbe1dbf2fe (patch)
tree38fbb70a745f1a94f217efa422a23ff4bf984909 /Documentation
parent1e166c77fdbc71bd237a3d1ac27abef6221e3a5e (diff)
parent04974df8049fc4240d22759a91e035082ccd18b4 (diff)
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Merge tag 'v4.6-rc6' into patchwork
Linux 4.6-rc6 * tag 'v4.6-rc6': (762 commits) Linux 4.6-rc6 EDAC: i7core, sb_edac: Don't return NOTIFY_BAD from mce_decoder callback Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt: update numa_zonelist_order description lib/stackdepot.c: allow the stack trace hash to be zero rapidio: fix potential NULL pointer dereference mm/memory-failure: fix race with compound page split/merge ocfs2/dlm: return zero if deref_done message is successfully handled Ananth has moved kcov: don't profile branches in kcov kcov: don't trace the code coverage code mm: wake kcompactd before kswapd's short sleep .mailmap: add Frank Rowand mm/hwpoison: fix wrong num_poisoned_pages accounting mm: call swap_slot_free_notify() with page lock held mm: vmscan: reclaim highmem zone if buffer_heads is over limit numa: fix /proc/<pid>/numa_maps for THP mm/huge_memory: replace VM_NO_THP VM_BUG_ON with actual VMA check mailmap: fix Krzysztof Kozlowski's misspelled name thp: keep huge zero page pinned until tlb flush mm: exclude HugeTLB pages from THP page_mapped() logic ...
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-i2c-demux-pinctrl29
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arc/archs-pct.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arc/pct.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt1
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-rk3x.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/mediatek-net.txt7
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rockchip-dp-phy.txt18
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rockchip-emmc-phy.txt22
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/img,pistachio-pinctrl.txt12
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/meson,pinctrl.txt38
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rtc/s3c-rtc.txt7
-rw-r--r--Documentation/input/event-codes.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt19
-rw-r--r--Documentation/usb/gadget_multi.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt27
-rw-r--r--Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt6
18 files changed, 114 insertions, 92 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-i2c-demux-pinctrl b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-i2c-demux-pinctrl
index 7ac7d7262bb7..3c3514815cd5 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-i2c-demux-pinctrl
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-i2c-demux-pinctrl
@@ -1,23 +1,18 @@
-What: /sys/devices/platform/<i2c-demux-name>/cur_master
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<i2c-demux-name>/available_masters
Date: January 2016
KernelVersion: 4.6
Contact: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>
Description:
+ Reading the file will give you a list of masters which can be
+ selected for a demultiplexed bus. The format is
+ "<index>:<name>". Example from a Renesas Lager board:
-This file selects the active I2C master for a demultiplexed bus.
+ 0:/i2c@e6500000 1:/i2c@e6508000
-Write 0 there for the first master, 1 for the second etc. Reading the file will
-give you a list with the active master marked. Example from a Renesas Lager
-board:
-
-root@Lager:~# cat /sys/devices/platform/i2c@8/cur_master
-* 0 - /i2c@9
- 1 - /i2c@e6520000
- 2 - /i2c@e6530000
-
-root@Lager:~# echo 2 > /sys/devices/platform/i2c@8/cur_master
-
-root@Lager:~# cat /sys/devices/platform/i2c@8/cur_master
- 0 - /i2c@9
- 1 - /i2c@e6520000
-* 2 - /i2c@e6530000
+What: /sys/devices/platform/<i2c-demux-name>/current_master
+Date: January 2016
+KernelVersion: 4.6
+Contact: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>
+Description:
+ This file selects/shows the active I2C master for a demultiplexed
+ bus. It uses the <index> value from the file 'available_masters'.
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arc/archs-pct.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arc/archs-pct.txt
index 1ae98b87c640..e4b9dcee6d41 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arc/archs-pct.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arc/archs-pct.txt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
The ARC HS can be configured with a pipeline performance monitor for counting
CPU and cache events like cache misses and hits. Like conventional PCT there
-are 100+ hardware conditions dynamically mapped to upto 32 counters.
