summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/mm/nommu.c
blob: 8c3a04784dbe07ef12e67ff05ffff2ec73c05a94 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 *  linux/mm/nommu.c
 *
 *  Replacement code for mm functions to support CPU's that don't
 *  have any form of memory management unit (thus no virtual memory).
 *
 *  See Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2004-2008 David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
 *  Copyright (c) 2000-2003 David McCullough <davidm@snapgear.com>
 *  Copyright (c) 2000-2001 D Jeff Dionne <jeff@uClinux.org>
 *  Copyright (c) 2002      Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
 *  Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
 */

#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt

#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/vmacache.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/audit.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>

#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/tlb.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
#include "internal.h"

void *high_memory;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(high_memory);
struct page *mem_map;
unsigned long max_mapnr;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(max_mapnr);
unsigned long highest_memmap_pfn;
int sysctl_nr_trim_pages = CONFIG_NOMMU_INITIAL_TRIM_EXCESS;
int heap_stack_gap = 0;

atomic_long_t mmap_pages_allocated;

EXPORT_SYMBOL(mem_map);

/* list of mapped, potentially shareable regions */
static struct kmem_cache *vm_region_jar;
struct rb_root nommu_region_tree = RB_ROOT;
DECLARE_RWSEM(nommu_region_sem);

const struct vm_operations_struct generic_file_vm_ops = {
};

/*
 * Return the total memory allocated for this pointer, not
 * just what the caller asked for.
 *
 * Doesn't have to be accurate, i.e. may have races.
 */
unsigned int kobjsize(const void *objp)
{
	struct page *page;

	/*
	 * If the object we have should not have ksize performed on it,
	 * return size of 0
	 */
	if (!objp || !virt_addr_valid(objp))
		return 0;

	page = virt_to_head_page(objp);

	/*
	 * If the allocator sets PageSlab, we know the pointer came from
	 * kmalloc().
	 */
	if (PageSlab(page))
		return ksize(objp);

	/*
	 * If it's not a compound page, see if we have a matching VMA
	 * region. This test is intentionally done in reverse order,
	 * so if there's no VMA, we still fall through and hand back
	 * PAGE_SIZE for 0-order pages.
	 */
	if (!PageCompound(page)) {
		struct vm_area_struct *vma;

		vma = find_vma(current->mm, (unsigned long)objp);
		if (vma)
			return vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;
	}

	/*
	 * The ksize() function is only guaranteed to work for pointers
	 * returned by kmalloc(). So handle arbitrary pointers here.
	 */
	return page_size(page);
}

/**
 * follow_pfn - look up PFN at a user virtual address
 * @vma: memory mapping
 * @address: user virtual address
 * @pfn: location to store found PFN
 *
 * Only IO mappings and raw PFN mappings are allowed.
 *
 * Returns zero and the pfn at @pfn on success, -ve otherwise.
 */
int follow_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
	unsigned long *pfn)
{
	if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP)))
		return -EINVAL;

	*pfn = address >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(follow_pfn);

LIST_HEAD(vmap_area_list);

void vfree(const void *addr)
{
	kfree(addr);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfree);

void *__vmalloc(unsigned long size, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	/*
	 *  You can't specify __GFP_HIGHMEM with kmalloc() since kmalloc()
	 * returns only a logical address.
	 */
	return kmalloc(size, (gfp_mask | __GFP_COMP) & ~__GFP_HIGHMEM);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__vmalloc);

void *__vmalloc_node_range(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, gfp_t gfp_mask,
		pgprot_t prot, unsigned long vm_flags, int node,
		const void *caller)
{
	return __vmalloc(size, gfp_mask);
}

void *__vmalloc_node(unsigned long size, unsigned long align, gfp_t gfp_mask,
		int node, const void *caller)
{
	return __vmalloc(size, gfp_mask);
}

static void *__vmalloc_user_flags(unsigned long size, gfp_t flags)
{
	void *ret;

	ret = __vmalloc(size, flags);
	if (ret) {
		struct vm_area_struct *vma;

		mmap_write_lock(current->mm);
		vma = find_vma(current->mm, (unsigned long)ret);
		if (vma)
			vma->vm_flags |= VM_USERMAP;
		mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
	}

	return ret;
}

void *vmalloc_user(unsigned long size)
{
	return __vmalloc_user_flags(size, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_user);

struct page *vmalloc_to_page(const void *addr)
{
	return virt_to_page(addr);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_to_page);

unsigned long vmalloc_to_pfn(const void *addr)
{
	return page_to_pfn(virt_to_page(addr));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_to_pfn);

long vread(char *buf, char *addr, unsigned long count)
{
	/* Don't allow overflow */
	if ((unsigned long) buf + count < count)
		count = -(unsigned long) buf;

	memcpy(buf, addr, count);
	return count;
}

long vwrite(char *buf, char *addr, unsigned long count)
{
	/* Don't allow overflow */
	if ((unsigned long) addr + count < count)
		count = -(unsigned long) addr;

	memcpy(addr, buf, count);
	return count;
}

/*
 *	vmalloc  -  allocate virtually contiguous memory
 *
 *	@size:		allocation size
 *
 *	Allocate enough pages to cover @size from the page level
 *	allocator and map them into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 *
 *	For tight control over page level allocator and protection flags
 *	use __vmalloc() instead.
 */
void *vmalloc(unsigned long size)
{
       return __vmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc);

/*
 *	vzalloc - allocate virtually contiguous memory with zero fill
 *
 *	@size:		allocation size
 *
 *	Allocate enough pages to cover @size from the page level
 *	allocator and map them into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 *	The memory allocated is set to zero.
 *
 *	For tight control over page level allocator and protection flags
 *	use __vmalloc() instead.
 */
void *vzalloc(unsigned long size)
{
	return __vmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_ZERO);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vzalloc);

/**
 * vmalloc_node - allocate memory on a specific node
 * @size:	allocation size
 * @node:	numa node
 *
 * Allocate enough pages to cover @size from the page level
 * allocator and map them into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 *
 * For tight control over page level allocator and protection flags
 * use __vmalloc() instead.
 */
void *vmalloc_node(unsigned long size, int node)
{
	return vmalloc(size);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_node);

