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* ubsan: Avoid i386 UBSAN handler crashes with ClangKees Cook2024-04-241-14/+27
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When generating Runtime Calls, Clang doesn't respect the -mregparm=3 option used on i386. Hopefully this will be fixed correctly in Clang 19: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/89707 but we need to fix this for earlier Clang versions today. Force the calling convention to use non-register arguments. Reported-by: Erhard Furtner <erhard_f@mailbox.org> Closes: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/350 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240424224026.it.216-kees@kernel.org Acked-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
* ubsan: Remove 1-element array usage in debug reportingKees Cook2024-04-241-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | The "type_name" character array was still marked as a 1-element array. While we don't validate strings used in format arguments yet, let's fix this before it causes trouble some future day. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240424162739.work.492-kees@kernel.org Reviewed-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
* ubsan: Reintroduce signed overflow sanitizerKees Cook2024-02-201-0/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In order to mitigate unexpected signed wrap-around[1], bring back the signed integer overflow sanitizer. It was removed in commit 6aaa31aeb9cf ("ubsan: remove overflow checks") because it was effectively a no-op when combined with -fno-strict-overflow (which correctly changes signed overflow from being "undefined" to being explicitly "wrap around"). Compilers are adjusting their sanitizers to trap wrap-around and to detecting common code patterns that should not be instrumented (e.g. "var + offset < var"). Prepare for this and explicitly rename the option from "OVERFLOW" to "WRAP" to more accurately describe the behavior. To annotate intentional wrap-around arithmetic, the helpers wrapping_add/sub/mul_wrap() can be used for individual statements. At the function level, the __signed_wrap attribute can be used to mark an entire function as expecting its signed arithmetic to wrap around. For a single object file the Makefile can use "UBSAN_SIGNED_WRAP_target.o := n" to mark it as wrapping, and for an entire directory, "UBSAN_SIGNED_WRAP := n" can be used. Additionally keep these disabled under CONFIG_COMPILE_TEST for now. Link: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/26 [1] Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com> Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Reviewed-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
* ubsan: add prototypes for internal functionsArnd Bergmann2023-05-301-0/+11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Most of the functions in ubsan that are only called from generated code don't have a prototype, which W=1 builds warn about: lib/ubsan.c:226:6: error: no previous prototype for '__ubsan_handle_divrem_overflow' [-Werror=missing-prototypes] lib/ubsan.c:307:6: error: no previous prototype for '__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch' [-Werror=missing-prototypes] lib/ubsan.c:321:6: error: no previous prototype for '__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1' [-Werror=missing-prototypes] lib/ubsan.c:335:6: error: no previous prototype for '__ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds' [-Werror=missing-prototypes] lib/ubsan.c:352:6: error: no previous prototype for '__ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds' [-Werror=missing-prototypes] lib/ubsan.c:394:6: error: no previous prototype for '__ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable' [-Werror=missing-prototypes] lib/ubsan.c:404:6: error: no previous prototype for '__ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value' [-Werror=missing-prototypes] Add prototypes for all of these to lib/ubsan.h, and remove the one that was already present in ubsan.c. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230517125102.930491-1-arnd@kernel.org
* arm64: Support Clang UBSAN trap codes for better reportingKees Cook2023-02-081-0/+32
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When building with CONFIG_UBSAN_TRAP=y on arm64, Clang encodes the UBSAN check (handler) type in the esr. Extract this and actually report these traps as coming from the specific UBSAN check that tripped. Before: Internal error: BRK handler: 00000000f20003e8 [#1] PREEMPT SMP After: Internal error: UBSAN: shift out of bounds: 00000000f2005514 [#1] PREEMPT SMP Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mukesh Ojha <quic_mojha@quicinc.com> Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: John Stultz <jstultz@google.com> Cc: Yongqin Liu <yongqin.liu@linaro.org> Cc: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com> Cc: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
* ubsan: implement __ubsan_handle_alignment_assumptionNathan Chancellor2021-02-051-0/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When building ARCH=mips 32r2el_defconfig with CONFIG_UBSAN_ALIGNMENT: ld.lld: error: undefined symbol: __ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption referenced by slab.h:557 (include/linux/slab.h:557) main.o:(do_initcalls) in archive init/built-in.a referenced by slab.h:448 (include/linux/slab.h:448) do_mounts_rd.o:(rd_load_image) in archive init/built-in.a referenced by slab.h:448 (include/linux/slab.h:448) do_mounts_rd.o:(identify_ramdisk_image) in archive init/built-in.a referenced 1579 more times Implement this for the kernel based on LLVM's handleAlignmentAssumptionImpl because the kernel is not linked against the compiler runtime. Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1245 Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/llvmorg-11.0.1/compiler-rt/lib/ubsan/ubsan_handlers.cpp#L151-L190 Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210127224451.2587372-1-nathan@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* int128: move __uint128_t compiler test to KconfigArd Biesheuvel2019-11-171-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In order to use 128-bit integer arithmetic in C code, the architecture needs to have declared support for it by setting ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128, and it requires a version of the toolchain that supports this at build time. This is why all existing tests for ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128 also test whether __SIZEOF_INT128__ is defined, since this is only the case for compilers that can support 128-bit integers. Let's fold this additional test into the Kconfig declaration of ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128 so that we can also use the symbol in Makefiles, e.g., to decide whether a certain object needs to be included in the first place. Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