+are 100+ hardware conditions dynamically mapped to up to 32 counters.
It also supports overflow interrupts.
Required properties:
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arc/pct.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arc/pct.txt
index 7b9588444f20..4e874d9a38a6 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arc/pct.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arc/pct.txt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
The ARC700 can be configured with a pipeline performance monitor for counting
CPU and cache events like cache misses and hits. Like conventional PCT there
-are 100+ hardware conditions dynamically mapped to upto 32 counters
+are 100+ hardware conditions dynamically mapped to up to 32 counters
Note that:
* The ARC 700 PCT does not support interrupts; although HW events may be
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
index ccc62f145306..3f0cbbb8395f 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.txt
@@ -192,7 +192,6 @@ nodes to be present and contain the properties described below.
can be one of:
"allwinner,sun6i-a31"
"allwinner,sun8i-a23"
- "arm,psci"
"arm,realview-smp"
"brcm,bcm-nsp-smp"
"brcm,brahma-b15"
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-rk3x.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-rk3x.txt
index f0d71bc52e64..0b4a85fe2d86 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-rk3x.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i2c/i2c-rk3x.txt
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ RK3xxx SoCs.
Required properties :
- reg : Offset and length of the register set for the device
- - compatible : should be "rockchip,rk3066-i2c", "rockchip,rk3188-i2c" or
- "rockchip,rk3288-i2c".
+ - compatible : should be "rockchip,rk3066-i2c", "rockchip,rk3188-i2c",
+ "rockchip,rk3228-i2c" or "rockchip,rk3288-i2c".
- interrupts : interrupt number
- clocks : parent clock
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/mediatek-net.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/mediatek-net.txt
index 5ca79290eabf..32eaaca04d9b 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/mediatek-net.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/mediatek-net.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ have dual GMAC each represented by a child node..
Required properties:
- compatible: Should be "mediatek,mt7623-eth"
- reg: Address and length of the register set for the device
-- interrupts: Should contain the frame engines interrupt
+- interrupts: Should contain the three frame engines interrupts in numeric
+ order. These are fe_int0, fe_int1 and fe_int2.
- clocks: the clock used by the core
- clock-names: the names of the clock listed in the clocks property. These are
"ethif", "esw", "gp2", "gp1"
@@ -42,7 +43,9 @@ eth: ethernet@1b100000 {
<&ethsys CLK_ETHSYS_GP2>,
<&ethsys CLK_ETHSYS_GP1>;
clock-names = "ethif", "esw", "gp2", "gp1";
- interrupts = <GIC_SPI 200 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW>;
+ interrupts = <GIC_SPI 200 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW
+ GIC_SPI 199 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW
+ GIC_SPI 198 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW>;
power-domains = <&scpsys MT2701_POWER_DOMAIN_ETH>;
resets = <&ethsys MT2701_ETHSYS_ETH_RST>;
reset-names = "eth";
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rockchip-dp-phy.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rockchip-dp-phy.txt
index 50c4f9b00adf..e3b4809fbe82 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rockchip-dp-phy.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rockchip-dp-phy.txt
@@ -8,15 +8,19 @@ Required properties:
of memory mapped region.
- clock-names: from common clock binding:
Required elements: "24m"
-- rockchip,grf: phandle to the syscon managing the "general register files"
- #phy-cells : from the generic PHY bindings, must be 0;
Example:
-edp_phy: edp-phy {
- compatible = "rockchip,rk3288-dp-phy";
- rockchip,grf = <&grf>;
- clocks = <&cru SCLK_EDP_24M>;
- clock-names = "24m";
- #phy-cells = <0>;
+grf: syscon@ff770000 {
+ compatible = "rockchip,rk3288-grf", "syscon", "simple-mfd";
+
+...