/**
 * vzalloc_node - allocate memory on a specific node with zero fill
 * @size:	allocation size
 * @node:	numa node
 *
 * Allocate enough pages to cover @size from the page level
 * allocator and map them into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 * The memory allocated is set to zero.
 *
 * For tight control over page level allocator and protection flags
 * use __vmalloc() instead.
 */
void *vzalloc_node(unsigned long size, int node)
{
	return vzalloc(size);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vzalloc_node);

/**
 *	vmalloc_exec  -  allocate virtually contiguous, executable memory
 *	@size:		allocation size
 *
 *	Kernel-internal function to allocate enough pages to cover @size
 *	the page level allocator and map them into contiguous and
 *	executable kernel virtual space.
 *
 *	For tight control over page level allocator and protection flags
 *	use __vmalloc() instead.
 */

void *vmalloc_exec(unsigned long size)
{
	return __vmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM);
}

/**
 * vmalloc_32  -  allocate virtually contiguous memory (32bit addressable)
 *	@size:		allocation size
 *
 *	Allocate enough 32bit PA addressable pages to cover @size from the
 *	page level allocator and map them into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 */
void *vmalloc_32(unsigned long size)
{
	return __vmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_32);

/**
 * vmalloc_32_user - allocate zeroed virtually contiguous 32bit memory
 *	@size:		allocation size
 *
 * The resulting memory area is 32bit addressable and zeroed so it can be
 * mapped to userspace without leaking data.
 *
 * VM_USERMAP is set on the corresponding VMA so that subsequent calls to
 * remap_vmalloc_range() are permissible.
 */
void *vmalloc_32_user(unsigned long size)
{
	/*
	 * We'll have to sort out the ZONE_DMA bits for 64-bit,
	 * but for now this can simply use vmalloc_user() directly.
	 */
	return vmalloc_user(size);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_32_user);

void *vmap(struct page **pages, unsigned int count, unsigned long flags, pgprot_t prot)
{
	BUG();
	return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmap);

void vunmap(const void *addr)
{
	BUG();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vunmap);

void *vm_map_ram(struct page **pages, unsigned int count, int node)
{
	BUG();
	return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_map_ram);

void vm_unmap_ram(const void *mem, unsigned int count)
{
	BUG();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_unmap_ram);

void vm_unmap_aliases(void)
{
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vm_unmap_aliases);

struct vm_struct *alloc_vm_area(size_t size, pte_t **ptes)
{
	BUG();
	return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(alloc_vm_area);

void free_vm_area(struct vm_struct *area)
{
	BUG();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(free_vm_area);

int vm_insert_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
		   struct page *page)
{
	return -EINVAL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_insert_page);

int vm_map_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page **pages,
			unsigned long num)
{
	return -EINVAL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_map_pages);

int vm_map_pages_zero(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page **pages,
				unsigned long num)
{
	return -EINVAL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_map_pages_zero);

/*
 *  sys_brk() for the most part doesn't need the global kernel
 *  lock, except when an application is doing something nasty
 *  like trying to un-brk an area that has already been mapped
 *  to a regular file.  in this case, the unmapping will need
 *  to invoke file system routines that need the global lock.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE1(brk, unsigned long, brk)
{
	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;

	if (brk < mm->start_brk || brk > mm->context.end_brk)
		return mm->brk;

	if (mm->brk == brk)
		return mm->brk;

	/*
	 * Always allow shrinking brk
	 */
	if (brk <= mm->brk) {
		mm->brk = brk;
		return brk;
	}

	/*
	 * Ok, looks good - let it rip.
	 */
	flush_icache_user_range(mm->brk, brk);
	return mm->brk = brk;
}

/*
 * initialise the percpu counter for VM and region record slabs
 */
void __init mmap_init(void)
{
	int ret;

	ret = percpu_counter_init(&vm_committed_as, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
	VM_BUG_ON(ret);
	vm_region_jar = KMEM_CACHE(vm_region, SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT);
}

/*
 * validate the region tree
 * - the caller must hold the region lock
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_NOMMU_REGIONS
static noinline void validate_nommu_regions(void)
{
	struct vm_region *region, *last;
	struct rb_node *p, *lastp;

	lastp = rb_first(&nommu_region_tree);
	if (!lastp)
		return;

	last = rb_entry(lastp, struct vm_region, vm_rb);
	BUG_ON(last->vm_end <= last->vm_start);
	BUG_ON(last->vm_top < last->vm_end);

	while ((p = rb_next(lastp))) {
		region = rb_entry(p, struct vm_region, vm_rb);
		last = rb_entry(lastp, struct vm_region, vm_rb);

		BUG_ON(region->vm_end <= region->vm_start);
		BUG_ON(region->vm_top < region->vm_end);
		BUG_ON(region->vm_start < last->vm_top);

		lastp = p;
	}
}
#else
static void validate_nommu_regions(void)
{
}
#endif

/*
 * add a region into the global tree
 */
static void add_nommu_region(struct vm_region *region)
{
	struct vm_region *pregion;
	struct rb_node **p, *parent;

	validate_nommu_regions();

	parent = NULL;
	p = &nommu_region_tree.rb_node;
	while (*p) {
		parent = *p;
		pregion = rb_entry(parent, struct vm_region, vm_rb);
		if (region->vm_start < pregion->vm_start)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else if (region->vm_start > pregion->vm_start)
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
		else if (pregion == region)
			return;
		else
			BUG();
	}

	rb_link_node(&region->vm_rb, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&region->vm_rb, &nommu_region_tree);

	validate_nommu_regions();
}

/*
 * delete a region from the global tree
 */
static void delete_nommu_region(struct vm_region *region)
{
	BUG_ON(!nommu_region_tree.rb_node);

	validate_nommu_regions();
	rb_erase(&region->vm_rb, &nommu_region_tree);
	validate_nommu_regions();
}

