diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'kernel/irq/timings.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | kernel/irq/timings.c | 369 |
1 files changed, 369 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/kernel/irq/timings.c b/kernel/irq/timings.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c8c1d073fbf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/kernel/irq/timings.c @@ -0,0 +1,369 @@ +/* + * linux/kernel/irq/timings.c + * + * Copyright (C) 2016, Linaro Ltd - Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> + * + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as + * published by the Free Software Foundation. + * + */ +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/percpu.h> +#include <linux/slab.h> +#include <linux/static_key.h> +#include <linux/interrupt.h> +#include <linux/idr.h> +#include <linux/irq.h> +#include <linux/math64.h> + +#include <trace/events/irq.h> + +#include "internals.h" + +DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(irq_timing_enabled); + +DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct irq_timings, irq_timings); + +struct irqt_stat { + u64 next_evt; + u64 last_ts; + u64 variance; + u32 avg; + u32 nr_samples; + int anomalies; + int valid; +}; + +static DEFINE_IDR(irqt_stats); + +void irq_timings_enable(void) +{ + static_branch_enable(&irq_timing_enabled); +} + +void irq_timings_disable(void) +{ + static_branch_disable(&irq_timing_enabled); +} + +/** + * irqs_update - update the irq timing statistics with a new timestamp + * + * @irqs: an irqt_stat struct pointer + * @ts: the new timestamp + * + * The statistics are computed online, in other words, the code is + * designed to compute the statistics on a stream of values rather + * than doing multiple passes on the values to compute the average, + * then the variance. The integer division introduces a loss of + * precision but with an acceptable error margin regarding the results + * we would have with the double floating precision: we are dealing + * with nanosec, so big numbers, consequently the mantisse is + * negligeable, especially when converting the time in usec + * afterwards. + * + * The computation happens at idle time. When the CPU is not idle, the + * interrupts' timestamps are stored in the circular buffer, when the + * CPU goes idle and this routine is called, all the buffer's values + * are injected in the statistical model continuying to extend the + * statistics from the previous busy-idle cycle. + * + * The observations showed a device will trigger a burst of periodic + * interrupts followed by one or two peaks of longer time, for + * instance when a SD card device flushes its cache, then the periodic + * intervals occur again. A one second inactivity period resets the + * stats, that gives us the certitude the statistical values won't + * exceed 1x10^9, thus the computation won't overflow. + * + * Basically, the purpose of the algorithm is to watch the periodic + * interrupts and eliminate the peaks. + * + * An interrupt is considered periodically stable if the interval of + * its occurences follow the normal distribution, thus the values + * comply with: + * + * avg - 3 x stddev < value < avg + 3 x stddev + * + * Which can be simplified to: + * + * -3 x stddev < value - avg < 3 x stddev + * + * abs(value - avg) < 3 x stddev + * + * In order to save a costly square root computation, we use the + * variance. For the record, stddev = sqrt(variance). The equation + * above becomes: + * + * abs(value - avg) < 3 x sqrt(variance) + * + * And finally we square it: + * + * (value - avg) ^ 2 < (3 x sqrt(variance)) ^ 2 + * + * (value - avg) x (value - avg) < 9 x variance + * + * Statistically speaking, any values out of this interval is + * considered as an anomaly and is discarded. However, a normal + * distribution appears when the number of samples is 30 (it is the + * rule of thumb in statistics, cf. "30 samples" on Internet). When + * there are three consecutive anomalies, the statistics are resetted. + * + */ +static void irqs_update(struct irqt_stat *irqs, u64 ts) +{ + u64 old_ts = irqs->last_ts; + u64 variance = 0; + u64 interval; + s64 diff; + + /* + * The timestamps are absolute time values, we need to compute + * the timing interval between two interrupts. + */ + irqs->last_ts = ts; + + /* + * The interval type is u64 in order to deal with the same + * type in our computation, that prevent mindfuck issues with + * overflow, sign and division. + */ + interval = ts - old_ts; + + /* + * The interrupt triggered more than one second apart, that + * ends the sequence as predictible for our purpose. In this + * case, assume we have the beginning of a sequence and the + * timestamp is the first value. As it is impossible to + * predict anything at this point, return. + * + * Note the first timestamp of the sequence will always fall + * in this test because the old_ts is zero. That is what we + * want as we need another timestamp to compute an interval. + */ + if (interval >= NSEC_PER_SEC) { + memset(irqs, 0, sizeof(*irqs)); + irqs->last_ts = ts; + return; + } + + /* + * Pre-compute the delta with the average as the result is + * used several times in this function. + */ + diff = interval - irqs->avg; + + /* + * Increment the number of samples. + */ + irqs->nr_samples++; + + /* + * Online variance divided by the number of