+
+ edp_phy: edp-phy {
+ compatible = "rockchip,rk3288-dp-phy";
+ clocks = <&cru SCLK_EDP_24M>;
+ clock-names = "24m";
+ #phy-cells = <0>;
+ };
};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rockchip-emmc-phy.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rockchip-emmc-phy.txt
index 61916f15a949..555cb0f40690 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rockchip-emmc-phy.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/phy/rockchip-emmc-phy.txt
@@ -3,17 +3,23 @@ Rockchip EMMC PHY
Required properties:
- compatible: rockchip,rk3399-emmc-phy
- - rockchip,grf : phandle to the syscon managing the "general
- register files"
- #phy-cells: must be 0
- - reg: PHY configure reg address offset in "general
+ - reg: PHY register address offset and length in "general
register files"
Example:
-emmcphy: phy {
- compatible = "rockchip,rk3399-emmc-phy";
- rockchip,grf = <&grf>;
- reg = <0xf780>;
- #phy-cells = <0>;
+
+grf: syscon@ff770000 {
+ compatible = "rockchip,rk3399-grf", "syscon", "simple-mfd";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+ #size-cells = <1>;
+
+...
+
+ emmcphy: phy@f780 {
+ compatible = "rockchip,rk3399-emmc-phy";
+ reg = <0xf780 0x20>;
+ #phy-cells = <0>;
+ };
};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/img,pistachio-pinctrl.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/img,pistachio-pinctrl.txt
index 08a4a32c8eb0..0326154c7925 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/img,pistachio-pinctrl.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/img,pistachio-pinctrl.txt
@@ -134,12 +134,12 @@ mfio80 ddr_debug, mips_trace_data, mips_debug
mfio81 dreq0, mips_trace_data, eth_debug
mfio82 dreq1, mips_trace_data, eth_debug
mfio83 mips_pll_lock, mips_trace_data, usb_debug
-mfio84 sys_pll_lock, mips_trace_data, usb_debug
-mfio85 wifi_pll_lock, mips_trace_data, sdhost_debug
-mfio86 bt_pll_lock, mips_trace_data, sdhost_debug
-mfio87 rpu_v_pll_lock, dreq2, socif_debug
-mfio88 rpu_l_pll_lock, dreq3, socif_debug
-mfio89 audio_pll_lock, dreq4, dreq5
+mfio84 audio_pll_lock, mips_trace_data, usb_debug
+mfio85 rpu_v_pll_lock, mips_trace_data, sdhost_debug
+mfio86 rpu_l_pll_lock, mips_trace_data, sdhost_debug
+mfio87 sys_pll_lock, dreq2, socif_debug
+mfio88 wifi_pll_lock, dreq3, socif_debug
+mfio89 bt_pll_lock, dreq4, dreq5
tck
trstn
tdi
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/meson,pinctrl.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/meson,pinctrl.txt
index 3f6a524cc5ff..32f4a2d6d0b3 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/meson,pinctrl.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/meson,pinctrl.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
== Amlogic Meson pinmux controller ==
Required properties for the root node:
- - compatible: "amlogic,meson8-pinctrl" or "amlogic,meson8b-pinctrl"
+ - compatible: one of "amlogic,meson8-cbus-pinctrl"
+ "amlogic,meson8b-cbus-pinctrl"
+ "amlogic,meson8-aobus-pinctrl"
+ "amlogic,meson8b-aobus-pinctrl"
- reg: address and size of registers controlling irq functionality
=== GPIO sub-nodes ===
-The 2 power domains of the controller (regular and always-on) are
-represented as sub-nodes and each of them acts as a GPIO controller.
+The GPIO bank for the controller is represented as a sub-node and it acts as a
+GPIO controller.