/*
 * free a contiguous series of pages
 */
static void free_page_series(unsigned long from, unsigned long to)
{
	for (; from < to; from += PAGE_SIZE) {
		struct page *page = virt_to_page(from);

		atomic_long_dec(&mmap_pages_allocated);
		put_page(page);
	}
}

/*
 * release a reference to a region
 * - the caller must hold the region semaphore for writing, which this releases
 * - the region may not have been added to the tree yet, in which case vm_top
 *   will equal vm_start
 */
static void __put_nommu_region(struct vm_region *region)
	__releases(nommu_region_sem)
{
	BUG_ON(!nommu_region_tree.rb_node);

	if (--region->vm_usage == 0) {
		if (region->vm_top > region->vm_start)
			delete_nommu_region(region);
		up_write(&nommu_region_sem);

		if (region->vm_file)
			fput(region->vm_file);

		/* IO memory and memory shared directly out of the pagecache
		 * from ramfs/tmpfs mustn't be released here */
		if (region->vm_flags & VM_MAPPED_COPY)
			free_page_series(region->vm_start, region->vm_top);
		kmem_cache_free(vm_region_jar, region);
	} else {
		up_write(&nommu_region_sem);
	}
}

/*
 * release a reference to a region
 */
static void put_nommu_region(struct vm_region *region)
{
	down_write(&nommu_region_sem);
	__put_nommu_region(region);
}

/*
 * add a VMA into a process's mm_struct in the appropriate place in the list
 * and tree and add to the address space's page tree also if not an anonymous
 * page
 * - should be called with mm->mmap_sem held writelocked
 */
static void add_vma_to_mm(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *pvma, *prev;
	struct address_space *mapping;
	struct rb_node **p, *parent, *rb_prev;

	BUG_ON(!vma->vm_region);

	mm->map_count++;
	vma->vm_mm = mm;

	/* add the VMA to the mapping */
	if (vma->vm_file) {
		mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;

		i_mmap_lock_write(mapping);
		flush_dcache_mmap_lock(mapping);
		vma_interval_tree_insert(vma, &mapping->i_mmap);
		flush_dcache_mmap_unlock(mapping);
		i_mmap_unlock_write(mapping);
	}

	/* add the VMA to the tree */
	parent = rb_prev = NULL;
	p = &mm->mm_rb.rb_node;
	while (*p) {
		parent = *p;
		pvma = rb_entry(parent, struct vm_area_struct, vm_rb);

		/* sort by: start addr, end addr, VMA struct addr in that order
		 * (the latter is necessary as we may get identical VMAs) */
		if (vma->vm_start < pvma->vm_start)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else if (vma->vm_start > pvma->vm_start) {
			rb_prev = parent;
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
		} else if (vma->vm_end < pvma->vm_end)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else if (vma->vm_end > pvma->vm_end) {
			rb_prev = parent;
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
		} else if (vma < pvma)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else if (vma > pvma) {
			rb_prev = parent;
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
		} else
			BUG();
	}

	rb_link_node(&vma->vm_rb, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&vma->vm_rb, &mm->mm_rb);

	/* add VMA to the VMA list also */
	prev = NULL;
	if (rb_prev)
		prev = rb_entry(rb_prev, struct vm_area_struct, vm_rb);

	__vma_link_list(mm, vma, prev);
}

/*
 * delete a VMA from its owning mm_struct and address space
 */
static void delete_vma_from_mm(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	int i;
	struct address_space *mapping;
	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
	struct task_struct *curr = current;

	mm->map_count--;
	for (i = 0; i < VMACACHE_SIZE; i++) {
		/* if the vma is cached, invalidate the entire cache */
		if (curr->vmacache.vmas[i] == vma) {
			vmacache_invalidate(mm);
			break;
		}
	}

	/* remove the VMA from the mapping */
	if (vma->vm_file) {
		mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;

		i_mmap_lock_write(mapping);
		flush_dcache_mmap_lock(mapping);
		vma_interval_tree_remove(vma, &mapping->i_mmap);
		flush_dcache_mmap_unlock(mapping);
		i_mmap_unlock_write(mapping);
	}

	/* remove from the MM's tree and list */
	rb_erase(&vma->vm_rb, &mm->mm_rb);

	__vma_unlink_list(mm, vma);
}

/*
 * destroy a VMA record
 */
static void delete_vma(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->close)
		vma->vm_ops->close(vma);
	if (vma->vm_file)
		fput(vma->vm_file);
	put_nommu_region(vma->vm_region);
	vm_area_free(vma);
}

/*
 * look up the first VMA in which addr resides, NULL if none
 * - should be called with mm->mmap_sem at least held readlocked
 */
struct vm_area_struct *find_vma(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;

	/* check the cache first */
	vma = vmacache_find(mm, addr);
	if (likely(vma))
		return vma;

	/* trawl the list (there may be multiple mappings in which addr
	 * resides) */
	for (vma = mm->mmap; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
		if (vma->vm_start > addr)
			return NULL;
		if (vma->vm_end > addr) {
			vmacache_update(addr, vma);
			return vma;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(find_vma);

/*
 * find a VMA
 * - we don't extend stack VMAs under NOMMU conditions
 */
struct vm_area_struct *find_extend_vma(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
{
	return find_vma(mm, addr);
}

/*
 * expand a stack to a given address
 * - not supported under NOMMU conditions
 */
int expand_stack(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address)
{
	return -ENOMEM;
}

/*
 * look up the first VMA exactly that exactly matches addr
 * - should be called with mm->mmap_sem at least held readlocked
 */
static struct vm_area_struct *find_vma_exact(struct mm_struct *mm,
					     unsigned long addr,
					     unsigned long len)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
	unsigned long end = addr + len;

	/* check the cache first */
	vma = vmacache_find_exact(mm, addr, end);
	if (vma)
		return vma;

	/* trawl the list (there may be multiple mappings in which addr
	 * resides) */
	for (vma = mm->mmap; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
		if (vma->vm_start < addr)
			continue;
		if (vma->vm_start > addr)
			return NULL;
		if (vma->vm_end == end) {
			vmacache_update(addr, vma);
			return vma;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

