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In [1] the meaning of the synthetic IBPB flags has been redefined for a
better separation of concerns:
- ENTRY_IBPB -- issue IBPB on entry only
- IBPB_ON_VMEXIT -- issue IBPB on VM-Exit only
and the Retbleed mitigations have been updated to match this new
semantics.
Commit [2] was merged shortly before [1], and their interaction was not
handled properly. This resulted in IBPB not being triggered on VM-Exit
in all SRSO mitigation configs requesting an IBPB there.
Specifically, an IBPB on VM-Exit is triggered only when
X86_FEATURE_IBPB_ON_VMEXIT is set. However:
- X86_FEATURE_IBPB_ON_VMEXIT is not set for "spec_rstack_overflow=ibpb",
because before [1] having X86_FEATURE_ENTRY_IBPB was enough. Hence,
an IBPB is triggered on entry but the expected IBPB on VM-exit is
not.
- X86_FEATURE_IBPB_ON_VMEXIT is not set also when
"spec_rstack_overflow=ibpb-vmexit" if X86_FEATURE_ENTRY_IBPB is
already set.
That's because before [1] this was effectively redundant. Hence, e.g.
a "retbleed=ibpb spec_rstack_overflow=bpb-vmexit" config mistakenly
reports the machine still vulnerable to SRSO, despite an IBPB being
triggered both on entry and VM-Exit, because of the Retbleed selected
mitigation config.
- UNTRAIN_RET_VM won't still actually do anything unless
CONFIG_MITIGATION_IBPB_ENTRY is set.
For "spec_rstack_overflow=ibpb", enable IBPB on both entry and VM-Exit
and clear X86_FEATURE_RSB_VMEXIT which is made superfluous by
X86_FEATURE_IBPB_ON_VMEXIT. This effectively makes this mitigation
option similar to the one for 'retbleed=ibpb', thus re-order the code
for the RETBLEED_MITIGATION_IBPB option to be less confusing by having
all features enabling before the disabling of the not needed ones.
For "spec_rstack_overflow=ibpb-vmexit", guard this mitigation setting
with CONFIG_MITIGATION_IBPB_ENTRY to ensure UNTRAIN_RET_VM sequence is
effectively compiled in. Drop instead the CONFIG_MITIGATION_SRSO guard,
since none of the SRSO compile cruft is required in this configuration.
Also, check only that the required microcode is present to effectively
enabled the IBPB on VM-Exit.
Finally, update the KConfig description for CONFIG_MITIGATION_IBPB_ENTRY
to list also all SRSO config settings enabled by this guard.
Fixes: 864bcaa38ee4 ("x86/cpu/kvm: Provide UNTRAIN_RET_VM") [1]
Fixes: d893832d0e1e ("x86/srso: Add IBPB on VMEXIT") [2]
Reported-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Patrick Bellasi <derkling@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 mm updates from Ingo Molnar:
- The biggest changes are the TLB flushing scalability optimizations,
to update the mm_cpumask lazily and related changes.
This feature has both a track record and a continued risk of
performance regressions, so it was already delayed by a cycle - but
it's all 100% perfect now™ (Rik van Riel)
- Also miscellaneous fixes and cleanups. (Gautam Somani, Kirill
Shutemov, Sebastian Andrzej Siewior)
* tag 'x86-mm-2025-01-31' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/mm: Remove unnecessary include of <linux/extable.h>
x86/mtrr: Rename mtrr_overwrite_state() to guest_force_mtrr_state()
x86/mm/selftests: Fix typo in lam.c
x86/mm/tlb: Only trim the mm_cpumask once a second
x86/mm/tlb: Also remove local CPU from mm_cpumask if stale
x86/mm/tlb: Add tracepoint for TLB flush IPI to stale CPU
x86/mm/tlb: Update mm_cpumask lazily
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Rename the helper to better reflect its function.
Suggested-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241202073139.448208-1-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
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On busy multi-threaded workloads, there can be significant contention
on the mm_cpumask at context switch time.
Reduce that contention by updating mm_cpumask lazily, setting the CPU bit
at context switch time (if not already set), and clearing the CPU bit at
the first TLB flush sent to a CPU where the process isn't running.
When a flurry of TLB flushes for a process happen, only the first one
will be sent to CPUs where the process isn't running. The others will
be sent to CPUs where the process is currently running.
On an AMD Milan system with 36 cores, there is a noticeable difference:
$ hackbench --groups 20 --loops 10000
Before: ~4.5s +/- 0.1s
After: ~4.2s +/- 0.1s
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241114152723.1294686-2-riel@surriel.com
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/abelloni/linux
Pull RTC updates from Alexandre Belloni:
"Not much this cycle, there are multiple small fixes.
Core:
- use boolean values with device_init_wakeup()
Drivers:
- pcf2127: add BSM support
- pcf85063: fix possible out of bounds write"
* tag 'rtc-6.14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/abelloni/linux:
rtc: pcf2127: add BSM support
rtc: Remove hpet_rtc_dropped_irq()
dt-bindings: rtc: mxc: Document fsl,imx31-rtc
rtc: stm32: Use syscon_regmap_lookup_by_phandle_args
rtc: zynqmp: Fix optional clock name property
rtc: loongson: clear TOY_MATCH0_REG in loongson_rtc_isr()
rtc: pcf85063: fix potential OOB write in PCF85063 NVMEM read
rtc: tps6594: Fix integer overflow on 32bit systems
rtc: use boolean values with device_init_wakeup()
rtc: RTC_DRV_SPEAR should not default to y when compile-testing
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hpet_rtc_dropped_irq() has been unused since
commit f52ef24be21a ("rtc/alpha: remove legacy rtc driver")
Remove it in rtc, and x86 hpet code.
Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <linux@treblig.org>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241215022356.181625-1-linux@treblig.org
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Belloni <alexandre.belloni@bootlin.com>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull ACPI fixes from Rafael Wysocki:
"Add a new ACPI-related quirk for Vexia EDU ATLA 10 tablet 5V (Hans de
Goede) and fix the MADT parsing code so that CPUs with different entry
types (LAPIC and x2APIC) are initialized in the order in which they
appear in the MADT as required by the ACPI specification (Zhang Rui)"
* tag 'acpi-6.14-rc1-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
x86/acpi: Fix LAPIC/x2APIC parsing order
ACPI: x86: Add skip i2c clients quirk for Vexia EDU ATLA 10 tablet 5V
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On some systems, the same CPU (with the same APIC ID) is assigned a
different logical CPU id after commit ec9aedb2aa1a ("x86/acpi: Ignore
invalid x2APIC entries").
This means that Linux enumerates the CPUs in a different order, which
violates ACPI specification[1] that states:
"OSPM should initialize processors in the order that they appear in
the MADT"
The problematic commit parses all LAPIC entries before any x2APIC
entries, aiming to ignore x2APIC entries with APIC ID < 255 when valid
LAPIC entries exist. However, it disrupts the CPU enumeration order on
systems where x2APIC entries precede LAPIC entries in the MADT.
Fix this problem by:
1) Parsing LAPIC entries first without registering them in the
topology to evaluate whether valid LAPIC entries exist.
2) Restoring the MADT in order parser which invokes either the LAPIC
or the X2APIC parser function depending on the entry type.
The X2APIC parser still ignores entries < 0xff in case that #1 found
valid LAPIC entries independent of their position in the MADT table.
Link: https://uefi.org/specs/ACPI/6.5/05_ACPI_Software_Programming_Model.html#madt-processor-local-apic-sapic-structure-entry-order
Cc: All applicable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reported-by: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241010213136.668672-1-jmattson@google.com/
Fixes: ec9aedb2aa1a ("x86/acpi: Ignore invalid x2APIC entries")
Signed-off-by: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
Tested-by: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250117081420.4046737-1-rui.zhang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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Add the const qualifier to all the ctl_tables in the tree except for
watchdog_hardlockup_sysctl, memory_allocation_profiling_sysctls,
loadpin_sysctl_table and the ones calling register_net_sysctl (./net,
drivers/inifiniband dirs). These are special cases as they use a
registration function with a non-const qualified ctl_table argument or
modify the arrays before passing them on to the registration function.
Constifying ctl_table structs will prevent the modification of
proc_handler function pointers as the arrays would reside in .rodata.
This is made possible after commit 78eb4ea25cd5 ("sysctl: treewide:
constify the ctl_table argument of proc_handlers") constified all the
proc_handlers.
Created this by running an spatch followed by a sed command:
Spatch:
virtual patch
@
depends on !(file in "net")
disable optional_qualifier
@
identifier table_name != {
watchdog_hardlockup_sysctl,
iwcm_ctl_table,
ucma_ctl_table,
memory_allocation_profiling_sysctls,
loadpin_sysctl_table
};
@@
+ const
struct ctl_table table_name [] = { ... };
sed:
sed --in-place \
-e "s/struct ctl_table .table = &uts_kern/const struct ctl_table *table = \&uts_kern/" \
kernel/utsname_sysctl.c
Reviewed-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> # for kernel/trace/
Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> # SCSI
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> # xfs
Acked-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Acked-by: Corey Minyard <cminyard@mvista.com>
Acked-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Bill O'Donnell <bodonnel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Ashutosh Dixit <ashutosh.dixit@intel.com>
Acked-by: Anna Schumaker <anna.schumaker@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Joel Granados <joel.granados@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
"The various patchsets are summarized below. Plus of course many
indivudual patches which are described in their changelogs.
- "Allocate and free frozen pages" from Matthew Wilcox reorganizes
the page allocator so we end up with the ability to allocate and
free zero-refcount pages. So that callers (ie, slab) can avoid a
refcount inc & dec
- "Support large folios for tmpfs" from Baolin Wang teaches tmpfs to
use large folios other than PMD-sized ones
- "Fix mm/rodata_test" from Petr Tesarik performs some maintenance
and fixes for this small built-in kernel selftest
- "mas_anode_descend() related cleanup" from Wei Yang tidies up part
of the mapletree code
- "mm: fix format issues and param types" from Keren Sun implements a
few minor code cleanups
- "simplify split calculation" from Wei Yang provides a few fixes and
a test for the mapletree code
- "mm/vma: make more mmap logic userland testable" from Lorenzo
Stoakes continues the work of moving vma-related code into the
(relatively) new mm/vma.c
- "mm/page_alloc: gfp flags cleanups for alloc_contig_*()" from David
Hildenbrand cleans up and rationalizes handling of gfp flags in the
page allocator
- "readahead: Reintroduce fix for improper RA window sizing" from Jan
Kara is a second attempt at fixing a readahead window sizing issue.