Required properties for sub-nodes are:
- reg: should contain address and size for mux, pull-enable, pull and
@@ -18,10 +21,6 @@ Required properties for sub-nodes are:
- gpio-controller: identifies the node as a gpio controller
- #gpio-cells: must be 2
-Valid sub-node names are:
- - "banks" for the regular domain
- - "ao-bank" for the always-on domain
-
=== Other sub-nodes ===
Child nodes without the "gpio-controller" represent some desired
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ pinctrl-bindings.txt
=== Example ===
pinctrl: pinctrl@c1109880 {
- compatible = "amlogic,meson8-pinctrl";
+ compatible = "amlogic,meson8-cbus-pinctrl";
reg = <0xc1109880 0x10>;
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
@@ -61,15 +60,6 @@ pinctrl-bindings.txt
#gpio-cells = <2>;
};
- gpio_ao: ao-bank@c1108030 {
- reg = <0xc8100014 0x4>,
- <0xc810002c 0x4>,
- <0xc8100024 0x8>;
- reg-names = "mux", "pull", "gpio";
- gpio-controller;
- #gpio-cells = <2>;
- };
-
nand {
mux {
groups = "nand_io", "nand_io_ce0", "nand_io_ce1",
@@ -79,18 +69,4 @@ pinctrl-bindings.txt
function = "nand";
};
};
-
- uart_ao_a {
- mux {
- groups = "uart_tx_ao_a", "uart_rx_ao_a",
- "uart_cts_ao_a", "uart_rts_ao_a";
- function = "uart_ao";
- };
-
- conf {
- pins = "GPIOAO_0", "GPIOAO_1",
- "GPIOAO_2", "GPIOAO_3";
- bias-disable;
- };
- };
};
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rtc/s3c-rtc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rtc/s3c-rtc.txt
index 1068ffce9f91..fdde63a5419c 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rtc/s3c-rtc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/rtc/s3c-rtc.txt
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ Required properties:
is the rtc tick interrupt. The number of cells representing a interrupt
depends on the parent interrupt controller.
- clocks: Must contain a list of phandle and clock specifier for the rtc
- and source clocks.
-- clock-names: Must contain "rtc" and "rtc_src" entries sorted in the
- same order as the clocks property.
+ clock and in the case of a s3c6410 compatible controller, also
+ a source clock.
+- clock-names: Must contain "rtc" and for a s3c6410 compatible controller,
+ a "rtc_src" sorted in the same order as the clocks property.
Example:
diff --git a/Documentation/input/event-codes.txt b/Documentation/input/event-codes.txt
index 3f0f5ce3338b..36ea940e5bb9 100644
--- a/Documentation/input/event-codes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/input/event-codes.txt
@@ -173,6 +173,10 @@ A few EV_ABS codes have special meanings:
proximity of the device and while the value of the BTN_TOUCH code is 0. If
the input device may be used freely in three dimensions, consider ABS_Z
instead.
+ - BTN_TOOL_<name> should be set to 1 when the tool comes into detectable
+ proximity and set to 0 when the tool leaves detectable proximity.
+ BTN_TOOL_<name> signals the type of tool that is currently detected by the
+ hardware and is otherwise independent of ABS_DISTANCE and/or BTN_TOUCH.
* ABS_MT_<name>:
- Used to describe multitouch input events. Please see
diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
index ecc74fa4bfde..0b3de80ec8f6 100644
--- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -4077,6 +4077,8 @@ bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
sector if the number is odd);
i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
device);
+ j = NO_REPORT_LUNS (don't use report luns
+ command, uas only);
l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
unlock ejectable media);
m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
diff --git a/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt b/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt
index 7328cf85236c..1fd1fbe9ce95 100644
--- a/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt
@@ -586,6 +586,10 @@ drivers to make their ->remove() callbacks avoid races with runtime PM directly,
but also it allows of more flexibility in the handling of devices during the
removal of their drivers.
+Drivers in ->remove() callback should undo the runtime PM changes done
+in ->probe(). Usually this means calling pm_runtime_disable(),
+pm_runtime_dont_use_autosuspend() etc.
+
The user space can effectively disallow the driver of the device to power manage
it at run time by changing the value of its /sys/devices/.../power/control
attribute to "on", which causes pm_runtime_forbid() to be called. In principle,
diff --git a/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt b/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
index cb0368459da3..34a5fece3121 100644
--- a/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt
@@ -581,15 +581,16 @@ Specify "[Nn]ode" for node order
"Zone Order" orders the zonelists by zone type, then by node within each
zone. Specify "[Zz]one" for zone order.