/*
 * determine whether a mapping should be permitted and, if so, what sort of
 * mapping we're capable of supporting
 */
static int validate_mmap_request(struct file *file,
				 unsigned long addr,
				 unsigned long len,
				 unsigned long prot,
				 unsigned long flags,
				 unsigned long pgoff,
				 unsigned long *_capabilities)
{
	unsigned long capabilities, rlen;
	int ret;

	/* do the simple checks first */
	if (flags & MAP_FIXED)
		return -EINVAL;

	if ((flags & MAP_TYPE) != MAP_PRIVATE &&
	    (flags & MAP_TYPE) != MAP_SHARED)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!len)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Careful about overflows.. */
	rlen = PAGE_ALIGN(len);
	if (!rlen || rlen > TASK_SIZE)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* offset overflow? */
	if ((pgoff + (rlen >> PAGE_SHIFT)) < pgoff)
		return -EOVERFLOW;

	if (file) {
		/* files must support mmap */
		if (!file->f_op->mmap)
			return -ENODEV;

		/* work out if what we've got could possibly be shared
		 * - we support chardevs that provide their own "memory"
		 * - we support files/blockdevs that are memory backed
		 */
		if (file->f_op->mmap_capabilities) {
			capabilities = file->f_op->mmap_capabilities(file);
		} else {
			/* no explicit capabilities set, so assume some
			 * defaults */
			switch (file_inode(file)->i_mode & S_IFMT) {
			case S_IFREG:
			case S_IFBLK:
				capabilities = NOMMU_MAP_COPY;
				break;

			case S_IFCHR:
				capabilities =
					NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT |
					NOMMU_MAP_READ |
					NOMMU_MAP_WRITE;
				break;

			default:
				return -EINVAL;
			}
		}

		/* eliminate any capabilities that we can't support on this
		 * device */
		if (!file->f_op->get_unmapped_area)
			capabilities &= ~NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT;
		if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_CAN_READ))
			capabilities &= ~NOMMU_MAP_COPY;

		/* The file shall have been opened with read permission. */
		if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
			return -EACCES;

		if (flags & MAP_SHARED) {
			/* do checks for writing, appending and locking */
			if ((prot & PROT_WRITE) &&
			    !(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
				return -EACCES;

			if (IS_APPEND(file_inode(file)) &&
			    (file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
				return -EACCES;

			if (locks_verify_locked(file))
				return -EAGAIN;

			if (!(capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT))
				return -ENODEV;

			/* we mustn't privatise shared mappings */
			capabilities &= ~NOMMU_MAP_COPY;
		} else {
			/* we're going to read the file into private memory we
			 * allocate */
			if (!(capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_COPY))
				return -ENODEV;

			/* we don't permit a private writable mapping to be
			 * shared with the backing device */
			if (prot & PROT_WRITE)
				capabilities &= ~NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT;
		}

		if (capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT) {
			if (((prot & PROT_READ)  && !(capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_READ))  ||
			    ((prot & PROT_WRITE) && !(capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_WRITE)) ||
			    ((prot & PROT_EXEC)  && !(capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_EXEC))
			    ) {
				capabilities &= ~NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT;
				if (flags & MAP_SHARED) {
					pr_warn("MAP_SHARED not completely supported on !MMU\n");
					return -EINVAL;
				}
			}
		}

		/* handle executable mappings and implied executable
		 * mappings */
		if (path_noexec(&file->f_path)) {
			if (prot & PROT_EXEC)
				return -EPERM;
		} else if ((prot & PROT_READ) && !(prot & PROT_EXEC)) {
			/* handle implication of PROT_EXEC by PROT_READ */
			if (current->personality & READ_IMPLIES_EXEC) {
				if (capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_EXEC)
					prot |= PROT_EXEC;
			}
		} else if ((prot & PROT_READ) &&
			 (prot & PROT_EXEC) &&
			 !(capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_EXEC)
			 ) {
			/* backing file is not executable, try to copy */
			capabilities &= ~NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT;
		}
	} else {
		/* anonymous mappings are always memory backed and can be
		 * privately mapped
		 */
		capabilities = NOMMU_MAP_COPY;

		/* handle PROT_EXEC implication by PROT_READ */
		if ((prot & PROT_READ) &&
		    (current->personality & READ_IMPLIES_EXEC))
			prot |= PROT_EXEC;
	}

	/* allow the security API to have its say */
	ret = security_mmap_addr(addr);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	/* looks okay */
	*_capabilities = capabilities;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * we've determined that we can make the mapping, now translate what we
 * now know into VMA flags
 */
static unsigned long determine_vm_flags(struct file *file,
					unsigned long prot,
					unsigned long flags,
					unsigned long capabilities)
{
	unsigned long vm_flags;

	vm_flags = calc_vm_prot_bits(prot, 0) | calc_vm_flag_bits(flags);
	/* vm_flags |= mm->def_flags; */

	if (!(capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT)) {
		/* attempt to share read-only copies of mapped file chunks */
		vm_flags |= VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE | VM_MAYEXEC;
		if (file && !(prot & PROT_WRITE))
			vm_flags |= VM_MAYSHARE;
	} else {
		/* overlay a shareable mapping on the backing device or inode
		 * if possible - used for chardevs, ramfs/tmpfs/shmfs and
		 * romfs/cramfs */
		vm_flags |= VM_MAYSHARE | (capabilities & NOMMU_VMFLAGS);
		if (flags & MAP_SHARED)
			vm_flags |= VM_SHARED;
	}

	/* refuse to let anyone share private mappings with this process if
	 * it's being traced - otherwise breakpoints set in it may interfere
	 * with another untraced process
	 */
	if ((flags & MAP_PRIVATE) && current->ptrace)
		vm_flags &= ~VM_MAYSHARE;

	return vm_flags;
}

/*
 * set up a shared mapping on a file (the driver or filesystem provides and
 * pins the storage)
 */
static int do_mmap_shared_file(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	int ret;

	ret = call_mmap(vma->vm_file, vma);
	if (ret == 0) {
		vma->vm_region->vm_top = vma->vm_region->vm_end;
		return 0;
	}
	if (ret != -ENOSYS)
		return ret;