It should reduce the amount of unnecessary reading
- "synchronously scan and reclaim empty user PTE pages" from Qi Zheng
addresses an issue where "huge" amounts of pte pagetables are
accumulated:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/cover.1718267194.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com/
Qi's series addresses this windup by synchronously freeing PTE
memory within the context of madvise(MADV_DONTNEED)
- "selftest/mm: Remove warnings found by adding compiler flags" from
Muhammad Usama Anjum fixes some build warnings in the selftests
code when optional compiler warnings are enabled
- "mm: don't use __GFP_HARDWALL when migrating remote pages" from
David Hildenbrand tightens the allocator's observance of
__GFP_HARDWALL
- "pkeys kselftests improvements" from Kevin Brodsky implements
various fixes and cleanups in the MM selftests code, mainly
pertaining to the pkeys tests
- "mm/damon: add sample modules" from SeongJae Park enhances DAMON to
estimate application working set size
- "memcg/hugetlb: Rework memcg hugetlb charging" from Joshua Hahn
provides some cleanups to memcg's hugetlb charging logic
- "mm/swap_cgroup: remove global swap cgroup lock" from Kairui Song
removes the global swap cgroup lock. A speedup of 10% for a
tmpfs-based kernel build was demonstrated
- "zram: split page type read/write handling" from Sergey Senozhatsky
has several fixes and cleaups for zram in the area of
zram_write_page(). A watchdog softlockup warning was eliminated
- "move pagetable_*_dtor() to __tlb_remove_table()" from Kevin
Brodsky cleans up the pagetable destructor implementations. A rare
use-after-free race is fixed
- "mm/debug: introduce and use VM_WARN_ON_VMG()" from Lorenzo Stoakes
simplifies and cleans up the debugging code in the VMA merging
logic
- "Account page tables at all levels" from Kevin Brodsky cleans up
and regularizes the pagetable ctor/dtor handling. This results in
improvements in accounting accuracy
- "mm/damon: replace most damon_callback usages in sysfs with new
core functions" from SeongJae Park cleans up and generalizes
DAMON's sysfs file interface logic
- "mm/damon: enable page level properties based monitoring" from
SeongJae Park increases the amount of information which is
presented in response to DAMOS actions
- "mm/damon: remove DAMON debugfs interface" from SeongJae Park
removes DAMON's long-deprecated debugfs interfaces. Thus the
migration to sysfs is completed
- "mm/hugetlb: Refactor hugetlb allocation resv accounting" from
Peter Xu cleans up and generalizes the hugetlb reservation
accounting
- "mm: alloc_pages_bulk: small API refactor" from Luiz Capitulino
removes a never-used feature of the alloc_pages_bulk() interface
- "mm/damon: extend DAMOS filters for inclusion" from SeongJae Park
extends DAMOS filters to support not only exclusion (rejecting),
but also inclusion (allowing) behavior
- "Add zpdesc memory descriptor for zswap.zpool" from Alex Shi
introduces a new memory descriptor for zswap.zpool that currently
overlaps with struct page for now. This is part of the effort to
reduce the size of struct page and to enable dynamic allocation of
memory descriptors
- "mm, swap: rework of swap allocator locks" from Kairui Song redoes
and simplifies the swap allocator locking. A speedup of 400% was
demonstrated for one workload. As was a 35% reduction for kernel
build time with swap-on-zram
- "mm: update mips to use do_mmap(), make mmap_region() internal"
from Lorenzo Stoakes reworks MIPS's use of mmap_region() so that
mmap_region() can be made MM-internal
- "mm/mglru: performance optimizations" from Yu Zhao fixes a few
MGLRU regressions and otherwise improves MGLRU performance
- "Docs/mm/damon: add tuning guide and misc updates" from SeongJae
Park updates DAMON documentation
- "Cleanup for memfd_create()" from Isaac Manjarres does that thing
- "mm: hugetlb+THP folio and migration cleanups" from David
Hildenbrand provides various cleanups in the areas of hugetlb
folios, THP folios and migration
- "Uncached buffered IO" from Jens Axboe implements the new
RWF_DONTCACHE flag which provides synchronous dropbehind for
pagecache reading and writing. To permite userspace to address
issues with massive buildup of useless pagecache when
reading/writing fast devices
- "selftests/mm: virtual_address_range: Reduce memory" from Thomas
Weißschuh fixes and optimizes some of the MM selftests"
* tag 'mm-stable-2025-01-26-14-59' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (321 commits)
mm/compaction: fix UBSAN shift-out-of-bounds warning
s390/mm: add missing ctor/dtor on page table upgrade
kasan: sw_tags: use str_on_off() helper in kasan_init_sw_tags()
tools: add VM_WARN_ON_VMG definition
mm/damon/core: use str_high_low() helper in damos_wmark_wait_us()
seqlock: add missing parameter documentation for raw_seqcount_try_begin()
mm/page-writeback: consolidate wb_thresh bumping logic into __wb_calc_thresh
mm/page_alloc: remove the incorrect and misleading comment
zram: remove zcomp_stream_put() from write_incompressible_page()
mm: separate move/undo parts from migrate_pages_batch()
mm/kfence: use str_write_read() helper in get_access_type()
selftests/mm/mkdirty: fix memory leak in test_uffdio_copy()
kasan: hw_tags: Use str_on_off() helper in kasan_init_hw_tags()
selftests/mm: virtual_address_range: avoid reading from VM_IO mappings
selftests/mm: vm_util: split up /proc/self/smaps parsing
selftests/mm: virtual_address_range: unmap chunks after validation
selftests/mm: virtual_address_range: mmap() without PROT_WRITE
selftests/memfd/memfd_test: fix possible NULL pointer dereference
mm: add FGP_DONTCACHE folio creation flag
mm: call filemap_fdatawrite_range_kick() after IOCB_DONTCACHE issue
...
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Before SLUB initialization, various subsystems used memblock_alloc to
allocate memory. In most cases, when memory allocation fails, an
immediate panic is required. To simplify this behavior and reduce
repetitive checks, introduce `memblock_alloc_or_panic`. This function
ensures that memory allocation failures result in a panic automatically,
improving code readability and consistency across subsystems that require
this behavior.
[guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com: arch/s390: save_area_alloc default failure behavior changed to panic]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250109033136.2845676-1-guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/Z2fknmnNtiZbCc7x@kernel.org/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250102072528.650926-1-guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Guo Weikang <guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> [m68k]
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> [s390]
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Move pagetable_dtor() to __tlb_remove_table(), so that ptlock and page
table pages can be freed together (regardless of whether RCU is used).
This prevents the use-after-free problem where the ptlock is freed
immediately but the page table pages is freed later via RCU.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/27b3cdc8786bebd4f748380bf82f796482718504.1736317725.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com>
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>
Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com>
Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V (Arm) <aneesh.kumar@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Convert __tlb_remove_table() to use struct ptdesc, which will help to move
pagetable_dtor() to __tlb_remove_table().