elements if there + * is more than one sample. Normally the formula is division + * by nr_samples - 1 but we assume the number of element will be + * more than 32 and dividing by 32 instead of 31 is enough + * precise. + */ + if (likely(irqs->nr_samples > 1)) + variance = irqs->variance >> IRQ_TIMINGS_SHIFT; + + /* + * The rule of thumb in statistics for the normal distribution + * is having at least 30 samples in order to have the model to + * apply. Values outside the interval are considered as an + * anomaly. + */ + if ((irqs->nr_samples >= 30) && ((diff * diff) > (9 * variance))) { + /* + * After three consecutive anomalies, we reset the + * stats as it is no longer stable enough. + */ + if (irqs->anomalies++ >= 3) { + memset(irqs, 0, sizeof(*irqs)); + irqs->last_ts = ts; + return; + } + } else { + /* + * The anomalies must be consecutives, so at this + * point, we reset the anomalies counter. + */ + irqs->anomalies = 0; + } + + /* + * The interrupt is considered stable enough to try to predict + * the next event on it. + */ + irqs->valid = 1; + + /* + * Online average algorithm: + * + * new_average = average + ((value - average) / count) + * + * The variance computation depends on the new average + * to be computed here first. + * + */ + irqs->avg = irqs->avg + (diff >> IRQ_TIMINGS_SHIFT); + + /* + * Online variance algorithm: + * + * new_variance = variance + (value - average) x (value - new_average) + * + * Warning: irqs->avg is updated with the line above, hence + * 'interval - irqs->avg' is no longer equal to 'diff' + */ + irqs->variance = irqs->variance + (diff * (interval - irqs->avg)); + + /* + * Update the next event + */ + irqs->next_evt = ts + irqs->avg; +} + +/** + * irq_timings_next_event - Return when the next event is supposed to arrive + * + * During the last busy cycle, the number of interrupts is incremented + * and stored in the irq_timings structure. This information is + * necessary to: + * + * - know if the index in the table wrapped up: + * + * If more than the array size interrupts happened during the + * last busy/idle cycle, the index wrapped up and we have to + * begin with the next element in the array which is the last one + * in the sequence, otherwise it is a the index 0. + * + * - have an indication of the interrupts activity on this CPU + * (eg. irq/sec) + * + * The values are 'consumed' after inserting in the statistical model, + * thus the count is reinitialized. + * + * The array of values **must** be browsed in the time direction, the + * timestamp must increase between an element and the next one. + * + * Returns a nanosec time based estimation of the earliest interrupt, + * U64_MAX otherwise. + */ +u64 irq_timings_next_event(u64 now) +{ + struct irq_timings *irqts = this_cpu_ptr(&irq_timings); + struct irqt_stat *irqs; + struct irqt_stat __percpu *s; + u64 ts, next_evt = U64_MAX; + int i, irq = 0; + + /* + * This function must be called with the local irq disabled in + * order to prevent the timings circular buffer to be updated + * while we are reading it. + */ + WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled()); + + /* + * Number of elements in the circular buffer: If it happens it + * was flushed before, then the number of elements could be + * smaller than IRQ_TIMINGS_SIZE, so the count is used, + * otherwise the array size is used as we wrapped. The index + * begins from zero when we did not wrap. That could be done + * in a nicer way with the proper circular array structure + * type but with the cost of extra computation in the + * interrupt handler hot path. We choose efficiency. + * + * Inject measured irq/timestamp to the statistical model + * while decrementing the counter because we consume the data + * from our circular buffer. + */ + for (i = irqts->count & IRQ_TIMINGS_MASK, + irqts->count = min(IRQ_TIMINGS_SIZE, irqts->count); + irqts->count > 0; irqts->count--, i = (i + 1) & IRQ_TIMINGS_MASK) { + + irq = irq_timing_decode(irqts->values[i], &ts); + + s = idr_find(&irqt_stats, irq); + if (s) { + irqs = this_cpu_ptr(s); + irqs_update(irqs, ts); + } + } + + /* + * Look in the list of interrupts' statistics, the earliest + * next event. + */ + idr_for_each_entry(&irqt_stats, s, i) { + + irqs = this_cpu_ptr(s); + + if (!irqs->valid) + continue; + + if (irqs->next_evt <= now) { + irq = i; + next_evt = now; + + /* + * This interrupt mustn't use in the future + * until new events occur and update the + * statistics. + */ + irqs->valid = 0; + break; + } + + if (irqs->next_evt < next_evt) { + irq = i; + next_evt = irqs->next_evt; + } + } + + return next_evt; +} + +void irq_timings_free(int irq) +{ + struct irqt_stat __percpu *s; + + s = idr_find(&irqt_stats, irq); + if (s) { + free_percpu(s); + idr_remove(&irqt_stats, irq); + } +} + +int irq_timings_alloc(int irq) +{ + struct irqt_stat __percpu *s; + int id; + + /* + * Some platforms can have the same private interrupt per cpu, + * so this function may be be called several times with the + * same interrupt number. Just bail out in case the per cpu + * stat structure is already allocated. + */ + s = idr_find(&irqt_stats, irq); + if (s) + return 0; + + s = alloc_percpu(*s); + if (!s) + return -ENOMEM; + + idr_preload(GFP_KERNEL); + id = idr_alloc(&irqt_stats, s, irq, irq + 1, GFP_NOWAIT); + idr_preload_end(); + + if (id < 0) { + free_percpu(s); + return id; + } + + return 0; +} |