	/* getting -ENOSYS indicates that direct mmap isn't possible (as
	 * opposed to tried but failed) so we can only give a suitable error as
	 * it's not possible to make a private copy if MAP_SHARED was given */
	return -ENODEV;
}

/*
 * set up a private mapping or an anonymous shared mapping
 */
static int do_mmap_private(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
			   struct vm_region *region,
			   unsigned long len,
			   unsigned long capabilities)
{
	unsigned long total, point;
	void *base;
	int ret, order;

	/* invoke the file's mapping function so that it can keep track of
	 * shared mappings on devices or memory
	 * - VM_MAYSHARE will be set if it may attempt to share
	 */
	if (capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT) {
		ret = call_mmap(vma->vm_file, vma);
		if (ret == 0) {
			/* shouldn't return success if we're not sharing */
			BUG_ON(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE));
			vma->vm_region->vm_top = vma->vm_region->vm_end;
			return 0;
		}
		if (ret != -ENOSYS)
			return ret;

		/* getting an ENOSYS error indicates that direct mmap isn't
		 * possible (as opposed to tried but failed) so we'll try to
		 * make a private copy of the data and map that instead */
	}


	/* allocate some memory to hold the mapping
	 * - note that this may not return a page-aligned address if the object
	 *   we're allocating is smaller than a page
	 */
	order = get_order(len);
	total = 1 << order;
	point = len >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	/* we don't want to allocate a power-of-2 sized page set */
	if (sysctl_nr_trim_pages && total - point >= sysctl_nr_trim_pages)
		total = point;

	base = alloc_pages_exact(total << PAGE_SHIFT, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!base)
		goto enomem;

	atomic_long_add(total, &mmap_pages_allocated);

	region->vm_flags = vma->vm_flags |= VM_MAPPED_COPY;
	region->vm_start = (unsigned long) base;
	region->vm_end   = region->vm_start + len;
	region->vm_top   = region->vm_start + (total << PAGE_SHIFT);

	vma->vm_start = region->vm_start;
	vma->vm_end   = region->vm_start + len;

	if (vma->vm_file) {
		/* read the contents of a file into the copy */
		loff_t fpos;

		fpos = vma->vm_pgoff;
		fpos <<= PAGE_SHIFT;

		ret = kernel_read(vma->vm_file, base, len, &fpos);
		if (ret < 0)
			goto error_free;

		/* clear the last little bit */
		if (ret < len)
			memset(base + ret, 0, len - ret);

	} else {
		vma_set_anonymous(vma);
	}

	return 0;

error_free:
	free_page_series(region->vm_start, region->vm_top);
	region->vm_start = vma->vm_start = 0;
	region->vm_end   = vma->vm_end = 0;
	region->vm_top   = 0;
	return ret;

enomem:
	pr_err("Allocation of length %lu from process %d (%s) failed\n",
	       len, current->pid, current->comm);
	show_free_areas(0, NULL);
	return -ENOMEM;
}

/*
 * handle mapping creation for uClinux
 */
unsigned long do_mmap(struct file *file,
			unsigned long addr,
			unsigned long len,
			unsigned long prot,
			unsigned long flags,
			vm_flags_t vm_flags,
			unsigned long pgoff,
			unsigned long *populate,
			struct list_head *uf)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
	struct vm_region *region;
	struct rb_node *rb;
	unsigned long capabilities, result;
	int ret;

	*populate = 0;

	/* decide whether we should attempt the mapping, and if so what sort of
	 * mapping */
	ret = validate_mmap_request(file, addr, len, prot, flags, pgoff,
				    &capabilities);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	/* we ignore the address hint */
	addr = 0;
	len = PAGE_ALIGN(len);

	/* we've determined that we can make the mapping, now translate what we
	 * now know into VMA flags */
	vm_flags |= determine_vm_flags(file, prot, flags, capabilities);

	/* we're going to need to record the mapping */
	region = kmem_cache_zalloc(vm_region_jar, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!region)
		goto error_getting_region;

	vma = vm_area_alloc(current->mm);
	if (!vma)
		goto error_getting_vma;

	region->vm_usage = 1;
	region->vm_flags = vm_flags;
	region->vm_pgoff = pgoff;

	vma->vm_flags = vm_flags;
	vma->vm_pgoff = pgoff;

	if (file) {
		region->vm_file = get_file(file);
		vma->vm_file = get_file(file);
	}

	down_write(&nommu_region_sem);

	/* if we want to share, we need to check for regions created by other
	 * mmap() calls that overlap with our proposed mapping
	 * - we can only share with a superset match on most regular files
	 * - shared mappings on character devices and memory backed files are
	 *   permitted to overlap inexactly as far as we are concerned for in
	 *   these cases, sharing is handled in the driver or filesystem rather
	 *   than here
	 */
	if (vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE) {
		struct vm_region *pregion;
		unsigned long pglen, rpglen, pgend, rpgend, start;

		pglen = (len + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
		pgend = pgoff + pglen;

		for (rb = rb_first(&nommu_region_tree); rb; rb = rb_next(rb)) {
			pregion = rb_entry(rb, struct vm_region, vm_rb);

			if (!(pregion->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE))
				continue;

			/* search for overlapping mappings on the same file */
			if (file_inode(pregion->vm_file) !=
			    file_inode(file))
				continue;

			if (pregion->vm_pgoff >= pgend)
				continue;

			rpglen = pregion->vm_end - pregion->vm_start;
			rpglen = (rpglen + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
			rpgend = pregion->vm_pgoff + rpglen;
			if (pgoff >= rpgend)
				continue;

			/* handle inexactly overlapping matches between
			 * mappings */
			if ((pregion->vm_pgoff != pgoff || rpglen != pglen) &&
			    !(pgoff >= pregion->vm_pgoff && pgend <= rpgend)) {
				/* new mapping is not a subset of the region */
				if (!(capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT))
					goto sharing_violation;
				continue;
			}