And page tables shouldn't have swap cache, so use pagetable_free() instead
of free_page_and_swap_cache() to free page table pages.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/39f60f93143ff77cf5d6b3c3e75af0ffc1480adb.1736317725.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>
Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com>
Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V (Arm) <aneesh.kumar@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The early_ioremap interface can fail and return NULL in certain cases. To
prevent NULL-pointer dereference crashes, fixed issues in the acpi_extlog
and copy_early_mem interfaces, improving robustness when handling early
memory.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241212101004.1544070-1-guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Guo Weikang <guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Cc: Julian Stecklina <julian.stecklina@cyberus-technology.de>
Cc: Kevin Loughlin <kevinloughlin@google.com>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Xin Li (Intel) <xin@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Now, if CONFIG_MMU_GATHER_RCU_TABLE_FREE is selected, the page table pages
will be freed by semi RCU, that is:
- batch table freeing: asynchronous free by RCU
- single table freeing: IPI + synchronous free
In this way, the page table can be lockless traversed by disabling IRQ in
paths such as fast GUP. But this is not enough to free the empty PTE page
table pages in paths other that munmap and exit_mmap path, because IPI
cannot be synchronized with rcu_read_lock() in pte_offset_map{_lock}().
In preparation for supporting empty PTE page table pages reclaimation, let
single table also be freed by RCU like batch table freeing. Then we can
also use pte_offset_map() etc to prevent PTE page from being freed.
Like pte_free_defer(), we can also safely use ptdesc->pt_rcu_head to free
the page table pages:
- The pt_rcu_head is unioned with pt_list and pmd_huge_pte.
- For pt_list, it is used to manage the PGD page in x86. Fortunately
tlb_remove_table() will not be used for free PGD pages, so it is safe
to use pt_rcu_head.
- For pmd_huge_pte, it is used for THPs, so it is safe.
After applying this patch, if CONFIG_PT_RECLAIM is enabled, the function
call of free_pte() is as follows:
free_pte
pte_free_tlb
__pte_free_tlb
___pte_free_tlb
paravirt_tlb_remove_table
tlb_remove_table [!CONFIG_PARAVIRT, Xen PV, Hyper-V, KVM]
[no-free-memory slowpath:]
tlb_table_invalidate
tlb_remove_table_one
__tlb_remove_table_one [frees via RCU]
[fastpath:]
tlb_table_flush
tlb_remove_table_free [frees via RCU]
native_tlb_remove_table [CONFIG_PARAVIRT on native]
tlb_remove_table [see above]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/0287d442a973150b0e1019cc406e6322d148277a.1733305182.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
"Mainly individually changelogged singleton patches. The patch series
in this pull are:
- "lib min_heap: Improve min_heap safety, testing, and documentation"
from Kuan-Wei Chiu provides various tightenings to the min_heap
library code
- "xarray: extract __xa_cmpxchg_raw" from Tamir Duberstein preforms
some cleanup and Rust preparation in the xarray library code
- "Update reference to include/asm-<arch>" from Geert Uytterhoeven
fixes pathnames in some code comments
- "Converge on using secs_to_jiffies()" from Easwar Hariharan uses
the new secs_to_jiffies() in various places where that is
appropriate
- "ocfs2, dlmfs: convert to the new mount API" from Eric Sandeen
switches two filesystems to the new mount API
- "Convert ocfs2 to use folios" from Matthew Wilcox does that
- "Remove get_task_comm() and print task comm directly" from Yafang
Shao removes now-unneeded calls to get_task_comm() in various
places
- "squashfs: reduce memory usage and update docs" from Phillip
Lougher implements some memory savings in squashfs and performs
some maintainability work
- "lib: clarify comparison function requirements" from Kuan-Wei Chiu
tightens the sort code's behaviour and adds some maintenance work
- "nilfs2: protect busy buffer heads from being force-cleared" from
Ryusuke Konishi fixes an issues in nlifs when the fs is presented
with a corrupted image
- "nilfs2: fix kernel-doc comments for function return values" from
Ryusuke Konishi fixes some nilfs kerneldoc
- "nilfs2: fix issues with rename operations" from Ryusuke Konishi
addresses some nilfs BUG_ONs which syzbot was able to trigger
- "minmax.h: Cleanups and minor optimisations" from David Laight does
some maintenance work on the min/max library code
- "Fixes and cleanups to xarray" from Kemeng Shi does maintenance
work on the xarray library code"
* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-01-24-23-16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (131 commits)
ocfs2: use str_yes_no() and str_no_yes() helper functions
include/linux/lz4.h: add some missing macros
Xarray: use xa_mark_t in xas_squash_marks() to keep code consistent
Xarray: remove repeat check in xas_squash_marks()
Xarray: distinguish large entries correctly in xas_split_alloc()
Xarray: move forward index correctly in xas_pause()
Xarray: do not return sibling entries from xas_find_marked()
ipc/util.c: complete the kernel-doc function descriptions
gcov: clang: use correct function param names
latencytop: use correct kernel-doc format for func params
minmax.h: remove some #defines that are only expanded once
minmax.h: simplify the variants of clamp()
minmax.h: move all the clamp() definitions after the min/max() ones
minmax.h: use BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG() for the lo < hi test in clamp()
minmax.h: reduce the #define expansion of min(), max() and clamp()
minmax.h: update some comments
minmax.h: add whitespace around operators and after commas
nilfs2: do not update mtime of renamed directory that is not moved
nilfs2: handle errors that nilfs_prepare_chunk() may return
CREDITS: fix spelling mistake
...