-Specify "[Dd]efault" to request automatic configuration. Autoconfiguration
-will select "node" order in following case.
-(1) if the DMA zone does not exist or
-(2) if the DMA zone comprises greater than 50% of the available memory or
-(3) if any node's DMA zone comprises greater than 70% of its local memory and
- the amount of local memory is big enough.
-
-Otherwise, "zone" order will be selected. Default order is recommended unless
-this is causing problems for your system/application.
+Specify "[Dd]efault" to request automatic configuration.
+
+On 32-bit, the Normal zone needs to be preserved for allocations accessible
+by the kernel, so "zone" order will be selected.
+
+On 64-bit, devices that require DMA32/DMA are relatively rare, so "node"
+order will be selected.
+
+Default order is recommended unless this is causing problems for your
+system/application.
==============================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/usb/gadget_multi.txt b/Documentation/usb/gadget_multi.txt
index 7d66a8636cb5..5faf514047e9 100644
--- a/Documentation/usb/gadget_multi.txt
+++ b/Documentation/usb/gadget_multi.txt
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ For the gadget two work under Windows two conditions have to be met:
First of all, Windows need to detect the gadget as an USB composite
gadget which on its own have some conditions[4]. If they are met,
Windows lets USB Generic Parent Driver[5] handle the device which then
-tries to much drivers for each individual interface (sort of, don't
+tries to match drivers for each individual interface (sort of, don't
get into too many details).
The good news is: you do not have to worry about most of the
diff --git a/Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt b/Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c281ded1ba16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Memory Protection Keys for Userspace (PKU aka PKEYs) is a CPU feature
+which will be found on future Intel CPUs.
+
+Memory Protection Keys provides a mechanism for enforcing page-based
+protections, but without requiring modification of the page tables
+when an application changes protection domains. It works by
+dedicating 4 previously ignored bits in each page table entry to a
+"protection key", giving 16 possible keys.
+
+There is also a new user-accessible register (PKRU) with two separate
+bits (Access Disable and Write Disable) for each key. Being a CPU
+register, PKRU is inherently thread-local, potentially giving each
+thread a different set of protections from every other thread.
+
+There are two new instructions (RDPKRU/WRPKRU) for reading and writing
+to the new register. The feature is only available in 64-bit mode,
+even though there is theoretically space in the PAE PTEs. These
+permissions are enforced on data access only and have no effect on
+instruction fetches.
+
+=========================== Config Option ===========================
+
+This config option adds approximately 1.5kb of text. and 50 bytes of
+data to the executable. A workload which does large O_DIRECT reads
+of holes in XFS files was run to exercise get_user_pages_fast(). No
+performance delta was observed with the config option
+enabled or disabled.
diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt
index c518dce7da4d..5aa738346062 100644
--- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ ffffff0000000000 - ffffff7fffffffff (=39 bits) %esp fixup stacks
ffffffef00000000 - ffffffff00000000 (=64 GB) EFI region mapping space
... unused hole ...
ffffffff80000000 - ffffffffa0000000 (=512 MB) kernel text mapping, from phys 0
-ffffffffa0000000 - ffffffffff5fffff (=1525 MB) module mapping space
+ffffffffa0000000 - ffffffffff5fffff (=1526 MB) module mapping space
ffffffffff600000 - ffffffffffdfffff (=8 MB) vsyscalls
ffffffffffe00000 - ffffffffffffffff (=2 MB) unused hole
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ vmalloc space is lazily synchronized into the different PML4 pages of
the processes using the page fault handler, with init_level4_pgt as
reference.
-Current X86-64 implementations only support 40 bits of address space,
-but we support up to 46 bits. This expands into MBZ space in the page tables.
+Current X86-64 implementations support up to 46 bits of address space (64 TB),
+which is our current limit. This expands into MBZ space in the page tables.
We map EFI runtime services in the 'efi_pgd' PGD in a 64Gb large virtual
memory window (this size is arbitrary, it can be raised later if needed).