			/* we've found a region we can share */
			pregion->vm_usage++;
			vma->vm_region = pregion;
			start = pregion->vm_start;
			start += (pgoff - pregion->vm_pgoff) << PAGE_SHIFT;
			vma->vm_start = start;
			vma->vm_end = start + len;

			if (pregion->vm_flags & VM_MAPPED_COPY)
				vma->vm_flags |= VM_MAPPED_COPY;
			else {
				ret = do_mmap_shared_file(vma);
				if (ret < 0) {
					vma->vm_region = NULL;
					vma->vm_start = 0;
					vma->vm_end = 0;
					pregion->vm_usage--;
					pregion = NULL;
					goto error_just_free;
				}
			}
			fput(region->vm_file);
			kmem_cache_free(vm_region_jar, region);
			region = pregion;
			result = start;
			goto share;
		}

		/* obtain the address at which to make a shared mapping
		 * - this is the hook for quasi-memory character devices to
		 *   tell us the location of a shared mapping
		 */
		if (capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT) {
			addr = file->f_op->get_unmapped_area(file, addr, len,
							     pgoff, flags);
			if (IS_ERR_VALUE(addr)) {
				ret = addr;
				if (ret != -ENOSYS)
					goto error_just_free;

				/* the driver refused to tell us where to site
				 * the mapping so we'll have to attempt to copy
				 * it */
				ret = -ENODEV;
				if (!(capabilities & NOMMU_MAP_COPY))
					goto error_just_free;

				capabilities &= ~NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT;
			} else {
				vma->vm_start = region->vm_start = addr;
				vma->vm_end = region->vm_end = addr + len;
			}
		}
	}

	vma->vm_region = region;

	/* set up the mapping
	 * - the region is filled in if NOMMU_MAP_DIRECT is still set
	 */
	if (file && vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)
		ret = do_mmap_shared_file(vma);
	else
		ret = do_mmap_private(vma, region, len, capabilities);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto error_just_free;
	add_nommu_region(region);

	/* clear anonymous mappings that don't ask for uninitialized data */
	if (!vma->vm_file &&
	    (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED) ||
	     !(flags & MAP_UNINITIALIZED)))
		memset((void *)region->vm_start, 0,
		       region->vm_end - region->vm_start);

	/* okay... we have a mapping; now we have to register it */
	result = vma->vm_start;

	current->mm->total_vm += len >> PAGE_SHIFT;

share:
	add_vma_to_mm(current->mm, vma);

	/* we flush the region from the icache only when the first executable
	 * mapping of it is made  */
	if (vma->vm_flags & VM_EXEC && !region->vm_icache_flushed) {
		flush_icache_user_range(region->vm_start, region->vm_end);
		region->vm_icache_flushed = true;
	}

	up_write(&nommu_region_sem);

	return result;

error_just_free:
	up_write(&nommu_region_sem);
error:
	if (region->vm_file)
		fput(region->vm_file);
	kmem_cache_free(vm_region_jar, region);
	if (vma->vm_file)
		fput(vma->vm_file);
	vm_area_free(vma);
	return ret;

sharing_violation:
	up_write(&nommu_region_sem);
	pr_warn("Attempt to share mismatched mappings\n");
	ret = -EINVAL;
	goto error;

error_getting_vma:
	kmem_cache_free(vm_region_jar, region);
	pr_warn("Allocation of vma for %lu byte allocation from process %d failed\n",
			len, current->pid);
	show_free_areas(0, NULL);
	return -ENOMEM;

error_getting_region:
	pr_warn("Allocation of vm region for %lu byte allocation from process %d failed\n",
			len, current->pid);
	show_free_areas(0, NULL);
	return -ENOMEM;
}

unsigned long ksys_mmap_pgoff(unsigned long addr, unsigned long len,
			      unsigned long prot, unsigned long flags,
			      unsigned long fd, unsigned long pgoff)
{
	struct file *file = NULL;
	unsigned long retval = -EBADF;

	audit_mmap_fd(fd, flags);
	if (!(flags & MAP_ANONYMOUS)) {
		file = fget(fd);
		if (!file)
			goto out;
	}

	flags &= ~(MAP_EXECUTABLE | MAP_DENYWRITE);

	retval = vm_mmap_pgoff(file, addr, len, prot, flags, pgoff);

	if (file)
		fput(file);
out:
	return retval;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE6(mmap_pgoff, unsigned long, addr, unsigned long, len,
		unsigned long, prot, unsigned long, flags,
		unsigned long, fd, unsigned long, pgoff)
{
	return ksys_mmap_pgoff(addr, len, prot, flags, fd, pgoff);
}

#ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_OLD_MMAP
struct mmap_arg_struct {
	unsigned long addr;
	unsigned long len;
	unsigned long prot;
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned long fd;
	unsigned long offset;
};

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(old_mmap, struct mmap_arg_struct __user *, arg)
{
	struct mmap_arg_struct a;

	if (copy_from_user(&a, arg, sizeof(a)))
		return -EFAULT;
	if (offset_in_page(a.offset))
		return -EINVAL;

	return ksys_mmap_pgoff(a.addr, a.len, a.prot, a.flags, a.fd,
			       a.offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);
}
#endif /* __ARCH_WANT_SYS_OLD_MMAP */

/*
 * split a vma into two pieces at address 'addr', a new vma is allocated either
 * for the first part or the tail.
 */
int split_vma(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
	      unsigned long addr, int new_below)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *new;
	struct vm_region *region;
	unsigned long npages;