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Since task->comm is guaranteed to be NUL-terminated, we can print it
directly without the need to copy it into a separate buffer. This
simplifies the code and avoids unnecessary operations.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241219023452.69907-3-laoar.shao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "André Almeida" <andrealmeid@igalia.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@redhat.com>
Cc: Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org>
Cc: David Airlie <airlied@gmail.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: Joonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Cc: Karol Herbst <kherbst@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Lyude Paul <lyude@redhat.com>
Cc: Oded Gabbay <ogabbay@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: Simona Vetter <simona@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hyperv/linux
Pull hyperv updates from Wei Liu:
- Introduce a new set of Hyper-V headers in include/hyperv and replace
the old hyperv-tlfs.h with the new headers (Nuno Das Neves)
- Fixes for the Hyper-V VTL mode (Roman Kisel)
- Fixes for cpu mask usage in Hyper-V code (Michael Kelley)
- Document the guest VM hibernation behaviour (Michael Kelley)
- Miscellaneous fixes and cleanups (Jacob Pan, John Starks, Naman Jain)
* tag 'hyperv-next-signed-20250123' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hyperv/linux:
Documentation: hyperv: Add overview of guest VM hibernation
hyperv: Do not overlap the hvcall IO areas in hv_vtl_apicid_to_vp_id()
hyperv: Do not overlap the hvcall IO areas in get_vtl()
hyperv: Enable the hypercall output page for the VTL mode
hv_balloon: Fallback to generic_online_page() for non-HV hot added mem
Drivers: hv: vmbus: Log on missing offers if any
Drivers: hv: vmbus: Wait for boot-time offers during boot and resume
uio_hv_generic: Add a check for HV_NIC for send, receive buffers setup
iommu/hyper-v: Don't assume cpu_possible_mask is dense
Drivers: hv: Don't assume cpu_possible_mask is dense
x86/hyperv: Don't assume cpu_possible_mask is dense
hyperv: Remove the now unused hyperv-tlfs.h files
hyperv: Switch from hyperv-tlfs.h to hyperv/hvhdk.h
hyperv: Add new Hyper-V headers in include/hyperv
hyperv: Clean up unnecessary #includes
hyperv: Move hv_connection_id to hyperv-tlfs.h
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Switch to using hvhdk.h everywhere in the kernel. This header
includes all the new Hyper-V headers in include/hyperv, which form a
superset of the definitions found in hyperv-tlfs.h.
This makes it easier to add new Hyper-V interfaces without being
restricted to those in the TLFS doc (reflected in hyperv-tlfs.h).
To be more consistent with the original Hyper-V code, the names of
some definitions are changed slightly. Update those where needed.
Update comments in mshyperv.h files to point to include/hyperv for
adding new definitions.
Signed-off-by: Nuno Das Neves <nunodasneves@linux.microsoft.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
Reviewed-by: Easwar Hariharan <eahariha@linux.microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Roman Kisel <romank@linux.microsoft.com>
Reviewed-by: Easwar Hariharan <eahariha@linux.microsoft.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1732577084-2122-5-git-send-email-nunodasneves@linux.microsoft.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250108222138.1623703-3-romank@linux.microsoft.com
Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 boot updates from Ingo Molnar:
- A large and involved preparatory series to pave the way to add
exception handling for relocate_kernel - which will be a debugging
facility that has aided in the field to debug an exceptionally hard
to debug early boot bug. Plus assorted cleanups and fixes that were
discovered along the way, by David Woodhouse:
- Clean up and document register use in relocate_kernel_64.S
- Use named labels in swap_pages in relocate_kernel_64.S
- Only swap pages for ::preserve_context mode
- Allocate PGD for x86_64 transition page tables separately
- Copy control page into place in machine_kexec_prepare()
- Invoke copy of relocate_kernel() instead of the original
- Move relocate_kernel to kernel .data section
- Add data section to relocate_kernel
- Drop page_list argument from relocate_kernel()
- Eliminate writes through kernel mapping of relocate_kernel page
- Clean up register usage in relocate_kernel()
- Mark relocate_kernel page as ROX instead of RWX
- Disable global pages before writing to control page
- Ensure preserve_context flag is set on return to kernel
- Use correct swap page in swap_pages function
- Fix stack and handling of re-entry point for ::preserve_context
- Mark machine_kexec() with __nocfi
- Cope with relocate_kernel() not being at the start of the page
- Use typedef for relocate_kernel_fn function prototype
- Fix location of relocate_kernel with -ffunction-sections (fix by Nathan Chancellor)
- A series to remove the last remaining absolute symbol references from
.head.text, and enforce this at build time, by Ard Biesheuvel:
- Avoid WARN()s and panic()s in early boot code
- Don't hang but terminate on failure to remap SVSM CA
- Determine VA/PA offset before entering C code
- Avoid intentional absolute symbol references in .head.text
- Disable UBSAN in early boot code
- Move ENTRY_TEXT to the start of the image
- Move .head.text into its own output section
- Reject absolute references in .head.text
- The above build-time enforcement uncovered a handful of bugs of
essentially non-working code, and a wrokaround for a toolchain bug,
fixed by Ard Biesheuvel as well:
- Fix spurious undefined reference when CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL=n, on GCC-12
- Disable UBSAN on SEV code that may execute very early
- Disable ftrace branch profiling in SEV startup code
- And miscellaneous cleanups:
- kexec_core: Add and update comments regarding the KEXEC_JUMP flow (Rafael J. Wysocki)
- x86/sysfs: Constify 'struct bin_attribute' (Thomas Weißschuh)"
* tag 'x86-boot-2025-01-21' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (33 commits)
x86/sev: Disable ftrace branch profiling in SEV startup code
x86/kexec: Use typedef for relocate_kernel_fn function prototype
x86/kexec: Cope with relocate_kernel() not being at the start of the page
kexec_core: Add and update comments regarding the KEXEC_JUMP flow
x86/kexec: Mark machine_kexec() with __nocfi
x86/kexec: Fix location of relocate_kernel with -ffunction-sections
x86/kexec: Fix stack and handling of re-entry point for ::preserve_context
x86/kexec: Use correct swap page in swap_pages function
x86/kexec: Ensure preserve_context flag is set on return to kernel
x86/kexec: Disable global pages before writing to control page
x86/sev: Don't hang but terminate on failure to remap SVSM CA
x86/sev: Disable UBSAN on SEV code that may execute very early
x86/boot/64: Fix spurious undefined reference when CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL=n, on GCC-12
x86/sysfs: Constify 'struct bin_attribute'
x86/kexec: Mark relocate_kernel page as ROX instead of RWX
x86/kexec: Clean up register usage in relocate_kernel()
x86/kexec: Eliminate writes through kernel mapping of relocate_kernel page
x86/kexec: Drop page_list argument from relocate_kernel()
x86/kexec: Add data section to relocate_kernel
x86/kexec: Move relocate_kernel to kernel .data section
...
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Both i386 and x86_64 now copy the relocate_kernel() function into the control
page and execute it from there, using an open-coded function pointer.
