zswap: shrink zswap pool based on memory pressure

Currently, we only shrink the zswap pool when the user-defined limit is
hit.  This means that if we set the limit too high, cold data that are
unlikely to be used again will reside in the pool, wasting precious
memory.  It is hard to predict how much zswap space will be needed ahead
of time, as this depends on the workload (specifically, on factors such as
memory access patterns and compressibility of the memory pages).

This patch implements a memcg- and NUMA-aware shrinker for zswap, that is
initiated when there is memory pressure.  The shrinker does not have any
parameter that must be tuned by the user, and can be opted in or out on a
per-memcg basis.

Furthermore, to make it more robust for many workloads and prevent
overshrinking (i.e evicting warm pages that might be refaulted into
memory), we build in the following heuristics:

* Estimate the number of warm pages residing in zswap, and attempt to
  protect this region of the zswap LRU.
* Scale the number of freeable objects by an estimate of the memory
  saving factor. The better zswap compresses the data, the fewer pages
  we will evict to swap (as we will otherwise incur IO for relatively
  small memory saving).
* During reclaim, if the shrinker encounters a page that is also being
  brought into memory, the shrinker will cautiously terminate its
  shrinking action, as this is a sign that it is touching the warmer
  region of the zswap LRU.

As a proof of concept, we ran the following synthetic benchmark: build the
linux kernel in a memory-limited cgroup, and allocate some cold data in
tmpfs to see if the shrinker could write them out and improved the overall
performance.  Depending on the amount of cold data generated, we observe
from 14% to 35% reduction in kernel CPU time used in the kernel builds.

[nphamcs@gmail.com: check shrinker enablement early, use less costly stat flushing]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231206194456.3234203-1-nphamcs@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231130194023.4102148-7-nphamcs@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Tested-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Domenico Cerasuolo <cerasuolodomenico@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

1 files changed, 23 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/zswap.h b/include/linux/zswap.h
index e571e393669b..08c240e16a01 100644
--- a/include/linux/zswap.h
+++ b/include/linux/zswap.h
@@ -5,20 +5,40 @@
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/mm_types.h>
 
+struct lruvec;
+
 extern u64 zswap_pool_total_size;
 extern atomic_t zswap_stored_pages;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ZSWAP
 
+struct zswap_lruvec_state {
+	/*
+	 * Number of pages in zswap that should be protected from the shrinker.
+	 * This number is an estimate of the following counts:
+	 *
+	 * a) Recent page faults.
+	 * b) Recent insertion to the zswap LRU. This includes new zswap stores,
+	 *    as well as recent zswap LRU rotations.
+	 *
+	 * These pages are likely to be warm, and might incur IO if the are written
+	 * to swap.
+	 */
+	atomic_long_t nr_zswap_protected;
+};
+
 bool zswap_store(struct folio *folio);
 bool zswap_load(struct folio *folio);
 void zswap_invalidate(int type, pgoff_t offset);
 void zswap_swapon(int type);
 void zswap_swapoff(int type);
 void zswap_memcg_offline_cleanup(struct mem_cgroup *memcg);
-
+void zswap_lruvec_state_init(struct lruvec *lruvec);
+void zswap_page_swapin(struct page *page);
 #else
 
+struct zswap_lruvec_state {};
+
 static inline bool zswap_store(struct folio *folio)
 {
 	return false;
@@ -33,7 +53,8 @@ static inline void zswap_invalidate(int type, pgoff_t offset) {}
 static inline void zswap_swapon(int type) {}
 static inline void zswap_swapoff(int type) {}
 static inline void zswap_memcg_offline_cleanup(struct mem_cgroup *memcg) {}
-
+static inline void zswap_lruvec_state_init(struct lruvec *lruvec) {}
+static inline void zswap_page_swapin(struct page *page) {}
 #endif
 
 #endif /* _LINUX_ZSWAP_H */