	/* we're only permitted to split anonymous regions (these should have
	 * only a single usage on the region) */
	if (vma->vm_file)
		return -ENOMEM;

	if (mm->map_count >= sysctl_max_map_count)
		return -ENOMEM;

	region = kmem_cache_alloc(vm_region_jar, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!region)
		return -ENOMEM;

	new = vm_area_dup(vma);
	if (!new) {
		kmem_cache_free(vm_region_jar, region);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	/* most fields are the same, copy all, and then fixup */
	*region = *vma->vm_region;
	new->vm_region = region;

	npages = (addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	if (new_below) {
		region->vm_top = region->vm_end = new->vm_end = addr;
	} else {
		region->vm_start = new->vm_start = addr;
		region->vm_pgoff = new->vm_pgoff += npages;
	}

	if (new->vm_ops && new->vm_ops->open)
		new->vm_ops->open(new);

	delete_vma_from_mm(vma);
	down_write(&nommu_region_sem);
	delete_nommu_region(vma->vm_region);
	if (new_below) {
		vma->vm_region->vm_start = vma->vm_start = addr;
		vma->vm_region->vm_pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff += npages;
	} else {
		vma->vm_region->vm_end = vma->vm_end = addr;
		vma->vm_region->vm_top = addr;
	}
	add_nommu_region(vma->vm_region);
	add_nommu_region(new->vm_region);
	up_write(&nommu_region_sem);
	add_vma_to_mm(mm, vma);
	add_vma_to_mm(mm, new);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * shrink a VMA by removing the specified chunk from either the beginning or
 * the end
 */
static int shrink_vma(struct mm_struct *mm,
		      struct vm_area_struct *vma,
		      unsigned long from, unsigned long to)
{
	struct vm_region *region;

	/* adjust the VMA's pointers, which may reposition it in the MM's tree
	 * and list */
	delete_vma_from_mm(vma);
	if (from > vma->vm_start)
		vma->vm_end = from;
	else
		vma->vm_start = to;
	add_vma_to_mm(mm, vma);

	/* cut the backing region down to size */
	region = vma->vm_region;
	BUG_ON(region->vm_usage != 1);

	down_write(&nommu_region_sem);
	delete_nommu_region(region);
	if (from > region->vm_start) {
		to = region->vm_top;
		region->vm_top = region->vm_end = from;
	} else {
		region->vm_start = to;
	}
	add_nommu_region(region);
	up_write(&nommu_region_sem);

	free_page_series(from, to);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * release a mapping
 * - under NOMMU conditions the chunk to be unmapped must be backed by a single
 *   VMA, though it need not cover the whole VMA
 */
int do_munmap(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start, size_t len, struct list_head *uf)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
	unsigned long end;
	int ret;

	len = PAGE_ALIGN(len);
	if (len == 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	end = start + len;

	/* find the first potentially overlapping VMA */
	vma = find_vma(mm, start);
	if (!vma) {
		static int limit;
		if (limit < 5) {
			pr_warn("munmap of memory not mmapped by process %d (%s): 0x%lx-0x%lx\n",
					current->pid, current->comm,
					start, start + len - 1);
			limit++;
		}
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/* we're allowed to split an anonymous VMA but not a file-backed one */
	if (vma->vm_file) {
		do {
			if (start > vma->vm_start)
				return -EINVAL;
			if (end == vma->vm_end)
				goto erase_whole_vma;
			vma = vma->vm_next;
		} while (vma);
		return -EINVAL;
	} else {
		/* the chunk must be a subset of the VMA found */
		if (start == vma->vm_start && end == vma->vm_end)
			goto erase_whole_vma;
		if (start < vma->vm_start || end > vma->vm_end)
			return -EINVAL;
		if (offset_in_page(start))
			return -EINVAL;
		if (end != vma->vm_end && offset_in_page(end))
			return -EINVAL;
		if (start != vma->vm_start && end != vma->vm_end) {
			ret = split_vma(mm, vma, start, 1);
			if (ret < 0)
				return ret;
		}
		return shrink_vma(mm, vma, start, end);
	}

erase_whole_vma:
	delete_vma_from_mm(vma);
	delete_vma(mm, vma);
	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(do_munmap);

int vm_munmap(unsigned long addr, size_t len)
{
	struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
	int ret;

	mmap_write_lock(mm);
	ret = do_munmap(mm, addr, len, NULL);
	mmap_write_unlock(mm);
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_munmap);

SYSCALL_DEFINE2(munmap, unsigned long, addr, size_t, len)
{
	return vm_munmap(addr, len);
}

/*
 * release all the mappings made in a process's VM space
 */
void exit_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;

	if (!mm)
		return;

	mm->total_vm = 0;

	while ((vma = mm->mmap)) {
		mm->mmap = vma->vm_next;
		delete_vma_from_mm(vma);
		delete_vma(mm, vma);
		cond_resched();
	}
}

int vm_brk(unsigned long addr, unsigned long len)
{
	return -ENOMEM;
}

/*
 * expand (or shrink) an existing mapping, potentially moving it at the same
 * time (controlled by the MREMAP_MAYMOVE flag and available VM space)
 *
 * under NOMMU conditions, we only permit changing a mapping's size, and only
 * as long as it stays within the region allocated by do_mmap_private() and the
 * block is not shareable
 *
 * MREMAP_FIXED is not supported under NOMMU conditions
 */
static unsigned long do_mremap(unsigned long addr,
			unsigned long old_len, unsigned long new_len,
			unsigned long flags, unsigned long new_addr)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;

	/* insanity checks first */
	old_len = PAGE_ALIGN(old_len);
	new_len = PAGE_ALIGN(new_len);
	if (old_len == 0 || new_len == 0)
		return (unsigned long) -EINVAL;

	if (offset_in_page(addr))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (flags & MREMAP_FIXED && new_addr != addr)
		return (unsigned long) -EINVAL;

	vma = find_vma_exact(current->mm, addr, old_len);
	if (!vma)
		return (unsigned long) -EINVAL;

	if (vma->vm_end != vma->vm_start + old_len)
		return (unsigned long) -EFAULT;

	if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE)
		return (unsigned long) -EPERM;

	if (new_len > vma->vm_region->vm_end - vma->vm_region->vm_start)
		return (unsigned long) -ENOMEM;