Use a typedef for it instead.
[ bp: Put relocate_kernel_ptr ptr arithmetic on a single line. ]
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250109140757.2841269-10-dwmw2@infradead.org
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A few places in the kexec control code page make the assumption that the first
instruction of relocate_kernel is at the very start of the page.
To allow for Clang CFI information to be added to relocate_kernel(), as well
as the general principle of removing unwarranted assumptions, fix them to use
the external __relocate_kernel_start symbol that the linker adds. This means
using a separate addq and subq for calculating offsets, as the assembler can
no longer calculate the delta directly for itself and relocations aren't that
versatile. But those values can at least be used relative to a local label to
avoid absolute relocations.
Turn the jump from relocate_kernel() to identity_mapped() into a real indirect
'jmp *%rsi' too, while touching it. There was no real reason for it to be
a push+ret in the first place, and adding Clang CFI info will also give
objtool enough visibility to start complaining 'return with modified stack
frame' about it.
[ bp: Massage commit message. ]
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250109140757.2841269-9-dwmw2@infradead.org
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A recent commit caused the relocate_kernel() function to be invoked through
a function pointer, but it does not have CFI information. The resulting trap
occurs after the IDT and GDT have been invalidated, leading to a triple-fault
if CONFIG_CFI_CLANG is enabled.
Using SYM_TYPED_FUNC_START() to provide the CFI information looks like it will
require a prolonged battle with objtool. And is fairly pointless anyway, as
the actual signature comes from a __kcfi_typeid_… symbol emitted from the
C code based on the function prototype it thinks that relocate_kernel has,
rendering the check somewhat tautological.
The simple fix is just to mark machine_kexec() with __nocfi.
Fixes: eeebbde57113 ("x86/kexec: Invoke copy of relocate_kernel() instead of the original")
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250109140757.2841269-7-dwmw2@infradead.org
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After commit
cb33ff9e063c ("x86/kexec: Move relocate_kernel to kernel .data section"),
kernels configured with an option that uses -ffunction-sections, such as
CONFIG_LTO_CLANG, crash when kexecing because the value of relocate_kernel
does not match the value of __relocate_kernel_start so incorrect code gets
copied via machine_kexec_prepare().
$ llvm-nm good-vmlinux &| rg relocate_kernel
ffffffff83280d41 T __relocate_kernel_end
ffffffff83280b00 T __relocate_kernel_start
ffffffff83280b00 T relocate_kernel
$ llvm-nm bad-vmlinux &| rg relocate_kernel
ffffffff83266100 D __relocate_kernel_end
ffffffff83266100 D __relocate_kernel_start
ffffffff8120b0d8 T relocate_kernel
When -ffunction-sections is enabled, TEXT_MAIN matches on
'.text.[0-9a-zA-Z_]*' to coalesce the function specific functions back
into .text during link time after they have been optimized. Due to the
placement of TEXT_TEXT before KEXEC_RELOCATE_KERNEL in the x86 linker
script, the .text.relocate_kernel section ends up in .text instead of
.data.
Use a second dot in the relocate_kernel section name to avoid matching
on TEXT_MAIN, which matches a similar situation that happened in
commit
79cd2a11224e ("x86/retpoline,kprobes: Fix position of thunk sections with CONFIG_LTO_CLANG"),
which allows kexec to function properly.
While .data.relocate_kernel still ends up in the .data section via
DATA_MAIN -> DATA_DATA, ensure it is located with the
.text.relocate_kernel section as intended by performing the same
transformation.
Fixes: cb33ff9e063c ("x86/kexec: Move relocate_kernel to kernel .data section")
Fixes: 8dbec5c77bc3 ("x86/kexec: Add data section to relocate_kernel")
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250109140757.2841269-6-dwmw2@infradead.org
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A ::preserve_context kimage can be invoked more than once, and the entry point
can be different every time. When the callee returns to the kernel, it leaves
the address of its entry point for next time on the stack.
That being the case, one might reasonably assume that the caller would
allocate space for it on the stack frame before actually performing the 'call'
into the callee.
Apparently not, though. Ever since the kjump code was first added in 2009, it
has set up a *new* stack at the top of the swap_page scratch page, then just
performed the 'call' without allocating any space for the re-entry address to
be returned. It then reads the re-entry point for next time from 0(%rsp) which
is actually the first qword of the page *after* the swap page, which might not
exist at all! And if the callee has written to that, then it will have
corrupted memory it doesn't own.
Correct this by pushing the entry point of the callee onto the stack before
calling it. The callee may then adjust it, or not, as it sees fit, and
subsequent invocations should work correctly either way.
Remove a stray push of zero to the *relocate_kernel* stack, which may have
been intended for this purpose, but which was actually just noise.
Also, loading the stack for the callee relied on the address of the swap page
being in %r10 without ever documenting that fact. Recent code changes made
that no longer true, so load it directly from the local kexec_pa_swap_page
variable instead.
Fixes: b3adabae8a96 ("x86/kexec: Drop page_list argument from relocate_kernel()")
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250109140757.2841269-5-dwmw2@infradead.org
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The swap_pages function expects the swap page to be in %r10, but there
was no documentation to that effect. Once upon a time the setup code
used to load its value from a kernel virtual address and save it to an
address which is accessible in the identity-mapped page tables, and
*happened* to use %r10 to do so, with no comment that it was left there
on *purpose* instead of just being a scratch register. Once that was no
longer necessary, %r10 just holds whatever the kernel happened to leave
in it.
Now that the original value passed by the kernel is accessible via
%rip-relative addressing, load directly from there instead of using %r10
for it. But document the other parameters that the swap_pages function
*does* expect in registers.
Fixes: b3adabae8a96 ("x86/kexec: Drop page_list argument from relocate_kernel()")
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250109140757.2841269-4-dwmw2@infradead.org
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The swap_pages() function will only actually *swap*, as its name implies, if
the preserve_context flag in the %r11 register is non-zero. On the way back
from a ::preserve_context kexec, ensure that the %r11 register is non-zero so
that the pages get swapped back.