* ubsan: Remove vla bound checks.Andrey Ryabinin2019-05-061-5/+0
| | | | | | | | | The kernel the kernel is built with -Wvla for some time, so is not supposed to have any variable length arrays. Remove vla bounds checking from ubsan since it's useless now. Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/ubsan: remove returns-nonnull-attribute checksAndrey Ryabinin2018-02-061-5/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Similarly to type mismatch checks, new GCC 8.x and Clang also changed for ABI for returns_nonnull checks. While we can update our code to conform the new ABI it's more reasonable to just remove it. Because it's just dead code, we don't have any single user of returns_nonnull attribute in the whole kernel. And AFAIU the advantage that this attribute could bring would be mitigated by -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks cflag that we use to build the kernel. So it's unlikely we will have a lot of returns_nonnull attribute in future. So let's just remove the code, it has no use. [aryabinin@virtuozzo.com: fix warning] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180122165711.11510-1-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180119152853.16806-2-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Sodagudi Prasad <psodagud@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lib/ubsan: add type mismatch handler for new GCC/ClangAndrey Ryabinin2018-02-061-0/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UBSAN=y fails to build with new GCC/clang: arch/x86/kernel/head64.o: In function `sanitize_boot_params': arch/x86/include/asm/bootparam_utils.h:37: undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1' because Clang and GCC 8 slightly changed ABI for 'type mismatch' errors. Compiler now uses new __ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1() function with slightly modified 'struct type_mismatch_data'. Let's add new 'struct type_mismatch_data_common' which is independent from compiler's layout of 'struct type_mismatch_data'. And make __ubsan_handle_type_mismatch[_v1]() functions transform compiler-dependent type mismatch data to our internal representation. This way, we can support both old and new compilers with minimal amount of change. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180119152853.16806-1-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Reported-by: Sodagudi Prasad <psodagud@codeaurora.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.5+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman2017-11-021-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
* UBSAN: run-time undefined behavior sanity checkerAndrey Ryabinin2016-01-201-0/+84
UBSAN uses compile-time instrumentation to catch undefined behavior (UB). Compiler inserts code that perform certain kinds of checks before operations that could cause UB. If check fails (i.e. UB detected) __ubsan_handle_* function called to print error message. So the most of the work is done by compiler. This patch just implements ubsan handlers printing errors. GCC has this capability since 4.9.x [1] (see -fsanitize=undefined option and its suboptions). However GCC 5.x has more checkers implemented [2]. Article [3] has a bit more details about UBSAN in the GCC. [1] - https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.9.0/gcc/Debugging-Options.html [2] - https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Debugging-Options.html [3] - http://developerblog.redhat.com/2014/10/16/gcc-undefined-behavior-sanitizer-ubsan/ Issues which UBSAN has found thus far are: Found bugs: * out-of-bounds access - 97840cb67ff5 ("netfilter: nfnetlink: fix insufficient validation in nfnetlink_bind") undefined shifts: * d48458d4a768 ("jbd2: use a better hash function for the revoke table") * 10632008b9e1 ("clockevents: Prevent shift out of bounds") * 'x << -1' shift in ext4 - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<5444EF21.8020501@samsung.com> * undefined rol32(0) - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449198241-20654-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com> * undefined dirty_ratelimit calculation - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<566594E2.3050306@odin.com> * undefined roundown_pow_of_two(0) - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449156616-11474-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com> * [WONTFIX] undefined shift in __bpf_prog_run - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+ZxoR3UjLgcNdUm4fECLMx2VdtfrENMtRRCdgHB2n0bJA@mail.gmail.com> WONTFIX here because it should be fixed in bpf program, not in kernel. signed overflows: * 32a8df4e0b33f ("sched: Fix odd values in effective_load() calculations") * mul overflow in ntp - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449175608-1146-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com> * incorrect conversion into rtc_time in rtc_time64_to_tm() - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449187944-11730-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com> * unvalidated timespec in io_getevents() - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+bBxVYLQ6LtOKrKtnLthqLHcw-BMp3aqP3mjdAvr9FULQ@mail.gmail.com> * [NOTABUG] signed overflow in ktime_add_safe() - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+aJ4muRnWxsUe1CMnA6P8nooO33kwG-c8YZg=0Xc8rJqw@mail.gmail.com> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix unused local warning] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix __int128 build woes] Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Yury Gribov <y.gribov@samsung.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>