	/* all checks complete - do it */
	vma->vm_end = vma->vm_start + new_len;
	return vma->vm_start;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE5(mremap, unsigned long, addr, unsigned long, old_len,
		unsigned long, new_len, unsigned long, flags,
		unsigned long, new_addr)
{
	unsigned long ret;

	mmap_write_lock(current->mm);
	ret = do_mremap(addr, old_len, new_len, flags, new_addr);
	mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
	return ret;
}

struct page *follow_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
			 unsigned int foll_flags)
{
	return NULL;
}

int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
		unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
{
	if (addr != (pfn << PAGE_SHIFT))
		return -EINVAL;

	vma->vm_flags |= VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP | VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;
	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(remap_pfn_range);

int vm_iomap_memory(struct vm_area_struct *vma, phys_addr_t start, unsigned long len)
{
	unsigned long pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned long vm_len = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;

	pfn += vma->vm_pgoff;
	return io_remap_pfn_range(vma, vma->vm_start, pfn, vm_len, vma->vm_page_prot);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_iomap_memory);

int remap_vmalloc_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, void *addr,
			unsigned long pgoff)
{
	unsigned int size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;

	if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_USERMAP))
		return -EINVAL;

	vma->vm_start = (unsigned long)(addr + (pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT));
	vma->vm_end = vma->vm_start + size;

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(remap_vmalloc_range);

unsigned long arch_get_unmapped_area(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
	unsigned long len, unsigned long pgoff, unsigned long flags)
{
	return -ENOMEM;
}

vm_fault_t filemap_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
	BUG();
	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(filemap_fault);

void filemap_map_pages(struct vm_fault *vmf,
		pgoff_t start_pgoff, pgoff_t end_pgoff)
{
	BUG();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(filemap_map_pages);

int __access_remote_vm(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
		unsigned long addr, void *buf, int len, unsigned int gup_flags)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
	int write = gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE;

	if (mmap_read_lock_killable(mm))
		return 0;

	/* the access must start within one of the target process's mappings */
	vma = find_vma(mm, addr);
	if (vma) {
		/* don't overrun this mapping */
		if (addr + len >= vma->vm_end)
			len = vma->vm_end - addr;

		/* only read or write mappings where it is permitted */
		if (write && vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE)
			copy_to_user_page(vma, NULL, addr,
					 (void *) addr, buf, len);
		else if (!write && vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYREAD)
			copy_from_user_page(vma, NULL, addr,
					    buf, (void *) addr, len);
		else
			len = 0;
	} else {
		len = 0;
	}

	mmap_read_unlock(mm);

	return len;
}

/**
 * access_remote_vm - access another process' address space
 * @mm:		the mm_struct of the target address space
 * @addr:	start address to access
 * @buf:	source or destination buffer
 * @len:	number of bytes to transfer
 * @gup_flags:	flags modifying lookup behaviour
 *
 * The caller must hold a reference on @mm.
 */
int access_remote_vm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
		void *buf, int len, unsigned int gup_flags)
{
	return __access_remote_vm(NULL, mm, addr, buf, len, gup_flags);
}

/*
 * Access another process' address space.
 * - source/target buffer must be kernel space
 */
int access_process_vm(struct task_struct *tsk, unsigned long addr, void *buf, int len,
		unsigned int gup_flags)
{
	struct mm_struct *mm;

	if (addr + len < addr)
		return 0;

	mm = get_task_mm(tsk);
	if (!mm)
		return 0;

	len = __access_remote_vm(tsk, mm, addr, buf, len, gup_flags);

	mmput(mm);
	return len;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(access_process_vm);

/**
 * nommu_shrink_inode_mappings - Shrink the shared mappings on an inode
 * @inode: The inode to check
 * @size: The current filesize of the inode
 * @newsize: The proposed filesize of the inode
 *
 * Check the shared mappings on an inode on behalf of a shrinking truncate to
 * make sure that that any outstanding VMAs aren't broken and then shrink the
 * vm_regions that extend that beyond so that do_mmap_pgoff() doesn't
 * automatically grant mappings that are too large.
 */
int nommu_shrink_inode_mappings(struct inode *inode, size_t size,
				size_t newsize)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
	struct vm_region *region;
	pgoff_t low, high;
	size_t r_size, r_top;

	low = newsize >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	high = (size + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	down_write(&nommu_region_sem);
	i_mmap_lock_read(inode->i_mapping);

	/* search for VMAs that fall within the dead zone */
	vma_interval_tree_foreach(vma, &inode->i_mapping->i_mmap, low, high) {
		/* found one - only interested if it's shared out of the page
		 * cache */
		if (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED) {
			i_mmap_unlock_read(inode->i_mapping);
			up_write(&nommu_region_sem);
			return -ETXTBSY; /* not quite true, but near enough */
		}
	}

	/* reduce any regions that overlap the dead zone - if in existence,
	 * these will be pointed to by VMAs that don't overlap the dead zone
	 *
	 * we don't check for any regions that start beyond the EOF as there
	 * shouldn't be any
	 */
	vma_interval_tree_foreach(vma, &inode->i_mapping->i_mmap, 0, ULONG_MAX) {
		if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))
			continue;

		region = vma->vm_region;
		r_size = region->vm_top - region->vm_start;
		r_top = (region->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) + r_size;

		if (r_top > newsize) {
			region->vm_top -= r_top - newsize;
			if (region->vm_end > region->vm_top)
				region->vm_end = region->vm_top;
		}
	}

	i_mmap_unlock_read(inode->i_mapping);
	up_write(&nommu_region_sem);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Initialise sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes.
 *
 * This is intended to prevent a user from starting a single memory hogging
 * process, such that they cannot recover (kill the hog) in OVERCOMMIT_NEVER
 * mode.
 *
 * The default value is min(3% of free memory, 128MB)
 * 128MB is enough to recover with sshd/login, bash, and top/kill.
 */
static int __meminit init_user_reserve(void)
{
	unsigned long free_kbytes;

	free_kbytes = global_zone_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);

	sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes = min(free_kbytes / 32, 1UL << 17);
	return 0;
}
subsys_initcall(init_user_reserve);

/*
 * Initialise sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes.
 *
 * The purpose of sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes is to allow the sys admin
 * to log in and kill a memory hogging process.
 *
 * Systems with more than 256MB will reserve 8MB, enough to recover
 * with sshd, bash, and top in OVERCOMMIT_GUESS. Smaller systems will
 * only reserve 3% of free pages by default.
 */
static int __meminit init_admin_reserve(void)
{
	unsigned long free_kbytes;

	free_kbytes = global_zone_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);

	sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes = min(free_kbytes / 32, 1UL << 13);
	return 0;
}
subsys_initcall(init_admin_reserve);