Fixes: 9e5683e2d0b5 ("x86/kexec: Only swap pages for ::preserve_context mode")
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250109140757.2841269-3-dwmw2@infradead.org
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The kernel switches to a new set of page tables during kexec. The global
mappings (_PAGE_GLOBAL==1) can remain in the TLB after this switch. This
is generally not a problem because the new page tables use a different
portion of the virtual address space than the normal kernel mappings.
The critical exception to that generalisation (and the only mapping
which isn't an identity mapping) is the kexec control page itself —
which was ROX in the original kernel mapping, but should be RWX in the
new page tables. If there is a global TLB entry for that in its prior
read-only state, it definitely needs to be flushed before attempting to
write through that virtual mapping.
It would be possible to just avoid writing to the virtual address of the
page and defer all writes until they can be done through the identity
mapping. But there's no good reason to keep the old TLB entries around,
as they can cause nothing but trouble.
Clear the PGE bit in %cr4 early, before storing data in the control page.
Fixes: 5a82223e0743 ("x86/kexec: Mark relocate_kernel page as ROX instead of RWX")
Closes: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=219592
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reported-by: "Ning, Hongyu" <hongyu.ning@linux.intel.com>
Co-developed-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Tested-by: "Ning, Hongyu" <hongyu.ning@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250109140757.2841269-2-dwmw2@infradead.org
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GCC-12
In __startup_64(), the bool 'la57' can only assume the 'true' value if
CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL is enabled in the build, and generally, the compiler
can make this inference at build time, and elide any references to the
symbol 'level4_kernel_pgt', which may be undefined if 'la57' is false.
As it turns out, GCC 12 gets this wrong sometimes, and gives up with a
build error:
ld: arch/x86/kernel/head64.o: in function `__startup_64':
head64.c:(.head.text+0xbd): undefined reference to `level4_kernel_pgt'
even though the reference is in unreachable code. Fix this by
duplicating the IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL) in the conditional that
tests the value of 'la57'.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241209094105.762857-2-ardb+git@google.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202412060403.efD8Kgb7-lkp@intel.com/
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The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241202-sysfs-const-bin_attr-x86-v1-1-b767d5f0ac5c@weissschuh.net
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All writes to the page now happen before it gets marked as executable
(or after it's already switched to the identmap page tables where it's
OK to be RWX).
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-14-dwmw2@infradead.org
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The memory encryption flag is passed in %r8 because that's where the
calling convention puts it. Instead of moving it to %r12 and then using
%r8 for other things, just leave it in %r8 and use other registers
instead.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-13-dwmw2@infradead.org
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All writes to the relocate_kernel control page are now done *after* the
%cr3 switch via simple %rip-relative addressing, which means the DATA()
macro with its pointer arithmetic can also now be removed.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-12-dwmw2@infradead.org
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The kernel's virtual mapping of the relocate_kernel page currently needs
to be RWX because it is written to before the %cr3 switch.
Now that the relocate_kernel page has its own .data section and local
variables, it can also have *global* variables. So eliminate the separate
page_list argument, and write the same information directly to variables
in the relocate_kernel page instead. This way, the relocate_kernel code
itself doesn't need to copy it.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-11-dwmw2@infradead.org
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Now that the relocate_kernel page is handled sanely by a linker script
we can have actual data, and just use %rip-relative addressing to access
it.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-10-dwmw2@infradead.org
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Now that the copy is executed instead of the original, the relocate_kernel
page can live in the kernel's .text section. This will allow subsequent
commits to actually add real data to it and clean up the code somewhat as
well as making the control page ROX.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-9-dwmw2@infradead.org
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This currently calls set_memory_x() from machine_kexec_prepare() just
like the 32-bit version does. That's actually a bit earlier than I'd
like, as it leaves the page RWX all the time the image is even *loaded*.
Subsequent commits will eliminate all the writes to the page between the
point it's marked executable in machine_kexec_prepare() the time that
relocate_kernel() is running and has switched to the identmap %cr3, so
that it can be ROX. But that can't happen until it's moved to the .data
section of the kernel, and *that* can't happen until we start executing
the copy instead of executing it in place in the kernel .text. So break
the circular dependency in those commits by letting it be RWX for now.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-8-dwmw2@infradead.org
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There's no need for this to wait until the actual machine_kexec() invocation;
future changes will need to make the control page read-only and executable,
so all writes should be completed before machine_kexec_prepare() returns.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-7-dwmw2@infradead.org
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Now that the following fix:
d0ceea662d45 ("x86/mm: Add _PAGE_NOPTISHADOW bit to avoid updating userspace page tables")
stops kernel_ident_mapping_init() from scribbling over the end of a
4KiB PGD by assuming the following 4KiB will be a userspace PGD,
there's no good reason for the kexec PGD to be part of a single
8KiB allocation with the control_code_page.
( It's not clear that that was the reason for x86_64 kexec doing it that
way in the first place either; there were no comments to that effect and
it seems to have been the case even before PTI came along. It looks like
it was just a happy accident which prevented memory corruption on kexec. )
Either way, it definitely isn't needed now. Just allocate the PGD
separately on x86_64, like i386 already does.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-6-dwmw2@infradead.org
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There's no need to swap pages (which involves three memcopies for each
page) in the plain kexec case. Just do a single copy from source to
destination page.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-5-dwmw2@infradead.org
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Make the code a little more readable.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kai Huang <kai.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-4-dwmw2@infradead.org
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Add more comments explaining what each register contains, and save the
preserve_context flag to a non-clobbered register sooner, to keep things
simpler.
No change in behavior intended.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kai Huang <kai.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205153343.3275139-3-dwmw2@infradead.org
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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In order to be able to double check that vmlinux is emitted without
absolute symbol references in .head.text, it needs to be distinguishable
from the rest of .text in the ELF metadata.
So move .head.text into its own ELF section.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205112804.3416920-15-ardb+git@google.com
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Since commit:
7734a0f31e99 ("x86/boot: Robustify calling startup_{32,64}() from the decompressor code")
it is no longer necessary for .head.text to appear at the start of the
image. Since ENTRY_TEXT needs to appear PMD-aligned, it is easier to
just place it at the start of the image, rather than line it up with the
end of the .text section. The amount of padding required should be the
same, but this arrangement also permits .head.text to be split off and
emitted separately, which is needed by a subsequent change.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205112804.3416920-14-ardb+git@google.com
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The code in .head.text executes from a 1:1 mapping and cannot generally
refer to global variables using their kernel virtual addresses. However,
there are some occurrences of such references that are valid: the kernel
virtual addresses of _text and _end are needed to populate the page
tables correctly, and some other section markers are used in a similar
way.
To avoid the need for making exceptions to the rule that .head.text must
not contain any absolute symbol references, derive these addresses from
the RIP-relative 1:1 mapped physical addresses, which can be safely
determined using RIP_REL_REF().
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205112804.3416920-12-ardb+git@google.com
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Implicit absolute symbol references (e.g., taking the address of a
global variable) must be avoided in the C code that runs from the early
1:1 mapping of the kernel, given that this is a practice that violates
assumptions on the part of the toolchain. I.e., RIP-relative and
absolute references are expected to produce the same values, and so the
compiler is free to choose either. However, the code currently assumes
that RIP-relative references are never emitted here.
So an explicit virtual-to-physical offset needs to be used instead to
derive the kernel virtual addresses of _text and _end, instead of simply
taking the addresses and assuming that the compiler will not choose to
use a RIP-relative references in this particular case.
Currently, phys_base is already used to perform such calculations, but
it is derived from the kernel virtual address of _text, which is taken
using an implicit absolute symbol reference. So instead, derive this
VA-to-PA offset in asm code, and pass it to the C startup code.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241205112804.3416920-11-ardb+git@google.com
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace
Pull ftrace updates from Steven Rostedt:
- Have fprobes built on top of function graph infrastructure
The fprobe logic is an optimized kprobe that uses ftrace to attach to
functions when a probe is needed at the start or end of the function.
The fprobe and kretprobe logic implements a similar method as the
function graph tracer to trace the end of the function. That is to
hijack the return address and jump to a trampoline to do the trace
when the function exits. To do this, a shadow stack needs to be
created to store the original return address. Fprobes and function
graph do this slightly differently. Fprobes (and kretprobes) has
slots per callsite that are reserved to save the return address. This
is fine when just a few points are traced. But users of fprobes, such
as BPF programs, are starting to add many more locations, and this
method does not scale.
The function graph tracer was created to trace all functions in the
kernel. In order to do this, when function graph tracing is started,
every task gets its own shadow stack to hold the return address that
is going to be traced. The function graph tracer has been updated to
allow multiple users to use its infrastructure. Now have fprobes be
one of those users. This will also allow for the fprobe and kretprobe
methods to trace the return address to become obsolete. With new
technologies like CFI that need to know about these methods of
hijacking the return address, going toward a solution that has only
one method of doing this will make the kernel less complex.
- Cleanup with guard() and free() helpers
There were several places in the code that had a lot of "goto out" in
the error paths to either unlock a lock or free some memory that was
allocated. But this is error prone. Convert the code over to use the
guard() and free() helpers that let the compiler unlock locks or free
memory when the function exits.
- Remove disabling of interrupts in the function graph tracer
When function graph tracer was first introduced, it could race with
interrupts and NMIs. To prevent that race, it would disable
interrupts and not trace NMIs. But the code has changed to allow NMIs
and also interrupts. This change was done a long time ago, but the
disabling of interrupts was never removed. Remove the disabling of
interrupts in the function graph tracer is it is not needed. This
greatly improves its performance.
- Allow the :mod: command to enable tracing module functions on the
kernel command line.
The function tracer already has a way to enable functions to be
traced in modules by writing ":mod:<module>" into set_ftrace_filter.
That will enable either all the functions for the module if it is
loaded, or if it is not, it will cache that command, and when the
module is loaded that matches <module>, its functions will be
enabled. This also allows init functions to be traced. But currently
events do not have that feature.
Because enabling function tracing can be done very early at boot up
(before scheduling is enabled), the commands that can be done when
function tracing is started is limited. Having the ":mod:" command to
trace module functions as they are loaded is very useful. Update the
kernel command line function filtering to allow it.
* tag 'ftrace-v6.14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: (26 commits)
ftrace: Implement :mod: cache filtering on kernel command line
tracing: Adopt __free() and guard() for trace_fprobe.c
bpf: Use ftrace_get_symaddr() for kprobe_multi probes
ftrace: Add ftrace_get_symaddr to convert fentry_ip to symaddr
Documentation: probes: Update fprobe on function-graph tracer
selftests/ftrace: Add a test case for repeating register/unregister fprobe
selftests: ftrace: Remove obsolate maxactive syntax check
tracing/fprobe: Remove nr_maxactive from fprobe
fprobe: Add fprobe_header encoding feature
fprobe: Rewrite fprobe on function-graph tracer
s390/tracing: Enable HAVE_FTRACE_GRAPH_FUNC
ftrace: Add CONFIG_HAVE_FTRACE_GRAPH_FUNC
bpf: Enable kprobe_multi feature if CONFIG_FPROBE is enabled
tracing/fprobe: Enable fprobe events with CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_ARGS
tracing: Add ftrace_fill_perf_regs() for perf event
tracing: Add ftrace_partial_regs() for converting ftrace_regs to pt_regs
fprobe: Use ftrace_regs in fprobe exit handler
fprobe: Use ftrace_regs in fprobe entry handler
fgraph: Pass ftrace_regs to retfunc
fgraph: Replace fgraph_ret_regs with ftrace_regs
...
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Use ftrace_regs instead of fgraph_ret_regs for tracing return value
on function_graph tracer because of simplifying the callback interface.
The CONFIG_HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RETVAL is also replaced by
CONFIG_HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_FREGS.
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com>
Cc: Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org>
Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@linux.dev>
Cc: bpf <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>
Cc: WANG Xuerui <kernel@xen0n.name>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/173518991508.391279.16635322774382197642.stgit@devnote2
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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